Uma análise comparativa do discurso científico-político-empresarial no Brasil e na Rússia

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze a relatively young type of discourse: scientific-political-business discourse and show examples of it in two countries, Brazil and Russia. The article discusses the phenomenon of the dialogue of scientific discourse in contemporary society with other spheres of human activity - those of politics and business - analyzing issues discussed in two forums of economic development (in São Paulo and St. Petersburg). The research is based on Bakhtinian ideas about dialogue and the discursive and comparative analysis carried out by CEDISCOR, the research group which is based in the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris. One of the concepts developed by this group is the tertium comparationis (or element of comparison), which is used in this analysis. The results point to the appropriation, by business discourse, of the authority given to science, which validates business practices and to the ideological similarity, fruit of the globalized productive relations, settled in both countries.O objetivo desse artigo é descrever e analisar um tipo de discurso relativamente jovem: o discurso científico-político-empresarial, assim como mostrar exemplos dele em dois países, Brasil e Rússia. O artigo aborda o fenômeno do diálogo do discurso científico, na sociedade contemporânea, com outras esferas da atividade humana – a da política e a dos negócios, analisando assuntos pautados em dois fóruns de desenvolvimento econômico (em São Paulo e São Petersburgo). A pesquisa apoia-se nas ideias bakhtinianas sobre o diálogo e na análise discursiva e comparativa realizada pelo grupo CLESTHIA axe sens et discours da Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, em Paris. Um dos conceitos desenvolvidos por este grupo é o tertium comparationis (ou elemento de comparação), que é usado na análise deste trabalho. Os resultados apontam para a apropriação, por parte do discurso dos negócios, da autoridade conferida à ciência para validar práticas empresariais e, também, para a semelhança ideológica, fruto das relações produtivas globalizadas, que se estabeleceram nos dois países

Detection of the Frail Elderly at Risk of Postoperative Sepsis.

With the increase in the elderly population, surgery in aged patients is seeing an exponential increase. In this population, sepsis is a major concern for perioperative care, especially in older and frail patients. We aim to investigate the incidence of sepsis in elderly patients receiving diverse types of surgical procedures and explore the predictive capacity of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) to identify patients at high risk of incidence of postoperative sepsis. This study relies on information from the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set, including data from nearly 300 hospitals in Spain. We extracted records of 254,836 patients aged 76 years and older who underwent a series of surgical interventions within three consecutive years (2016-2018). The HFRS and Elixhauser comorbidity index were computed to determine the independent effect on the incidence of sepsis. Overall, the incidence of postoperative sepsis was 2645 (1.04%). The higher risk of sepsis was in major stomach, esophageal, and duodenal (7.62%), followed by major intestinal procedures (5.65%). Frail patients are at high risk of sepsis. HFRS demonstrated a high predictive capacity to identify patients with a risk of postoperative sepsis and can be a valid instrument for risk stratification and vigilant perioperative monitoring for the early identification of patients at high risk of sepsis.S

Population structure in Quercus suber L. revealed by nuclear microsatellite markers

Quercus suber L. is a sclerophyllous tree species native to the western Mediterranean, a region that is considered highly vulnerable to increased temperatures and severe dry conditions due to environmental changes. Understanding the population structure and demographics of Q. suber is essential in order to anticipate whether populations at greater risk and the species as a whole have the genetic background and reproductive dynamics to enable rapid adaptation. The genetic diversity of Q. suber has been subject to different studies using both chloroplast and nuclear data, but population structure patterns remain unclear. Here, we perform genetic analyses on Q. suber using 13 nuclear microsatellite markers, and analysed 17 distinct locations across the entire range of the species. Structure analyses revealed that Q. suber may contain three major genetic clusters that likely result from isolation in refugia combined with posterior admixture and putative introgression from other Quercus species. Our results show a more complex structure scenario than previously inferred for Q. suber using nuclear markers and suggest that different southern populations contain high levels of genetic variation that may contribute to the resilience of Q. suber in a context of environmental change and adaptive pressureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Enhancing decellularized vascular scaffolds with PVDF and PCL reinforcement: a fused deposition modeling approach

BackgroundDecellularized xenogenic scaffolds represent a promising substrate for tissue-engineered vascular prostheses, particularly those with smaller diameters (<6 mm). Despite their benefits, a notable limitation presents itself during decellularization, namely, the diminished mechanical strength that introduces the risk of aneurysmal dilations in the early post-implantation period. This study introduces a strategy for modification the mechanical properties of these biological scaffolds through the forming of an external polymeric reinforcement via thermal extrusion.MethodsThe study utilized scaffolds fabricated from bovine internal mammary arteries through decellularization and preservation. The scaffolds were divided into subgroups and reinforced with polymeric helices made of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and Polycaprolactone (PCL), n = 5 for each. An experimental setup for external reinforcement coating was designed. Computed microtomography was employed to obtain accurate 3D models of the scaffolds. Mechanical properties were evaluated through in vitro uniaxial tension tests (Z50, Zwick/Roell, Germany), compliance evaluation and numerical simulations (Abaqus/CAE, Dassault Systemes, France) to investigate the effect of external reinforcement on aneurysm growth.ResultsUsing a double-layer helix for the reinforcement significantly enhanced the radial tensile strength of the scaffolds, increasing it up to 2.26 times. Yet, the comparison of vessel's compliance between two reinforced and the Control scaffolds within the physiological pressures range did not reveal any significant differences. Numerical simulation of aneurysm growth showed that thin-walled regions of the Control scaffold developed aneurysmal-type protrusions, bulging up to 0.7 mm, with a substantial degradation of mechanical properties. In contrast, both PVDF and PCL reinforced scaffolds did not exhibit significant property degradation, with deformations ranging 0.1–0.13 mm depending on the model, and a maximum decrease in the modulus of elasticity of 23%.ConclusionThe results of the study demonstrated that the external polymer helical reinforcement of decellularized scaffolds via thermal extrusion enables a controlled modification of mechanical properties, notably enhancing radial strength while maintaining sufficient compliance within the physiological pressure range. A series of in vitro tests demonstrated the consistency and potential of this approach for decellularized xenogenic scaffolds, a concept that had not been explored before

Haplotype diversity patterns in Quercus suber (Fagaceae) inferred from cpDNA sequence data

Chloroplast genome diversity in cork oak (Quercus suber) is characterised by the occurrence of haplotypes that are akin to those found in other Mediterranean oak species, particularly in Q. ilex and Q. rotundifolia, suggesting the possible presence of an introgressed chloroplast lineage. To further investigate this pattern, we reconstructed chloroplast haplotypes by sequencing four chloroplast markers (cpDNA), sampled across 181 individuals and 10 taxa. Our analyses resulted in the identification of two diversified chloroplast haplogroups in Q. suber, corresponding to a geographically widespread lineage and an Afro-Iberian lineage. Time-calibrated phylogenetic analyses of cpDNA point to a Miocene origin of the two haplogroups in Q. suber, suggesting that the Afro-Iberian lineage was present in cork oak before the onset of glaciation periods. The persistence of the two haplogroups in the western part of the species distribution range may be a consequence of either ancient introgression events or chloroplast lineage sorting, combined with different fixation in refugia through glaciation periods. Our results provide a comprehensive insight on the origins of chloroplast diversity in these ecologically and economically important Mediterranean oaks.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identification of autoimmune markers in pulmonary tuberculosis

IntroductionPathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases is mainly promoted by poorly regulated and/or wrong targeted immune response to pathogens including M. tuberculosis. Autoimmunity is one of the processes with are characteristics of tuberculosis (Tbc). The aim was to determine the autoimmune clinical and immunological features in patients with pulmonary Tbc.Materials and methodsA prospective comparative study was performed in 2017 – 2019 with the inclusion of 46 patients with Tbc. The trigger factors and clinical manifestations, autoantibodies, peripheral blood B cell subsets were stained with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies. 40 healthy volunteers in the control group, were matched for age with no chronic diseases, contacts with TB patients and changes in their laboratory parameters. A statistical analysis was done with GraphPad Prism 6, Statistica 10 (Statsoft) and MedCalc – version 18.2.1 values.ResultsThere were no significant ASIA triggers in Tbc patients and control group. 21.1% of Tbc patients had a high level of a rheumatoid factor and in 47.4% complement system factor C3 was high; anti-MCV was detected in 60.7% of Tbc patients. Relative and absolute frequencies of “naïve” Bm1 cells and eBm5 were significantly decreased and activated pre-germinal-center Bm2’ cells were significantly increased in Tbc patients. The CD24++CD38++ B cells were increased in Tbc vs control group (10.25% vs 5.42%), p < 0.001, and 19 cell/1μL (10; 290 vs 11 cell/1μL (6; 20), p = 0.029, respectively). The frequency of CXCR3+CCR4– Tfh1 cells was significantly lower in Tbc vs control one (26.52% vs. 31.00%, p = 0.004), while CXCR3–CCR4+ Tfh2 cells were increased in Tbc (20.31% vs. controls (16.56%, p = 0.030). The absolute numbers of Tfh1 cells were decreased in the Tbc vs. control (24 cell/1μL vs. 37 cell/1μL p = 0.005).ConclusionThe results of our study showed that the detection of a rheumatoid factor, the components of complement system and anti-MCV in complex with alterations in B cells and follicular Th cell subsets may indicate a presence of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, but they are not specific. The indicators of autoimmune-related provide new opportunities in the Tbc treatment

