Testing the degree of openness of the Greek capital account : a cointegration analysis

The issue of capital mobility and the related issue of financial market integration is one of the most pronounced cases of contradiction between casual empiricism and conventional wisdom, in the one hand, and the results of formal empirical testing on the other. The question of the degree of capital mobility is an important one in economic analysis. This is because the assumptions one makes about the degree to which capital is mobile internationally can significantly influence the conclusions of the analysis. Over the past decade developing countries have experienced a continuing process of financial market liberalization and growing financial flows. Measuring the degree of capital mobility – defined as the degree of linkage between domestic and foreign interest rates – is central to our understanding and assessment of financial liberalization and its consequences. There are some methodological issues concerning the degree of capital mobility: The connection between capital mobility and market integration seems to be clear; if markets are integrated then capital will move more freely. Feldstein and Horioka (1980) have proposed to measure capital mobility using the degree of correlation between saving and investment rates. The Ferdstein-Horioka criterion also implies that capital mobility can be measured on the basis of differential (nominal and real) rates of interest. However, other researchers argued that the saving-investment correlation is not a proper measure of the degree of capital mobility and market integration (Goldstein et al, 1991), Frankel and MacArthur (1988). In this paper, following Edwards and Khan (1985), the domestic interest rate is hypothesized to depend on weighted average of domestic and foreign factos. The approach that was used is maximum likelihood cointegration analysis of Johansen (1988), and Johansen and Juseliu (1990). The results support the impact of both domestic and international influences on the domestic rate in the case of Greek economy. The evidence based on the Edwards and Khan (1985) approach seems to support the hypothesis of high (but not perfect) capital mobility in the Greek economy. The capital is highly mobile.peer-reviewe

Αλλαγή ανέφικτου σκοπού περιουσίας που έχει διατεθεί σε ιδρύματα ή κληροδοτήματα

Στο παρόν πόνημα, όπως και ο τίτλος του υπονοεί, θα εξεταστούν οι προϋποθέσεις υπό τις οποίες δύναται να μεταβληθεί ο σκοπός για τον οποίο έχουν διατεθεί περιουσιακά στοιχεία σε ιδρύματα ή κληροδοτήματα, καθόσον εκείνος ο σκοπός έχει καταστεί ουσιαστικά ανέφικτος (ή έστω δυσχερώς επιτεύξιμος). Με άλλα λόγια, υπό ποιους όρους είναι επιτρεπτή η καλύτερη αξιοποίηση περιουσίας, πέραν της βουλήσεως του προσώπου που την διέθεσε, καθόσον αυτή η βούληση κρίνεται ατελέσφορη.This paper, as its title implies, will examine the conditions under which the purpose for which assets have been allocated to institutions or bequests may be changed, since that purpose has become impracticable (oror at least difficult to achieve). In other words, under what conditions is it permissible to make better use of property, beyond the will of the person who disposed of it, since that will is deemed ineffective

Food contamination with cadmium-A review.

Η συγκέντρωση του καδμίου στο περιβάλλον έχει αυξηθεί σημαντικά τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, ως αποτέλεσμα της διαρκώς αυξανόμενης βιομηχανικής δραστηριότητας. Το κάδμιο από το περιβάλλον μεταφέρεται στην ανθρώπινη διατροφική αλυσίδα και βιοσυγκεντρώνεται σε κάποια είδη τροφίμων όπως τα λαχανικά, τα σιτηρά, το ήπαρ και οι νεφροί των ζώων, τα οστρακόδερμα και τα μαλάκια. Το κάδμιο που προσλαμβάνεται από τα ζώα και τους ανθρώπους συσσωρεύεται κυρίως στο νεφρικό φλοιό οπότε είναι δυνατό να προκαλέσει διάφορες βλάβες στην υγεία τους, όπως νεφρική ανεπάρκεια, εκφύλιση των οστών, τερατογένεση και βλάβες που αφορούν στο γεννητικό σύστημα. Τα εντόσθια των ζώων, τα κεφαλόποδα, τα οστρακόδερμα και τα μαλάκια, παρουσιάζουν τις υψηλότερες συγκεντρώσεις καδμίου διεθνώς και ένας συνεχής έλεγχος τους κρίνεται απαραίτητος για την προστασία των καταναλωτών από υπερβολική έκθεση στο βαρύ αυτό μέταλλο.Levels of cadmium in the environment have drastically increased over the last decades, as a result of human activity. This cadmium pollution is transferred to the human food chain resulting in elevated concentrations in some foods such as vegetables and grain crops, animal liver and kidney and especially seafood. Cadmium ingested by animals and humans, accumulates mainly in the renal cortex and may result in a variety of toxic effects, such as renal damage, bone degeneration and cancer. Taking into account the rather elevated concentrations of cadmium in offal and seafood appearing in the international literature, a continuous control of such products is suggested as necessary in order to protect consumers from any undue exposure to this heavy metal

