Numerical simulation of the ALBA’s synchrotron cooling system response to pump start-up and shut-down

This project consists of the development and validation of a numerical model to simulate transient responses of the ALBA’s synchrotron cooling system. In particular, the work aims at studying the pumping system start-up and stop in order to detect possible problems that can lead to piping failures. The project focus on the hydrodynamic response of the cooling system, which is part of the activities integrated in a stability and reliability plan promoted by CELLS (Consortium for the Exploitation of the Synchrotron Light Laboratory). Flowmaster is the 1D thermo-fluid simulation software that has been used to model the cooling system to detect dangerous pressure peaks and flow oscillations when operation conditions of the pumping stations are suddenly changed. The first part of this project has been involved in learning and familiarizing with Flowmaster program in order to perform correctly the simulations. Simple models have been designed to understand and learn the properties and the response influence of the components and model set-up. The second part has involved the simulations of the actual cooling system. A model available from preliminary studies has been modified to take into account compressibility effects by replacing and adding the adequate components. In addition, it has also been necessary to create scripts and to introduce and make changes in the PID controllers in order to simulate the real ALBA synchrotron pumping system startup/stop procedures. The normal start-up maneuver of the pumping system has been simulated and the fluid dynamic response has been analyzed. The results indicate the generation of significant pressure rises. To mitigate them, changes to the PID controller parameters have been proposed that improve the transient behavior reducing such peaks. The simulation and analysis of pumps’ shutdowns due to unexpected failures has served to identify the consequences on the system behavior and to prevent possible life-reduction conditions. The calculations have been carried out without and with simultaneous thermal regulation. For example, the results indicate that when the thermal regulation is on the consequences of the simultaneous shut-down of all pumps are mitigated. Finally, the effect of air in the pipes has been analyzed during a pump shut-down and it has been confirmed that the transient pressure fluctuations predicted in the system are modified

Continuous matrix product states for coupled fields: Application to Luttinger Liquids and quantum simulators

A way of constructing continuous matrix product states (cMPS) for coupled fields is presented here. The cMPS is a variational \emph{ansatz} for the ground state of quantum field theories in one dimension. Our proposed scheme is based in the physical interpretation in which the cMPS class can be produced by means of a dissipative dynamic of a system interacting with a bath. We study the case of coupled bosonic fields. We test the method with previous DMRG results in coupled Lieb Liniger models. Besides, we discuss a novel application for characterizing the Luttinger liquid theory emerging in the low energy regime of these theories. Finally, we propose a circuit QED architecture as a quantum simulator for coupled fields.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Diseño de un sistema de instrumentación para medir la humedad del café en el secado solar

La relevancia del sector cafetero en Colombia podrá ser directamente relacionada a los indicadores que resaltan la importancia social y económica del país, empleando cerca de 785 mil colombianos en el sector cafetero lo que correspondería al 26% del total del empleo agrícola del territorio. La caficultura colombiana es el resultado de una larga tradición que se ha transmitido y mantenido viva de generación en generación, reflejado en la calidad de su producto desarrollado; y que equivale a unas condiciones óptimas geográficas y climáticas privilegiadas, la dedicación de los productores en cada etapa de producción, estrictos controles que garantizan el origen y la calidad del grano que permite la sostenibilidad económica, social y ambiental de la sociedad cafetera. La calidad del café depende principalmente de los factores y procesos que varían según la especie, la sanidad, los frutos y granos del café; no obstante, también es influenciado por los controles y cuidados durante el cultivo, secado, almacenamiento, comercialización y preparación

Adaptación de un moto-reductor como banco de pruebas, para evaluar la resistencia al desgaste en transmisiónes sinfín-corona

El propósito general de este proyecto consistió en adaptar y poner a punto un banco experimental mediante el cual sea posible evaluar la resistencia al desgaste en un reductor de velocidad de transmisión sinfín-corona. El desarrollo de este trabajo se realizó partiendo de una revisión teórica, que abarcó los principios y fundamentos que rigen el estudio del desgaste en transmisiones mecánicas; para este proyecto se requirió diseñar y construir subsistemas mecánicos que adaptados al reductor de velocidad, permitiera generar un banco de carga portante para un reductor de baja potencia, el cual permitirá estudiar el comportamiento de sus componentes frente al desgaste. Para la construcción del banco de pruebas se utilizó un conjunto moto-reductor de transmisión sinfín-corona, con ruedas helicoidales, un conjunto freno de disco-mordaza, instrumentos de medición tales como una celda de carga con indicador de peso, una termocupla con multímetro, entre otros, disponibles en el laboratorio de motores de la universidad o adquiridos comercialmente

Digital marketing actions that achieve a better attraction and loyalty of users: an analytical study

Currently, the digital economy contributes decisively to an increase in competitiveness, especially as a digital transformation involves migrating to new technological models where digital marketing is a key part of growth and user loyalty strategies. Internet and Digital Marketing have become important factors in campaigns, which attract and retain Internet users. This study aims to identify the main ways in which users can be gained and retained by using Digital Marketing. The Delphi method with in-depth interviews was the methodology used in this study. The results of the research show the most important actions for achieving user recruitment and loyalty with Digital Marketing from the opinions of consulted experts. The limitations of this study are those related to the number of experts included in the study, and the number of research papers consulted in the literature review. The literature review and the results of this research are used to propose new solid research with a consolidated critical methodology. This research deals with a new approach that will optimize web technologies for the evolution of user trends, and therefore, will be of academic and professional use for marketing managers and web solution developers. The conclusions of the investigation show the key factors, discarding others that do not affect the optimization of conversions in B2C businesses such as the duration of the session and the rebound percentage. Likewise, the results of the research identify the specific actions that must be carried out to attract and retain users in B2C companies that use the Digital Marketing ecosystem on the Internet. The requirements for companies that wish to implement a model to optimize conversions using the current digital economy are also shown.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stationary discrete solitons in circuit QED

We demonstrate that stationary localized solutions (discrete solitons) exist in a one dimensional Bose-Hubbard lattices with gain and loss in the semiclassical regime. Stationary solutions, by defi- nition, are robust and do not demand for state preparation. Losses, unavoidable in experiments, are not a drawback, but a necessary ingredient for these modes to exist. The semiclassical calculations are complemented with their classical limit and dynamics based on a Gutzwiller Ansatz. We argue that circuit QED architectures are ideal platforms for realizing the physics developed here. Finally, within the input-output formalism, we explain how to experimentally access the different phases, including the solitons, of the chain.Comment: 10 pages including appendix, 7 figure

Control del mantenimiento de la vegetación en el sistema de distribución eléctrico

Con el paso de las generaciones, el desarrollo de las sociedades conformadas por el hombre, trae consigo un conjunto de bienes y servicios que influyen en la calidad de vida de las personas. El acceso a servicios domiciliarios de energía, agua, alcantarillado, telefonía, gas natural entre otros, lleva como consecuencia una compleja red subterránea y aérea, para su mantenimiento y distribución que debe adaptarse en buena forma a las zonas urbanas. Existen factores externos que contribuyen a un estilo de vida confortable y a su vez ayudan al desarrollo permanente de la sociedad, como contar con un buen servicio de iluminación pública y zonas verdes dentro de la ciudad que ayudan a armonizar el paisaje urbano. La presencia de espacios verdes, es importante por el impacto ecológico, porque brinda beneficios tales como mitigación del ruido, la reducción de la contaminación en el medio ambiente, regulación de la temperatura, disminución de la velocidad del viento, evita la seca de los ríos, brinda sombra creando un espacio agradable, otorga vivienda y alimento a la avifauna urbana, entre otras [21]. Las zonas verdes son parte vital e importante en espacios públicos para generar un ambiente cálido y ameno, aliviando la congestión que se vive diariamente. Por este motivo la Organización Mundial para la Salud aconseja un mínimo de 12 metros cuadrados de zona verde por habitante

La radiología en las publicaciones periódicas de la disciplina enfermera.

Sin resume

Systematic literature review: Quantum machine learning and its applications

Quantum physics has changed the way we understand our environment, and one of its branches, quantum mechanics, has demonstrated accurate and consistent theoretical results. Quantum computing is the process of performing calculations using quantum mechanics. This field studies the quantum behavior of certain subatomic particles (photons, electrons, etc.) for subsequent use in performing calculations, as well as for large-scale information processing. These advantages are achieved through the use of quantum features, such as entanglement or superposition. These capabilities can give quantum computers an advantage in terms of computational time and cost over classical computers. Nowadays, scientific challenges are impossible to perform by classical computation due to computational complexity (more bytes than atoms in the observable universe) or the time it would take (thousands of years), and quantum computation is the only known answer. However, current quantum devices do not have yet the necessary qubits and are not fault-tolerant enough to achieve these goals. Nonetheless, there are other fields like machine learning, finance, or chemistry where quantum computation could be useful with current quantum devices. This manuscript aims to present a review of the literature published between 2017 and 2023 to identify, analyze, and classify the different types of algorithms used in quantum machine learning and their applications. The methodology follows the guidelines related to Systematic Literature Review methods, such as the one proposed by Kitchenham and other authors in the software engineering field. Consequently, this study identified 94 articles that used quantum machine learning techniques and algorithms and shows their implementation using computational quantum circuits or ansatzs. The main types of found algorithms are quantum implementations of classical machine learning algorithms, such as support vector machines or the k-nearest neighbor model, and classical deep learning algorithms, like quantum neural networks. One of the most relevant applications in the machine learning field is image classification. Many articles, especially within the classification, try to solve problems currently answered by classical machine learning but using quantum devices and algorithms. Even though results are promising, quantum machine learning is far from achieving its full potential. An improvement in quantum hardware is required for this potential to be achieved since the existing quantum computers lack enough quality, speed, and scale to allow quantum computing to achieve its full potential

Single photons by quenching the vacuum

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle implies that the quantum vacuum is not empty but fluctuates. These fluctuations can be converted into radiation through nonadiabatic changes in the Hamiltonian. Here, we discuss how to control this vacuum radiation, engineering a single-photon emitter out of a two-level system (2LS) ultrastrongly coupled to a finite-band waveguide in a vacuum state. More precisely, we show the 2LS nonlinearity shapes the vacuum radiation into a nonGaussian superposition of even and odd cat states. When the 2LS bare frequency lays within the band gaps, this emission can be well approximated by individual photons. This picture is confirmed by a characterization of the ground and bound states, and a study of the dynamics with matrix product states and polaron Hamiltonian methods.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure