CMS Offline Conditions Framework and Services

Non-event data describing detector conditions change with time and come from different data sources. They are accessible by physicists within the offline event-processing applications for precise calibration of reconstructed data as well as for data-quality control purposes. Over the past years CMS has developed and deployed a software system managing such data. Object-relational mapping and the relational abstraction layer of the LHC persistency framework are the foundation; the offline conditions framework updates and delivers C++ data objects according to their validity. A high-level tag versioning system allows production managers to organize data in hierarchical view. A scripting API in python, command-line tools and a web service serve physicists in daily work. A mini-framework is available for handling data coming from external sources. Efficient data distribution over the worldwide network is guaranteed by a system of hierarchical web caches. The system has been tested and used in all major productions, test-beams and cosmic runs

The POOL Data Storage, Cache and Conversion Mechanism

The POOL data storage mechanism is intended to satisfy the needs of the LHC experiments to store and analyze the data from the detector response of particle collisions at the LHC proton-proton collider. Both the data rate and the data volumes will largely differ from the past experience. The POOL data storage mechanism is intended to be able to cope with the experiment's requirements applying a flexible multi technology data persistency mechanism. The developed technology independent approach is flexible enough to adopt new technologies, take advantage of existing schema evolution mechanisms and allows users to access data in a technology independent way. The framework consists of several components, which can be individually adopted and integrated into existing experiment frameworks.Comment: Talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 5 pages, PDF, 6 figures. PSN MOKT00

Persistent storage of non-event data in the CMS databases

In the CMS experiment, the non event data needed to set up the detector, or being produced by it, and needed to calibrate the physical responses of the detector itself are stored in ORACLE databases. The large amount of data to be stored, the number of clients involved and the performance requirements make the database system an essential service for the experiment to run. This note describes the CMS condition database architecture, the data-flow and PopCon, the tool built in order to populate the offline databases. Finally, the first results obtained during the 2008 and 2009 cosmic data taking are presented.In the CMS experiment, the non event data needed to set up the detector, or being produced by it, and needed to calibrate the physical responses of the detector itself are stored in ORACLE databases. The large amount of data to be stored, the number of clients involved and the performance requirements make the database system an essential service for the experiment to run. This note describes the CMS condition database architecture, the data-flow and PopCon, the tool built in order to populate the offline databases. Finally, the first experience obtained during the 2008 and 2009 cosmic data taking are presented

Determining the Characteristics of Diluted Wastewater in the Lagoon

“Drink a minimum of two litres or eight glasses of 8 liquid ounces daily” is a statement with which we are all familiar; it is the recommendation by the UK Food Standard Agency (FSA), corroborated by the US-EPA (UKFSA 2002, & USEPA, 1945). However in Ghana, the Chemu Lagoon remains a main source of drinking water, while there is direct waste discharge from Tema Oil Refinery, with neither the management nor the government at large finding solutions to health risks it pose. It is in this interest that this study is aimed at analysing the extent of impurities and designing a filtration system which can be used for filtering diluted water of its type. Samples of the wastewater discharge as well as diluted lagoon water were analysed to determine its chlorine level, turbidity, etc. Having confirmed the presence of the impurities in the water, a filtration system was designed to serve as a means of purifying the water. A CFD/FloXpress analysis was carried out to determine the suitability of the filtration system while analysis of filtered water also confirmed that, production of the filters could help in enhancing the purification of the diluted Chemu lagoon and similar water system. Keywords: Chemu, Pollution, Turbidimeter

Design of a Model Filtration System and Performing CFD/ Floxpress Analysis on It

With regard to earlier experiment conducted to determine the characteristics of diluted waste water, a confirmation was obtained experienced by the levels shown using the litmus paper. This then provided a basis for the design of the filtration system which was simulated to ascertain its suitability. This can be said by “drink a minimum of two litres or eight glasses of 8 liquid ounces daily” is a statement with which we are all familiar; it is the recommendation by the UK Food Standard Agency (FSA), corroborated by the US-EPA (UKFSA 2002, & USEPA, 1945).  In the high-pressure pipeline, the water energy may dissipate after flowing through the channels and the flow rate can be controlled to meet the water need of the life. To ensure the emitter’s hydraulic performance, before the fabrication of emitter, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to predict emitter’s flow rate and analyze its hydraulic performance under various water pressures. The quality of the emitter has an important effect on the reliability, life span of the drip irrigation system and irrigation quality. Usually, the structure of the emitter channel is very complex with a dimension. A CFD/FloXpress analysis was carried out to determine the suitability of the filtration system while analysis of filtered water also confirmed that, production of the filters could help in enhancing the purification of the diluted Chemu lagoon and similar water system( Ing. Govi and Gablah, 2015). Keywords: Carbon, Concentration, Filtration, Irrigatio

Measurement of K^0_e3 form factors

The semileptonic decay of the neutral K meson, KL -> pi e nu (Ke3), was used to study the strangeness-changing weak interaction of hadrons. A sample of 5.6 million reconstructed events recorded by the NA48 experiment was used to measure the Dalitz plot density. Admitting all possible Lorentz-covariant couplings, the form factors for vector (f_+(q^2)), scalar (f_S) and tensor (f_T) interactions were measured. The linear slope of the vector form factor lambda_+ = 0.0284+-0.0007+-0.0013 and values for the ratios |f_S/f_+(0)| = 0.015^{+0.007}_{-0.010}+-0.012 and |f_T/f_+(0)| = 0.05^{+0.03}_{-0.04}+-0.03 were obtained. The values for f_S and f_T are consistent with zero. Assuming only Vector-Axial vector couplings, lambda_+ = 0.0288+-0.0004+-0.0011 and a good fit consistent with pure V-A couplings were obtained. Alternatively, a fit to a dipole form factor yields a pole mass of M = 859+-18 MeV, consistent with the K^*(892) mass.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures. submitted to Phys. Lett.

POOL development status and production experience

The pool of persistent objects for LHC (POOL) project, part of the large Hadron collider (LHC) computing grid (LCG), is now entering its third year of active development. POOL provides the baseline persistency framework for three LHC experiments. It is based on a strict component model, insulating experiment software from a variety of storage technologies. This paper gives a brief overview of the POOL architecture, its main design principles and the experience gained with integration into LHC experiment frameworks. It also presents recent developments in the POOL works areas of relational database abstraction and object storage into relational database management systems (RDBMS) systems

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Space charge in ionization detectors and the NA48 electromagnetic calorimeter

The subject of space charge due to positive ions slowly moving in parallel plate ionization chambers is considered. A model for the degradation of the detector response is developed, with particular emphasis on electromagnetic calorimeters. The topics discussed include: (a) the stationary and (b) the time dependent cases; (c) the limit of very large space charge; (d) the electric field dependence of the electron drift velocity; (e) the effect of longitudinal development of showers; (f) the behavior of the average reductions of response and (g) the non-uniformity of response for different positions of the shower axis inside the cell defined by the electrodes. The NA48 calorimeter is used as application and for comparison of results

Addressing challenges in industrial pick and place: A deep learning-based 6 Degrees-of-Freedom pose estimation solution

Object picking is a fundamental, long-lasting, and yet unsolved problem in industrial applications. To complete it, 6 Degrees-of-Freedom pose estimation can be crucial. This task, easy for humans, is a challenge for machines as it involves multiple intelligent processes (for example object detection, recognition, pose prediction). Pose estimation has recently made huge steps forward, due to the advent of Deep Learning. However, in real-world applications it is not trivial to compute it: each use-case needs an annotated dataset and a model robust enough to face its specific challenges. In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation focused on a specific use-case: the picking of four industrial objects by a collaborative robot's arm, addressing challenges related to reflective textures and pose ambiguities of heterogeneous shapes. Thus, Artificial Intelligence is crucial in this process, utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks to discern an object's pose by extracting hierarchical features from a single image. In detail, we propose a new synthetic dataset of industrial objects and a fine-tuning method to close the sim-to-real domain gap. In addition, we improved an existing pipeline for pose estimation and introduced a new version of an existing method, based on Convolutional Neural Networks. Finally, extensive experiments were conducted with a Universal Robot UR5e. Results show our strategy achieves good performances with an average successful picking rate of 75% on these new objects. Considering the lack of available datasets for pose estimation, coupled with the significant time and labor required for annotating new images, we contribute to the scientific community by providing a comprehensive dataset, and the associated generation and estimation pipelines.1