Determination of antioxidant compounds in foodstuff

© 2017 Scrivener Publishing LLC. Phenolic compounds, vitamins and carotenoids are naturally found in different foodstuff. These antioxidant compounds play an important role in human health and are of interest for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Modern chromatographic and spectrometric techniques have made analysis easier than ever before, but their success depends on the extraction method used. In fact, the different antioxidants are identifified using chromatographic techniques coupled to diff erent specififi c detectors according to the characteristics of each molecule. Beyond their well-known health-promoting effects, antioxidant molecules can also be used to functionalize or preserve the freshness, nutritive value, flflavor and color of foodstuff s, which justify their incorporation into several matrices. In this chapter, the most common antioxidant compounds in foodstuff will be described, as well as the methodologies involved in their extraction, separation, identifification and quantifification. The bioactive properties and industrial applications of these compounds through innovative techniques will also be taken into account.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of ozonation and γ-irradiation on post-harvest decontamination of mussels (<i>Mytillus galloprovincialis</i>) containing diarrhetic shellfish toxins

International audienceContamination of shellfish with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins readily occurs during algal blooms. Such phenomena raise important public health concerns and thus comprise a constant challenge to shellfish farmers, the seafood industry and health services, considering the increasing occurrence of toxic episodes around the world. To avoid the detrimental effects of such episodes, research has focused on the use of various detoxification methodologies which should be rapid, efficient, easy to apply, and will not alter quality and sensory properties of shellfish. In the present study, both ozonation (15 mg kg^-1 for 6 h) and γ-irradiation (6 kGy) have been utilized in order to reduce toxin content of contaminated shucked mussels, collected during the DSP episodes of 2007 and 2009 in Greece. DSP toxicity was detected using the mouse bioassay (MBA) while determination of toxin content of the okadaic acid (OA) group (both free and esterified forms) was conducted by LC/MS/MS analysis. Toxin reduction using γ-irradiation was in the range of 12-36%, 8-53% and 10-41% for free OA, OA esters and total OA respectively. Appearance and texture of irradiated mussels deteriorated, pointing to a low potential for commercial use of this method. Ozonation of mussels resulted in toxin reduction in the range of 6-100%, 25-83% and 21-66% for free OA, OA esters and total OA, respectively. Reduction of OA content was substantially higher in homogenized mussel tissue, compared to that of whole shucked mussels. In addition, differences detected with regard to quality parameters (TBA, sensory attributes) between ozonated and control mussels were not considerable. Eventhough varying % reductions in OA and its derivatives were achieved using ozonation under specific experimental conditions tested, it is postulated that upon optimization, ozonation may have the potential for post-harvest commercial DSP detoxification of shucked mussels

Food contamination with cadmium-A review.

Η συγκέντρωση του καδμίου στο περιβάλλον έχει αυξηθεί σημαντικά τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, ως αποτέλεσμα της διαρκώς αυξανόμενης βιομηχανικής δραστηριότητας. Το κάδμιο από το περιβάλλον μεταφέρεται στην ανθρώπινη διατροφική αλυσίδα και βιοσυγκεντρώνεται σε κάποια είδη τροφίμων όπως τα λαχανικά, τα σιτηρά, το ήπαρ και οι νεφροί των ζώων, τα οστρακόδερμα και τα μαλάκια. Το κάδμιο που προσλαμβάνεται από τα ζώα και τους ανθρώπους συσσωρεύεται κυρίως στο νεφρικό φλοιό οπότε είναι δυνατό να προκαλέσει διάφορες βλάβες στην υγεία τους, όπως νεφρική ανεπάρκεια, εκφύλιση των οστών, τερατογένεση και βλάβες που αφορούν στο γεννητικό σύστημα. Τα εντόσθια των ζώων, τα κεφαλόποδα, τα οστρακόδερμα και τα μαλάκια, παρουσιάζουν τις υψηλότερες συγκεντρώσεις καδμίου διεθνώς και ένας συνεχής έλεγχος τους κρίνεται απαραίτητος για την προστασία των καταναλωτών από υπερβολική έκθεση στο βαρύ αυτό μέταλλο.Levels of cadmium in the environment have drastically increased over the last decades, as a result of human activity. This cadmium pollution is transferred to the human food chain resulting in elevated concentrations in some foods such as vegetables and grain crops, animal liver and kidney and especially seafood. Cadmium ingested by animals and humans, accumulates mainly in the renal cortex and may result in a variety of toxic effects, such as renal damage, bone degeneration and cancer. Taking into account the rather elevated concentrations of cadmium in offal and seafood appearing in the international literature, a continuous control of such products is suggested as necessary in order to protect consumers from any undue exposure to this heavy metal

Soins palliatifs (perspectives et enjeux pour 2005)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF