The Diplomat of the Twenty First Century

The advancement and development in international communications and transportation, led to enhance and development of diplomatic law, which resulted to the search for a new path of diplomacy in order to be consistent with the aspirations of the peoples and strengthen international peace and security. The highlighted importance of our topic came from the fact that diplomatic relations in the 21st century forced diplomats to gain new ethics and new diplomatic traditions. therefore, the research included the definition of diplomacy. new qualities that must be displayed by diplomatic and the diplomatic grades that are considered influential in international relations. Also the research included a study of the diplomat obligations  in the twenty one century, including the general duties in the face of life complexities.The research included the study of the diplomat dealing with information technology and  international relations management, in the speed that is adopted world wide. The advanced media movement imposed on diplomacy a new development that forced it to adapt the new media means in addition to what had been achieved by social diplomacy. The research was finalized with a conclusion that included the most important conclusions and recommendations. Keywords: Diplomatic, Political, Delegate, 21st Century

THE IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING ENABLERS ON KNOWLEDGE SHARING CAPABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON JORDANIAN TELECOMMUNICATION FIRMS

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of knowledge sharing enablers on knowledge sharing capability. This study used a questionnaire where the scale is adapted to measure those dimensions of knowledge sharing enablers (i.e. enjoyment in helping others, knowledge self-efficacy, top management support, organizational rewards, and ICT use) and knowledge sharing capability. This study targeted the telecommunication companies in Jordan, namely Orange and Umniah. The suitable returned questionnaires accounted for 367 out of 600. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the impact of each of the knowledge sharing enablers on knowledge sharing. This study found that knowledge sharing enablers affect knowledge sharing. Also, it found that the most influential dimension of knowledge sharing was enjoyment in helping others; followed by ICT use, organizational rewards, and then top management support. However, knowledge self-efficacy did not have a statistically significant effect over knowledge sharing

Overview of convolutional neural networks architectures for brain tumor segmentation

Due to the paramount importance of the medical field in the lives of people, researchers and experts exploited advancements in computer techniques to solve many diagnostic and analytical medical problems. Brain tumor diagnosis is one of the most important computational problems that has been studied and focused on. The brain tumor is determined by segmentation of brain images using many techniques based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain tumor segmentation methods have been developed since a long time and are still evolving, but the current trend is to use deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) due to its many breakthroughs and unprecedented results that have been achieved in various applications and their capacity to learn a hierarchy of progressively complicated characteristics from input without requiring manual feature extraction. Considering these unprecedented results, we present this paper as a brief review for main CNNs architecture types used in brain tumor segmentation. Specifically, we focus on researcher works that used the well-known brain tumor segmentation (BraTS) dataset

Rasyid Al-Ghannousyi’s Thought on Islamic Democracy

Rasyid al-Ghannousyi, pemikir, pembaharu, pemimpin dan pendiri partai politik al-Nahdhah di Tunisia, tak syak lagi adalah salah seorang pelopor kebangkitan Islam kontemporer. Keberanian dan kepeloporannyanya berkontribusi dalam membangkitkan kesadaran dan kepedulian politis Islam terkait dengan akibat-akibat yang berbahaya dan jahat dari rejim otoriter Zainal Abidin Bin Ali di Tunisia. Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi kehidupan dan pemikirannya dengan fokus khusus pada pendekatannya terhadap demokrasi dan kesesuaiannya dengan Islam, kebebasan publik dan sipil, hak-hal politik warga non-Muslim di Negara Islam dan konsep legitimasi politik dalam pemikiran politik Islam

Cyberbullying And The Extent To Which It Is Considered A Criminal Offense In Omani Law.

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة التنمّر الإلكتروني في القانون العماني، من خلال معالجة الإشكالية الرئيسة التي يثيرها، وهي مدى اعتبار أفعال التنمّر الإلكتروني جريمة جزائية، وهل تكفي نصوص القوانين العقابية العُمانية الحالية لمواجهة هذه الأفعال أم أن الأمر يحتاج إلى استحداث نصوص جديدة؟ واعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي في بيان ماهية التنمّر الإلكتروني وسماته المميزة له، وعلى المنهج التحليلي للوصول إلى ما إذا كانت نصوص قانون الجزاء وقانون مكافحة جرائم تقنية المعلومات العمانيين تستوعب أفعال التنمّر الإلكتروني بكل أنواعها أم لا. وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج أهمها أن التنمّر الإلكتروني أنواع متعددة، وأي تعريف له يجب أن يشتمل على ثلاثة ركائز يقوم عليها، وهي طبيعة الفعل المكون له، ووسيلة ارتكابه، والغاية منه، وأن النصوص الحالية، سواء في قانون الجزاء أو قانون مكافحة جرائم تقنية المعلومات العُمانيين قاصرة، ولا تستوعب جميع أفعال التنمّر الالكتروني؛ لما له من خصوصية تميزه من الجرائم التي تعاقب عليها هذه النصوص، تُستمدّ من المقومات الذاتية التي يقوم عليها، وهي القصد الخاص، وتكرار السلوك، والتفاوت في القوة بين الجاني والضحية، وارتكابها بواسطة إحدى الوسائل الإلكترونية. لذلك نوصي المشرع العماني بضرورة النص صراحة على عقاب التنمّر الإلكتروني باعتباره جريمة لها مقوماتها وعناصرها الخاصة، وعدم الاكتفاء بالنصوص العقابية الحالية في قانوني الجزاء ومكافحة جرائم تقنية المعلومات، بالإضافة إلى الاستعانة بالأساليب غير العقابية، كالبرامج التعليمية، والحلول التقنية، التي تعد خطوة أساسية في منع التنمّر والوقاية منه.The research aims to examine Cyberbullying within Omani law, focusing on the key issue of whether acts of Cyberbullying are considered criminal offenses under current Omani penal laws, or if new legislation is needed to address this issue. The study uses a descriptive approach to define Cyberbullying and its characteristics, and an analytical approach to determine whether the existing Omani Penal Code and cybercrime law cover all forms of Cyberbullying . The research findings indicate that Cyberbullying encompasses multiple types, and any definition should consider its nature, means of commission, and purpose. The current laws do not encompass all forms of Cyberbullying due to its specific nature, which includes subjective elements such as special intent, repeated behavior, power disparity between the perpetrator and the victim, and commission through electronic means. As a result, it is recommended that the Omani legislature explicitly include Cyberbullying as a distinct crime with its own components and elements, rather than relying solely on existing punitive provisions in penal laws and cybercrime legislation. Additionally, non-punitive methods, such as educational programs and technical solutions, should be employed as essential measures for preventing and addressing Cyberbullying

Homogeneous Bubble Nucleation driven by local hot spots: a Molecular Dynamics Study

We report a Molecular Dynamics study of homogenous bubble nucleation in a Lennard-Jones fluid. The rate of bubble nucleation is estimated using forward-flux sampling (FFS). We find that cavitation starts with compact bubbles rather than with ramified structures as had been suggested by Shen and Debenedetti (J. Chem. Phys. 111:3581, 1999). Our estimate of the bubble-nucleation rate is higher than predicted on the basis of Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). Our simulations show that local temperature fluctuations correlate strongly with subsequent bubble formation - this mechanism is not taken into account in CNT

Inorganic molecular sieves: Preparation, modification and industrial application in catalytic processes

[EN] The increasing environmental concern and promotion of “green processes” are forcing the substitution of traditional acid and base homogeneous catalysts by solid ones. Among these heterogeneous catalysts, zeolites and zeotypes can be considered as real “green” catalysts, due to their benign nature from an environmental point of view. The importance of these inorganic molecular sieves within the field of heterogeneous catalysis relies not only on their microporous structure and the related shape selectivity, but also on the flexibility of their chemical composition. Modification of the zeolite framework composition results in materials with acidic, basic or redox properties, whereas multifunctional catalysts can be obtained by introducing metals by ion exchange or impregnation procedures, that can catalyze hydrogenation–dehydrogenation reactions, and the number of commercial applications of zeolite based catalysts is continuously expanding. In this review we discuss determinant issues for the development of zeolite based catalysts, going from zeolite catalyst preparation up to their industrial application. Concerning the synthesis of microporous materials we present some of the new trends moving into larger pore structures or into organic free synthesis media procedures, thanks to the incorporation of novel organic templates or alternative framework elements, and to the use of high-throughput synthesis methods. Post-synthesis zeolite modification and final catalyst conformation for industrial use are briefly discussed. In a last section we give a thorough overview on the application of zeolites in industrial processes. Some of them are well established mature technologies, such as fluid catalytic cracking, hydrocracking or aromatics alkylation. Although the number of zeolite structures commercially used as heterogeneous catalysts in these fields is limited, the development of new catalysts is a continuous challenge due to the need for processing heavier feeds or for increasing the quality of the products. The application of zeolite based catalysts in the production of chemicals and fine chemicals is an emerging field, and will greatly depend on the discovery of new or known structures by alternative, lower cost, synthesis routes, and the fine tuning of their textural properties. Finally, biomass conversion and selective catalytic reduction for conversion of NOx are two active research fields, highlighting the interest in these potential industrial applications.The authors acknowledge financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (project Consolider-Ingenio 2010 MULTICAT).Martínez Sánchez, MC.; Corma Canós, A. (2011). Inorganic molecular sieves: Preparation, modification and industrial application in catalytic processes. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 255(13-14):1558-1580. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.03.014S1558158025513-1

WEB-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING PERCEPTION AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The significance of learners’ personality in language learning/teaching contexts has often been cited in literature but few studies have scrutinized the role it can play in technology-oriented language classes. In modern language teaching/learning contexts, personality differences are important and should be taken into account. This study determined university students’ introvert/extrovert personality types and examined their perception/ attitudes towards web-based language learning. The participants of the study who were selected through purposive sampling were 40 BA students of EFL, 22 female and 18 male. The participants attended blended classes that incorporated use of the Internet (Edublogs). Quantitative data were collected via the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) (1975) and two modified web-based language learning attitude/perception questionnaires (Gilmore, 1998; Slate, Manuel, & Brinson, 2002). Interviews were conducted to reveal insights concerning the advantages/disadvantages of integrating use of the Internet from the participants’ perspectives. T-test analyses did not indicate significant differences in attitudes between extroverts and introverts. Qualitative results indicated most of the participants considered internal, external, and psychological factors associated with the Internet use to be motivating, exciting, and stimulating. The study has implications for teachers and practitioners, particularly in blended, language learning classrooms

Necessity of changes in the Financial and Operational Accountability System of Public Universities and Identification of its Dimensions from the Experts and Academics View

The study is aimed to investigate the necessity of changes in the financial and operational accountability systems of public universities and to identify its dimensions while accepting financial and operational accountability system as a system consisting of various subsystems. This investigation is made  through obtaining views of 40 experts in the field of financial and operational accountability system changes in universities and 90 professors and graduate students of Tehran 's accounting department of public universities. To test the hypotheses, the study uses Binomial test and T-test. The results show that in the views of both groups, changes in financial and operational accountability system are necessary. In view of experts, for independence of universities, development dimensions in the bodies are different from those of other public sectors. Changes in financial and operational accountability system in public universities require a change in its financial accounting system, management accounting system establishment, and development of the financial and compliance audit to performance audit