Aspects of conflicts within the organization

The article focuses on some of the aspects of conflicts within the organization. Issues leading to conflicts are discussed as an integral part of organizational life. The main types of conflicts are characterized. It is emphasized that regardless of the outcome of the conflict, its consequences have a certain impact and that each organization could benefit even from the conflict. There is no universal way of correct resolution, it depends on the conflict itself, the individual characteristics of each of the team members and, above all, the correct approach of the leaders. Failure to listen and downplaying the other side does not solve the problem. The best way out of conflict is solving the problem that caused the conflict

Development and Challenges in Front of Clusters in Bulgaria

The importance of clusters for economic development, competitiveness and innovation is growing, and the diverse nature of cluster initiatives is becoming a popular approach to their creation, validation and development in sectors where both resources and opportunities are available. The elaboration presents the development of the clusters and their role for the modern Bulgarian economy, the conducted national policy in the sphere, the applied instruments in the context of the EU policy. The aim is to present the development of clusters in Bulgaria, highlighting the specificity of the implemented cluster initiatives and defining some challenges for their future development. Increasing competitiveness through cluster development is seen as a key strategic tool for achieving socio-economic development. It is emphasised that the success of cluster initiatives depends on companies and Bulgarian producers, striving through joint efforts to achieve higher competitiveness

Awareness of the visitors of solar studios in Varna and Dobrich about the health risks from their use

Bulgaria is one of the countries with the highest number of cases of skin cancer worldwide. The consequences of intensive exposure to UV radiation are an important health and social issue. Artificial indoor tanning has been offered widely during the last years and this has lead to plenty of discussions mainly related to the risks of the uncontrolled offer of such services, and to the need of safety and health regulations. The purpose of the study is to determine the levels of health risk awareness amongst the clients of solar studios in Varna and Dobrich. A survey was conducted involving 116 people of which 97 women and 19 men. According to the results, only 57.9% have been informed by a cosmetician. Only 70% of the clients have been given regularly instructions for the use of the solarium. Almost one quarter of the participants in the survey stated that they chose a solar studio because of the radiation parameters. More than 50% of the interviewed exposed to artificial UV radiation the zones of their bodies with pigmentary formations while 55.3% of the clients of artificial tan studios naturally have light skin, which means they are exposed to a higher risk of malignant new formations. Based on these results, activities aimed at raising the population`s awareness about the effects of UV radiation and about protection measures, as well as at building habits of safe behavior when using artificial UV radiation sources, should be planned and implemented

Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis

Background: Infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening modern health care. However, estimating their incidence, complications, and attributable mortality is challenging. We aimed to estimate the burden of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria of public health concern in countries of the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) in 2015, measured in number of cases, attributable deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Methods: We estimated the incidence of infections with 16 antibiotic resistance–bacterium combinations from European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) 2015 data that was country-corrected for population coverage. We multiplied the number of bloodstream infections (BSIs) by a conversion factor derived from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control point prevalence survey of health-care-associated infections in European acute care hospitals in 2011–12 to estimate the number of non-BSIs. We developed disease outcome models for five types of infection on the basis of systematic reviews of the literature. Findings: From EARS-Net data collected between Jan 1, 2015, and Dec 31, 2015, we estimated 671 689 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 583 148–763 966) infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, of which 63·5% (426 277 of 671 689) were associated with health care. These infections accounted for an estimated 33 110 (28 480–38 430) attributable deaths and 874 541 (768 837–989 068) DALYs. The burden for the EU and EEA was highest in infants (aged <1 year) and people aged 65 years or older, had increased since 2007, and was highest in Italy and Greece. Interpretation: Our results present the health burden of five types of infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria expressed, for the first time, in DALYs. The estimated burden of infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and EEA is substantial compared with that of other infectious diseases, and has increased since 2007. Our burden estimates provide useful information for public health decision-makers prioritising interventions for infectious diseases

Soil nematodes in the rhizosphere of a metal accumulating plant in a pollution gradient from a non-ferrous metal factory in Bulgaria

