Factors associated with early menarche: results from the French Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Puberty is a transition period making physiological development a challenge adolescents have to face. Early pubertal development could be associated with higher risks of poor health. Our objective was to examine risk behaviours, physical and psychological determinants associated with early menarche (<11 years).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Early menarche was assessed in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children French cross-sectional survey. Data were collected in 2006 by anonymous self-reported standardized questionnaire from a nationally representative sample of 1072 15 years old girls in school classrooms. Family environment, school experience, physical and psychological factors, risk behaviours (substance use and sexual initiation) were recorded. Logistic regression models were applied (analysing for crude and adjusted relationships between early menarche and risk behaviours controlled for family context).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Median age at menarche was 13.0 years; 57 girls (5.3%) were early-matured. Controlled for familial environment, early menarche was associated with having had more than two life-drunkenness episodes (adjusted OR = 2.5 [1.3-4.6]), early sexual initiation (adjusted OR = 2.8 [1.3-6.0]) and overweight (adjusted OR = 7.3 [3.6-14.9]).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Early-maturing girls may affiliate with older adolescents, hence engage in risk behaviours linked to their appearance rather than their maturity level. Factors associated with early menarche highlight the need to focus attention on early-matured girls to prevent further health problems linked to risk behaviours.</p

The European Hematology Association Roadmap for European Hematology Research. A Consensus Document

Abstract The European Hematology Association (EHA) Roadmap for European Hematology Research highlights major achievements in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and identifies the greatest unmet clinical and scientific needs in those areas to enable better funded, more focused European hematology research. Initiated by the EHA, around 300 experts contributed to the consensus document, which will help European policy makers, research funders, research organizations, researchers, and patient groups make better informed decisions on hematology research. It also aims to raise public awareness of the burden of blood disorders on European society, which purely in economic terms is estimated at Euro 23 billion per year, a level of cost that is not matched in current European hematology research funding. In recent decades, hematology research has improved our fundamental understanding of the biology of blood disorders, and has improved diagnostics and treatments, sometimes in revolutionary ways. This progress highlights the potential of focused basic research programs such as this EHA Roadmap. The EHA Roadmap identifies nine sections in hematology: normal hematopoiesis, malignant lymphoid and myeloid diseases, anemias and related diseases, platelet disorders, blood coagulation and hemostatic disorders, transfusion medicine, infections in hematology, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These sections span 60 smaller groups of diseases or disorders. The EHA Roadmap identifies priorities and needs across the field of hematology, including those to develop targeted therapies based on genomic profiling and chemical biology, to eradicate minimal residual malignant disease, and to develop cellular immunotherapies, combination treatments, gene therapies, hematopoietic stem cell treatments, and treatments that are better tolerated by elderly patients. Received December 15, 2015. Accepted January 27, 2016. Copyright © 2016, Ferrata Storti Foundatio

Public Stigma of Autism Spectrum Disorder at School: Implicit Attitudes Matter

This study examines the public stigma of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by their school-aged peers, focusing on both explicit and implicit attitudes. The twofold aims were to provide a broader picture of public stigma and to explore age-related changes in attitudes. Students completed an explicit measure of the public stigma and an implicit measure of attitudes after watching a video displaying children with ASD vs. typically developing (TD) children. Both measures showed more negative perceptions towards children with ASD compared to TD children. However, while explicit attitudes improved with age, implicit attitudes remained constantly negative. This finding suggests that both explicit and implicit attitudes should be considered when promoting an inclusive climate at school

Approche statistique des besoins azotés de la vache laitière

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

La sous-alimentation énergétique et/ou azotée chez la vache tarie. Effets sur les acides gras volatils du rumen, quelques métabolites et hormones du plasma et l'excrétion urinaire de la 3-méthylhistidine

International audienc

Étude des profils plasmatiques du cortisol, des acides aminés, du glucose et de l'urée après une injection d'ACTH chez la vache tarie

International audienc

Relation entre le métabolisme de l'azote et du magnésium dans les estomacs des bovins

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Influence de la mise à jeun sur l'aminoacidémie libre, l'urémie et la glycémie chez la vache laitière

Three cows within their 26th week of lactation (average milk yield: 15.7 kg/day) were used to determine the effects of starvation on 19 free amino acids (AA) of plasma, uremia and glycemia. For three successive days, blood samples were collected at hourly intervals from 09.00 am to 03.00 pm. From 1 month before up to the ist day of the sampling period, the animals were overfed in two equal meals (06.15 am and 03.30 pm) with a hay-based diet. On the 2nd and the 3rd day, only water was available. On the Ist day of fasting, muscle protein catabolism increased as suggested by an increase (P < 0.05) in mean plasma levels of 3-methylhistidine (MeHis, index of muscle protein catabolism in cattle), Asp, Gly, His, Lys and Ser. On the same day, mean plasma concentrations of Glu and Pro decreased (P < 0.05), possibly through an enhanced utilization of those AA for gluconeogenesis and/or energy needs as suggested by the maintainance of glycemia and the increase (P < 0.05) in uremia. On the 2nd day of fasting, further changes of metabolic parameters occurred: mean plasma levels of MeHis, urea, Arg and Leu still increased (P < 0.05); those of Asn, Asp, Glu, Met and Tyr decreased (P < 0.05); plasma Gly, His, Lys and Ser plateaued at high and plasma Pro at low levels. Unlike results reported in dry cow, plasma Ala, Gin, lie and Val did not increase during the fasting period. Furthermore, despite an enhanced protein mobilization, glycemia and milk yield dropped (P < 0.05) on the 2nd day of fasting. The fall in plasma glucose probably resulted from a continuous glucose uptake by the mammary gland for milk lactose synthesis which was not entirely compensated by gluconeogenesis. Within-day variations in plasma metabolites were observed, but these variations were generally lower during fasting than during feeding, especially for plasma glucose which showed variation with time of day during both fasting days. It was concluded that, as in dry cows, a 2-day fasting enhances muscle proteolysis in lactating cows. Contrary to dry cows, however, gluconeogenesis mechanism which attempts to maintain glucose homeostasis becomes insufficient in lactating cows to avoid a drop in glycemia from the 2nd day of fasting. The decrease in milk yield might be, at least partly, the result of that drop in glycemia. Finally, the time course from the last meal is a factor affecting within-day variations of plasma metabolites