338 research outputs found
Efeito de adubos potássicos na produção de soja
Experiments of potassium fertilizers (KC1, K2SO4, K-Mag and vinasse) were conducted in four types of soil: Ortho Red Yellow Podzolic (PV), Dusky distrophic Latosol (LR), Dark Red medium texture Latosol (LE), and Red Yellow medium texture Latosol (LV). The first three fertilizers were applied broadcast at the rate of 150kg/ha of K2O in the first year, whereas vinasse was applied annually at the rate of 50,000 1/ha just before planting soybeans. The results showed that there was a decrease in the concentration of potassium, both in the soil and leaves, anually, during the three years for all four soils. There was a positive response in the yield of soybeans to potassium in the LV soil on the second year and in the PV soil on the third year, however no diferences among potassium fertilizers was observed. The cultivar IAC-9 showed its high capacity to extract not only K but also Ca and Mg.Um experimento de adubos potássicos (KC1, K2SO4, K-Mag e vinhaça) foi conduzido durante três anos agrícolas em quatro classes de solo: Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo Orto (PV), Latossolo Roxo distrófico (LR), Latossolo Vermelho Escuro textura média (LE) e Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo textura média (LV). Os três primeiros adubos foram aplicados somente no primeiro cultivo da soja na dose de 150kg/ha de K2O a lanço e incorporados, enquanto a vinhaça foi aplicada anualmente na dose de 50.000 l/ha, um pouco antes de semeadura da soja. Os resultados mostraram que os cultivos sucessivos diminuíram gradativamente os teores de potássio tanto no solo como nas folhas. No segundo ano de cultivo em LV houve respostas positivas da cultura da soja ao uso de potássio, enquanto em PV, no terceiro ano. Entretanto, não se observaram diferenças entre os adubos. O cultivar IAC-9 mostrou alta capacidade extratora de K como de Ca e Mg
Indução de mutação visando a redução de altura de planta e resistência às doenças no cultivar de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) IAC-17
The objective of the present research was to obtain mutants with reduced plant height and resistance to diseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety IAC-17, through gamma-irradiation. Seeds were irradiated with gamma-rays (35 krad) and the selection was started in the M2 generation. Three selected lines were compared to the control IAC-17 during three years, in seven trials carried out in several localities under or without irrigation. One mutant line showed significant reduction in plant height, less lodging and increased resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) This mutant also showed the same yield, yield components, tolerance to aluminium, cycle and reaction to Helminthosporium sativum, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, P. recondita as the original variety. The results indicated the usefulness of the mutation breeding method to correct defects of simple inherited characters in oustanding commercial varieties.A redução na altura da planta e obtenção de resistência às doenças foi experimentada através da indução de mutação por raios-gama na variedade de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) IAC-17. Sementes foram irradiadas com 35 krad e a partir da geração M2 iniciou-se a seleção. Três das linhagens selecionadas foram comparadas com o cultivar original IAC-17, durante três anos, em sete ensaios avançados realizados em vários locais, em condição de sequeiro e irrigação. Os resultados demonstraram a obtenção de um mutante que apresentou redução na altura da planta, tendência de sofrer menos acamamento e maior resistência a oídio (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici). As demais características agronômicas avaliadas, tais como produção de grãos e seus componentes, reação ao Helminthosporium sativum, causador da mancha das folhas, reação a Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (ferrugem do colmo) e P. recôndita (ferrugem da folha), tolerância a alumínio e ciclo permaneceram inalteradas em relação a IAC-17. Os resultados indicaram a utilidade da indução de mutações por raios gama para a correção de defeitos de caracteres de herança simples em variedades elites
The balance of power: accretion and feedback in stellar mass black holes
In this review we discuss the population of stellar-mass black holes in our
galaxy and beyond, which are the extreme endpoints of massive star evolution.
In particular we focus on how we can attempt to balance the available accretion
energy with feedback to the environment via radiation, jets and winds,
considering also possible contributions to the energy balance from black hole
spin and advection. We review quantitatively the methods which are used to
estimate these quantities, regardless of the details of the astrophysics close
to the black hole. Once these methods have been outlined, we work through an
outburst of a black hole X-ray binary system, estimating the flow of mass and
energy through the different accretion rates and states. While we focus on
feedback from stellar mass black holes in X-ray binary systems, we also
consider the applicability of what we have learned to supermassive black holes
in active galactic nuclei. As an important control sample we also review the
coupling between accretion and feedback in neutron stars, and show that it is
very similar to that observed in black holes, which strongly constrains how
much of the astrophysics of feedback can be unique to black holes.Comment: To be published in Haardt et al. Astrophysical Black Holes. Lecture
Notes in Physics. Springer 201
D* Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA
This paper presents measurements of D^{*\pm} production in deep inelastic
scattering from collisions between 27.5 GeV positrons and 820 GeV protons. The
data have been taken with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The decay channel
(+ c.c.) has been used in the study. The
cross section for inclusive D^{*\pm} production with
and is 5.3 \pms 1.0 \pms 0.8 nb in the kinematic region
{ GeV and }. Differential cross
sections as functions of p_T(D^{*\pm}), and are
compared with next-to-leading order QCD calculations based on the photon-gluon
fusion production mechanism. After an extrapolation of the cross section to the
full kinematic region in p_T(D^{*\pm}) and (D^{*\pm}), the charm
contribution to the proton structure function is
determined for Bjorken between 2 10 and 5 10.Comment: 17 pages including 4 figure
Search for lepton-flavor violation at HERA
A search for lepton-flavor-violating interactions and has been performed with the ZEUS detector using the entire HERA I
data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 130 pb^{-1}. The data
were taken at center-of-mass energies, , of 300 and 318 GeV. No
evidence of lepton-flavor violation was found, and constraints were derived on
leptoquarks (LQs) that could mediate such interactions. For LQ masses below
, limits were set on , where
is the coupling of the LQ to an electron and a
first-generation quark , and is the branching ratio of
the LQ to the final-state lepton ( or ) and a quark . For
LQ masses much larger than , limits were set on the four-fermion
interaction term for LQs that couple to an electron and a quark
and to a lepton and a quark , where and are
quark generation indices. Some of the limits are also applicable to
lepton-flavor-violating processes mediated by squarks in -Parity-violating
supersymmetric models. In some cases, especially when a higher-generation quark
is involved and for the process , the ZEUS limits are the most
stringent to date.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by EPJC. References and 1 figure (Fig.
6) adde
Observation of hard scattering in photoproduction events with a large rapidity gap at HERA
Events with a large rapidity gap and total transverse energy greater than 5
GeV have been observed in quasi-real photoproduction at HERA with the ZEUS
detector. The distribution of these events as a function of the
centre of mass energy is consistent with diffractive scattering. For total
transverse energies above 12 GeV, the hadronic final states show predominantly
a two-jet structure with each jet having a transverse energy greater than 4
GeV. For the two-jet events, little energy flow is found outside the jets. This
observation is consistent with the hard scattering of a quasi-real photon with
a colourless object in the proton.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 4 figures appended as uuencoded fil
Multijet production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA and determination of alpha_s
Multijet production rates in neutral current deep inelastic scattering have
been measured in the range of exchanged boson virtualities 10 < Q2 < 5000 GeV2.
The data were taken at the ep collider HERA with centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s)
= 318 GeV using the ZEUS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of
82.2 pb-1. Jets were identified in the Breit frame using the k_T cluster
algorithm in the longitudinally invariant inclusive mode. Measurements of
differential dijet and trijet cross sections are presented as functions of jet
transverse energy E_{T,B}{jet}, pseudorapidity eta_{LAB}{jet} and Q2 with
E_{T,B}{jet} > 5 GeV and -1 < eta_{LAB}{jet} < 2.5. Next-to-leading-order QCD
calculations describe the data well. The value of the strong coupling constant
alpha_s(M_Z), determined from the ratio of the trijet to dijet cross sections,
is alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1179 pm 0.0013(stat.) {+0.0028}_{-0.0046}(exp.)
{+0.0064}_{-0.0046}(th.)Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Measurement of (anti)deuteron and (anti)proton production in DIS at HERA
The first observation of (anti)deuterons in deep inelastic scattering at HERA
has been made with the ZEUS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 300--318 GeV
using an integrated luminosity of 120 pb-1. The measurement was performed in
the central rapidity region for transverse momentum per unit of mass in the
range 0.3<p_T/M<0.7. The particle rates have been extracted and interpreted in
terms of the coalescence model. The (anti)deuteron production yield is smaller
than the (anti)proton yield by approximately three orders of magnitude,
consistent with the world measurements.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, submitted to Nucl. Phys.
Photoproduction of mesons associated with a leading neutron
The photoproduction of mesons associated with a leading
neutron has been observed with the ZEUS detector in collisions at HERA
using an integrated luminosity of 80 pb. The neutron carries a large
fraction, {}, of the incoming proton beam energy and is detected at
very small production angles, { mrad}, an indication of
peripheral scattering. The meson is centrally produced with
pseudorapidity {
GeV}, which is large compared to the average transverse momentum of the neutron
of 0.22 GeV. The ratio of neutron-tagged to inclusive production is
in the photon-proton
center-of-mass energy range { GeV}. The data suggest that the
presence of a hard scale enhances the fraction of events with a leading neutron
in the final state.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
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