Nematodes were studied at sites with low, medium and high level of soil metal contamination in the area of a non-ferrous metal plant. Soil total metal concentrations ranged from values below their maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in soil to 48, 44, 16 and 4 times higher than the MPC for Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu, respectively.  Nematodes were isolated from uncultivated, monoculture stands of the metal accumulating mustard weed (Lepidium draba L., Brassicaceae) in April, May and June 2015. Overall, 55 nematode genera were identified during the investigation: 50 genera at low, 39 at medium, 37 at high levels of soil metal pollution. Several nematode diversity measures and the specific responses of some nematode genera differentiated the three investigated sites. Both nematode richness (S) and diversity (H') of genera correlated negatively with the soil metal concentrations in the following order: Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu. Several genera (Alaimus, Cylindrolaimus, Paramphidelus, Scutylenchus, Steinernema) were common at the least contaminated site and were either rare or not found at the rest of the sites. Some genera (Clarkus, Filenchus) were most abundant at the medium level of contamination. The abundance of eleven genera correlated negatively with the metal concentrations in the samples. Most of the negative correlations (Acrobeles, Coslenchus, Geomonhystera, Plectus) were in the following order: Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu. The abundance of nine genera correlated positively with the metal concentrations and most of their correlations were in the order: Cu>Pb>Zn>Cd. Faunal profile analyses of the free living nematode assemblages revealed higher values of Structure index (SI) at low (75–91%) and medium (77–87%) levels of contamination in comparison with the most polluted site (35–46%). Nematode structure metabolic footprints (SFP) at low and medium levels of contamination were much higher than at the high pollution level. Both SI and SFP at the medium level of metal contamination indicated low bioavailability and low toxicity of Pb (1290 mg kg-1soil), Cd (34 mg kg-1soil), Zn (1779 mg kg-1soil) and Cu (190 mg kg-1soil) for the free-living nematodes, isolated from the rhizosphere of the mustard weed at this site. The rhizosphere of the metal accumulating plant might be protective for these nematodes, providing conditions of reduced bioavailable metals in contaminated soil during the vegetation period of the plants

Massive lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum and the wall of the right atrium mimicking a cardiac tumor (myxoma)

В нашата институция постъпи пациент с диагноза сърдечен тумор, най-вероятно миксом, в дясното предсърдие, открит при ехокардиография. Направи се изследване с кардиомагнитен резонанс, което показва хомогенно мастно съдържание, мастна пролиферация и хипертрофия по стената на дясното предсърдие и междупредсърдната преграда, без обхващане на овалната ямка и имитираща тумор с дефект в изпълването и с лека компресия на долната и горната празна вена. С помощта на техниките на двойна и тройна инверсия, магнитно-резонансната томография може да даде тъканно специфична диагноза, в случая мастно еквивалентна лезия по типа на липом или липоматозна хипертрофия, и по този начин да спести допълнителни изследвания и да предопредели терапевтичния подход. A patient was admitted to our institution with a diagnosis of a cardiac tumor, most likely myxoma, in the right atrium, detected at echocardiography. The cardio-magnetic resonance examination was performed and depicts a homogeneous fatty content, fatty proliferation and hypertrophy along the wall of the right atrium and the interatrial septum, sparing the oval fossa and mimicking a tumor with a filling defect and with slight compression of the inferior and superior vena cava. With the help of double and triple inversion techniques, magnetic resonance imaging can give a tissue-specific diagnosis, in this case a fat-equivalent lesion of the type of lipoma or lipomatous hypertrophy, and thus save additional studies and predetermine the therapeutic approach

Organic Production of Snap Bean in Bulgaria: Pests and Diseases Incidence and Control, Soil Fertility and Yield

Among factors affecting snap bean production in organic growing systems, pests and diseases are of paramount importance. The current study was aimed to determine the impact of organic production practices on snap bean pests and diseases infestation, soil fertility and yield. Five treatments of plants during the whole growing season with a Bordeaux mixture at a dose of 3000 g/ha, provided more than 50 percent protective effect against the development of the bacterial blight Xanthomonas axanopodis pv. phaseoli and anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. In organic fields, commercial bioproducts containing pyrethrins or entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana can be successfully applied to control the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). To limit the attack of bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say), phytopesticide containing pyrethrins can also be used. Against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.), products containing the active ingredient azadirachtin were seen to be effective five days after treatment. Soil amendment with vermicompost at a dose of 2850 L/ha slightly increased the amounts of water-soluble nutrients; however, soil remained nutrient deficient across the growing season. Among the tested Bulgarian varieties, Evros possessed higher yield, and appear to be suitable for organic system than the Tangra variety