Implications of MMP9 for Blood Brain Barrier Disruption and Hemorrhagic Transformation Following Ischemic Stroke.

Numerous studies have documented increases in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-9 levels following stroke, with such perturbations associated with disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), increased risk of hemorrhagic complications, and worsened outcome. Despite this, controversy remains as to which cells release MMP-9 at the normal and pathological BBB, with even less clarity in the context of stroke. This may be further complicated by the influence of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment. The aim of the present review is to examine the relationship between neutrophils, MMP-9 and tPA following ischemic stroke to elucidate which cells are responsible for the increases in MMP-9 and resultant barrier changes and hemorrhage observed following stroke

Periodontal Health Knowledge and Smoking are Associated with Periodontal Treatment Need according to Tooth Brushing Levels

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether periodontal health knowledge is associated with frequency of tooth brushing and periodontal treatment need. Methods: Four hundred and two subjects participated in the study. Data on sociodemographic vari-ables (age, gender, marital status, income, and education), general health, smoking behaviour, tooth cleaning habits and knowledge on periodontal health/disease were collected with a questionnaire. Periodontal treatment need was examined using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). According to the CPITN scores, the treatment needs were grouped as minimum (CPITN = 0), low-level (CPITN = 1−2), or high-level (CPITN = 3−4). Results: Statistical differences were found between the frequency of tooth brushing and smoking status, marital status, periodontal health knowledge and periodontal treatment needs. Gender (females), place of residence (urban areas), education and periodontal health knowledge had positive relationship with tooth brushing frequency, while smoking and periodontal treatment need had negative relationship. When multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied, age, marriage and poor periodontal know-ledge were associated with increased low-level periodontal treatment needs, and age, marriage and smoking were associated with increased high-level periodontal treatment need. Conclusion: In the limits of this study, we suggest that gender, smoking habits, marital status, place of residence, education and periodontal health knowledge are determining factors related to tooth brush-ing frequency. Periodontal knowledge and smoking are associated with periodontal treatment needs. Keywords: Periodontal health knowledge, periodontal treatment need, smoking, tooth brushing levels "Los Conocimientos de Salud Periodontal y el Hábito de Fumar se Encuentran Asociados con la Necesidad de Tratamiento Periodontal de Acuerdo con los Niveles de Cepillado Dental" RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si el conocimiento de salud periodontal se halla asociado con la frecuencia del cepillado dental y la necesidad de tratamiento periodontal. Métodos: Cuatrocientos dos sujetos participaron en el estudio. Mediante encuestas, se recogieron datos sobre las variables sociodemográficas (edad, género, estado civil, ingreso, y educación), salud general, comportamiento hacia el fumar, hábitos de limpieza de los dientes, y conocimientos en relación con la enfermedad/salud periodontal. Se examinó la necesidad de tratamiento periodontal usando Sin embargo el Índice de Necesidades de Tratamiento Periodontal de la Comunidad (CPITN), De conformidad con las puntuaciones de CPITN, las necesidades de tratamiento se clasificaron como mínimas (CPITN = 0), bajo nivel (CPITN = 1-2), o alto nivel (CPITN = 3-4). Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre la frecuencia del cepillado dental con el estatus en torno al hábito de fumar, estado civil, conocimiento de salud periodontal y necesidades del tratamiento periodontales. El género (las hembras), lugar de residencia (las áreas urbanas), la edu-cación y el conocimiento de salud periodontal guardaron una relación positiva con la frecuencia del cepillado dental, mientras que el fumar y la necesidad de tratamiento periodontal, guardaban una relación negativa. Al aplicar el análisis de regresión logística multivariante, se halló que la edad, el matrimonio y el pobre conocimiento periodontal se encuentran asociados con el aumento de la necesidad de de alto nivel. Conclusión: En los límites de este estudio, se sugiere que el género, hábito de fumar, estado civil, lugar de residencia, educación, y conocimientos de salud periodontal, son factores determinantes relaciona-dos con la frecuencia de cepillado dental. El conocimiento periodontal y el hábito de fumar están asociados con las necesidades del tratamiento periodontales. Palabras claves: Conocimientos de salud periodontal, necesidad de tratamiento periodontal hábito de fumar, niveles de cepillado denta

Restless Leg Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease in women with iron deficiency anemia, A nyugtalan láb szindróma / Willis-Ekbom-betegség vashiányos anaemiás nők körében

Background and purpose - Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED) is a common condition associated with reduced quality of life and other medical conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Despite its common occurrence, it is widely underdiagnosed and undertreated. Therefore, identification of high-risk individuals for RLS/WED bears diagnostic and therapeutic significance. Iron deficiency anemia has a role in the pathophysiology of RLS/WED and both conditions have been reported to occur higher in females. In this study, the frequency of RLS/WED among women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia was examined as well as laboratory variables that could guide the clinician in the diagnosis of RLS/WED

RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME/WILLIS-EKBOM DISEASE IN WOMEN WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Background and purpose - Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED) is a common condition associated with reduced quality of life and other medical conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Despite its common occurrence, it is widely underdiagnosed and undertreated. Therefore, identification of high-risk individuals for RLS/WED bears diagnostic and therapeutic significance. Iron deficiency anemia has a role in the pathophysiology of RLS/WED and both conditions have been reported to occur higher in females. In this study, the frequency of RLS/WED among women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia was examined as well as laboratory variables that could guide the clinician in the diagnosis of RLS/WED

Infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica

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Geographical barriers to timely diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and anxiety level of parents during newborn screening in Turkey

Background Despite the availability of cystic fibrosis (CF) screening countrywide, diagnostic delay is still a crucial issue. The objectives of this study were to explore the stages of the NBS process, determine the risk factors associated with diagnostic delay and evaluate parent anxiety and experience throughout the process. Methods This is a multicenter cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was completed by parents of newborns diagnosed with CF via NBS in 17 centers. Socio-demographic characteristics, parent knowledge and experiences related to NBS, sweat test availability in the region of residence, and time to the definitive CF diagnosis were assessed through this questionnaire. Parents' anxiety levels were evaluated through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scales 1 and 2. Delayed diagnosis (DD) was defined as a definite CF diagnosis beyond the 8th week of life. Predictors of delayed CF diagnosis were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results A total of 220 CF patients diagnosed via NBS were enrolled; 82 (37.3%) babies had DD. Multivariable analysis indicated that residence in the Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey (OR = 10.79, 95% CI = 2.37-49.2) was associated with a higher incidence of DD compared with other regions in Turkey. Of the total, 216 (98.1%) of the caregivers regarded the NBS program as useful and 180 (82%) reported high anxiety levels. Conclusion The organization of newborn screening should take into account regional and socio-cultural characteristics to improve the early diagnosis of CF and also reduce the anxiety level of parents