N-ГЛИКОЛИЛНЕЙРАМИНОВАЯ КИСЛОТА КАК ВОЗМОЖНЫЙ ТРИГГЕР ИММУННОГО ОТТОРЖЕНИЯ ЭПОКСИОБРАБОТАННЫХ КСЕНОПЕРИКАРДИАЛЬНЫХ БИОПРОТЕЗОВ КЛАПАНОВ СЕРДЦА

HighlightsStabilization of bovine pericardial tissue by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether does not remove the N-glycolylneuraminic acid contained in its structure, which is one of the most immunoreactive glycan xenoantigens;N-glycolylneuraminic acid can potentially cause early immune rejection of epoxy-treated bioprosthetic heart valves. Aim. To assess the presence of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in an intact bovine pericardial tissue stabilized by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and in the leaflets of epoxy-treated bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) explanted due to dysfunction.Methods. By means of immunochemistry (using anti-Neu5Gc antibodies), we studied the fragments of 5 samples of intact epoxy-treated bovine pericardium commonly used in cardiac surgery. Similarly, we examined the fragments of the leaflets of 8 epoxy-treated BHVs that lasted for different time periods (1 day to 68 months) and excised during reoperation. The native bovine pericardium and the leaflets of 3 human aortic valves (AV) removed during reoperation in patients with aortic stenosis were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.Results. Positive reaction for Neu5Gc was observed in intact epoxy-treated xenopericardium and BHVs excised 1, 2, 20 and 42 days after implantation. The tissue of BHV that had lasted 30 months was characterized by the faint presence of Neu5Gc. In the leaflets of AV and in BHVs, explanted after 34, 63 and 68 months, Neu5Gc was not detected. Conclusion. Stabilization of xenobiomaterial with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether does not remove the Neu5Gc. This saccharide remains in the biological tissue of epoxy-treated BHV for about 2.5 years after implantation. Основные положенияСтабилизация бычьего перикарда диглицидиловым эфиром этиленгликоля не экранирует содержащуюся в его структуре N-гликолилнейраминовую кислоту – один из наиболее иммунореактивных гликановых ксеноантигенов.N-гликолилнейраминовая кислота может являться потенциальным триггером раннего иммунного отторжения эпоксиобработанных ксенобиопротезов клапанов сердца. Цель. Оценить присутствие N-гликолилнейраминовой кислоты (ГНК) в интактном бычьем перикарде, стабилизированном диглицидиловым эфиром этиленгликоля, а также в створках эпоксиобработанных ксеноперикардиальных биопротезов клапанов сердца (БП), эксплантированных по причине дисфункций.Материалы и методы. Посредством иммуногистохимического окрашивания антителом к ГНК изучены фрагменты пяти лоскутов интактного эпоксиобработанного бычьего перикарда, применяемого в производстве БП. Аналогичным образом исследованы фрагменты створок восьми эпоксиобработанных БП со сроками функционирования от 1 дня до 68 мес. и иссеченных при репротезировании. В качестве положительного и отрицательного контролей использовали нативный бычий перикард и створки трех аортальных клапанов, удаленных при протезировании у пациентов с аортальным стенозом, соответственно.Результаты. Положительное окрашивание ГНК отмечено в интактном эпоксиобработанном ксеноперикарде и створках БП, иссеченных через 1, 2, 20 и 42 дня после имплантации. Ткани БП, функционировавшего 30 мес., характеризовались следовым присутствием ГНК. В створках аортальных клапанов и БП, эксплантированных через 34, 63 и 68 мес., ГНК не выявлена. Заключение. Стабилизация ксенобиоматериала диглицидиловым эфиром этиленгликоля не экранирует ГНК. Данный сахарид сохраняется в структуре биоматериала функционирующих эпоксиобработанных БП около 2,5 лет после имплантации.

Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe : A Synthesis of National Perspectives

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009-2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action "Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society" funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.Peer reviewe

Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1

Background Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. Methods For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dosespecific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in countryreported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. Findings By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81.6% [95% uncertainty interval 80.4-82 .7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39.9% [37.5-42.1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38.5% [35.4-41.3] in 1980 to 83.6% [82.3-84.8] in 2019). Third- dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42.6% (41.4-44.1) in 1980 to 79.8% (78.4-81.1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56.8 million (52.6-60. 9) to 14.5 million (13.4-15.9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. Interpretation After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe