Efeitos da decomposição do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar na capacidade de retenção de água num latossolo vermelho amarelo.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação da vinhaça, complementada ou não com nitrogênio, e de um produto biológico, na decomposição dos restos culturais provenientes da colheita de cana crua, na capacidade de retenção de água do solo na primeira e segunda socas, da variedade de cana-de-açúcar SP80-1842, na Usina da Pedra, localizada em Serrana, Estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizado o delineamento em Blocos Casualisados, em quatro repetições. A parcela foi constituída de seis linhas de cana-de-açúcar, espaçadas com 1,50 m entre si, com um comprimento total de 12,00 m. Os tratamentos estudados envolveram a aplicação de vinhaça, enriquecida ou não com nitrogênio e um biodecompositor. As características físicas do solo não foram alteradas pela aplicação da vinhaça, nitrogênio ou decompositor biológico.Organizado por Adilson de Oliveira Junior, Regina Maria Villas Bôas de Campos Leite, César de Castro, Fábio Álvares de Oliveira, Odilon Ferreira Saraiva

Efeitos da vinhaça, complementação nitrogenada e biológica nas características químicas de um solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar.

Cada vez mais, a colheita da cana-de-açúcar está ocorrendo de forma mecanizada, e como resultado, deixa distribuído sobre o terreno o palhiço, que, uma vez decomposto, pode oferecer resultados significativos em relação à quantidade de nutrientes no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da aplicação da vinhaça, complementada ou não com nitrogênio e um produto biológico, na decomposição dos restos culturais remanescentes da colheita mecanizada de cana crua, nas características químicas de um solo Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar, na primeira e segunda soqueira. O experimento foi conduzido a partir de julho de 1997. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os seis tratamentos envolveram o palhiço restante da colheita, vinhaça, nitrogênio e decompositor. Foram avaliadas as principais características químicas do solo em três anos consecutivos e em duas profundidades. A aplicação de vinhaça sobre o palhiço proporcionou aumento significativo apenas do teor de potássio no solo, nas duas profundidades e épocas estudadas.Disponível em fontes diferente: In: SIMPÓSIO DE CIÊNCIAS DA UNESP DRACENA 4.; ENCONTRO DE ZOOTECNIA UNESP DRACENA, 5., 2008, Dracena. Anais... Dracena: UNESP, 2008

Conhecendo a fenologia do feijoeiro e seus aspectos fitotécnicos.

Apresentação. Hábitos de crescimento do feijoeiro. Estádios de desenvolvimento da planta de feijoeiro. Pragas. Doenças. Necessidade hídrica. Deficiência hídrica. Exigências nutricionais. Deficiências nutricionais. Referências. Literatura recomendada.bitstream/item/173690/1/CNPAF-2018-lvfeijoeiro.pd

Chronic Helminth Infections Protect Against Allergic Diseases by Active Regulatory Processes

Developed countries are suffering from an epidemic rise in immunologic disorders, such as allergy-related diseases and certain autoimmunities. Several studies have demonstrated a negative association between helminth infections and inflammatory diseases (eg, allergy), providing a strong case for the involvement of helminth infections in this respect. However, some studies point in the opposite direction. The discrepancy may be explained by differences in frequency, dose, time, and type of helminth. In this review, new studies are discussed that may support the concept that chronic helminth infections in particular—but not acute infections—are associated with the expression of regulatory networks necessary for downmodulating allergic immune responses to harmless antigens. Furthermore, different components of regulatory networks are highlighted, such as the role of regulatory T and B cells, modulation of dendritic cells, early innate signals from structural cells (eg, epithelial cells), and their individual contributions to protection against allergic diseases. It is of great interest to define and characterize specific helminth molecules that have profound immunomodulatory capacities as targets for therapeutic application in the treatment or prophylaxis of allergic manifestations

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

12,500+ and counting: biodiversity of the Brazilian Pampa.

Knowledge on biodiversity is fundamental for conservation strategies. The Brazilian Pampa region, located in subtropical southern Brazil, is neglected in terms of conservation, and knowledge of its biodiversity is fragmented. We aim to answer the question: how many, and which, species occur in the Brazilian Pampa? In a collaborative effort, we built species lists for plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that occur in the Brazilian Pampa. We included information on distribution patterns, main habitat types, and conservation status. Our study resulted in referenced lists totaling 12,503 species (12,854 taxa, when considering infraspecific taxonomic categories [or units]). Vascular plants amount to 3,642 species (including 165 Pteridophytes), while algae have 2,046 species (2,378 taxa) and bryophytes 316 species (318 taxa). Fungi (incl. lichenized fungi) contains 1,141 species (1,144 taxa). Animals total 5,358 species (5,372 taxa). Among the latter, vertebrates comprise 1,136 species, while invertebrates are represented by 4,222 species. Our data indicate that, according to current knowledge, the Pampa holds approximately 9% of the Brazilian biodiversity in an area of little more than 2% of Brazil’s total land. The proportion of species restricted to the Brazilian Pampa is low (with few groups as exceptions), as it is part of a larger grassland ecoregion and in a transitional climatic setting. Our study yielded considerably higher species numbers than previously known for many species groups; for some, it provides the first published compilation. Further efforts are needed to increase knowledge in the Pampa and other regions of Brazil. Considering the strategic importance of biodiversity and its conservation, appropriate government policies are needed to fund studies on biodiversity, create accessible and constantly updated biodiversity databases, and consider biodiversity in school curricula and other outreach activities

Rendimento de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar provenientes de primeira soqueira, colhida sem queima e tratada com vinhaça, complementação nitrogenada e biodecompositor.

Editado por: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, Rogério Peres Soratto, Edivaldo D. Vellini, Marcelo de A. Silva, Raffaella Rossetto