Fatigue Behavior in Wood Under Pulsating Compression-Torsion-Combined-Loading

We have experimentally investigated the effects of cyclic compression-torsion-combined loading on the fatigue behavior and stress-strain properties of wood. Pulsating compression and torsion loadings were applied along and around the longitudinal axis of the rectangular bar specimen (Japanese cypress). According to the relationships between stress and strain during fatigue tests, the secant modulus of the stress-strain curve changed with an increase in the number of loading cycles, and the differences between the curves for compression and shear were observed. We found that the experimental results of fatigue tests were influenced by the combined-stress ratios. Compressive stiffness tended to maintain its initial values during almost all loading cycles to failure. Shear stiffness decreased with increasing number of loading cycles, and the final decrease of shear stiffness was larger as compressive stress became dominant. The failure mode was affected by the combined stress states; typical torsion failure was observed in combined stress states with dominant application of shear stress. In contrast, typical compression failure was observed in combined stress states with dominant application of compressive stress. The failure mode under compressive-shear combined stress states was not affected by the stress level, although, as previously demonstrated, it was affected by the stress level under tensile-shear states

TGF-β-dependent reprogramming of amino acid metabolism induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancers

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)—a fundamental process in embryogenesis and wound healing—promotes tumor metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. While studies have identified signaling components and transcriptional factors responsible in the TGF-β-dependent EMT, whether and how intracellular metabolism is integrated with EMT remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we showed that TGF-β induces reprogramming of intracellular amino acid metabolism, which is necessary to promote EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis identified prolyl 4-hydroxylase α3 (P4HA3), an enzyme implicated in cancer metabolism, to be upregulated during TGF-β stimulation. Further, knockdown of P4HA3 diminished TGF-β-dependent changes in amino acids, EMT, and tumor metastasis. Conversely, manipulation of extracellular amino acids induced EMT-like responses without TGF-β stimulation. These results suggest a previously unappreciated requirement for the reprogramming of amino acid metabolism via P4HA3 for TGF-β-dependent EMT and implicate a P4HA3 inhibitor as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer

カイゴフクシシ コッカ シケン シュツゲン カンジ ゴイ ノ ナカ ノ カンエツゴ ニ カンスル キソ チョウサ

In recent years, the number of Vietnamese nursing care students, technical intern trainees, and specified skilled workers aiming to pass the national examination for care workers has been increasing. However, there are few studies on kanji vocabulary in the nursing care field using Sino-Vietnamese words ( words derived from Chinese, which is said to account for 70% of Vietnamese words) . In this study, we extracted the kanji words that appeared in the past 11 national exam question papers for care workers from the 24th (2012) to the 34th (2022) exams. We conducted a basic survey to find out how many Sino-Vietnamese words are included in these kanji words and the characteristics possessed by them. We found 498 JapaneseVietnamese isomorphic two-letter kanji words. The following three patterns of these words were confirmed: words with the same or very similar meanings and usages, words with completely different meanings and usages, and words with gaps in meanings and usages between Japanese and Vietnamese. These survey results will help construct an efficient teaching method for learners whose native language is Vietnamese.研究ノー

Deep-vein thrombosis detection rates and consideration of the living environment in a tsunami disaster area during the disaster reconstruction phase: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Tsunami victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake were screened for deep-vein thrombosis(DVT) in order to compare the DVT incidence rates between temporary and non-temporary housing residentgroups. Material and methods: Lower extremity venous ultrasonography was performed on 290 subjects (64 menand 226 women; mean age = 71.9 ± 7.9 years) at 44 months after the disaster. All subjects completedquestionnaires to gather information about their background factors which included the Kessler PsychologicalDistress Scale: K6. Results: The DVT detection rate was 10.7% in the temporary group. In the non-temporary group, it was 11.3%among the subjects who previously lived in temporary housing. For the subjects who were living in their own homes it was 9.2%. Psychological distress levels measured by K6 were significantly higher in the temporary housinggroup than in the non-temporary housing group. The multivariate analysis showed that the background factorassociated with DVT risk was SV (soleal vein) dilatation in all subjects as well as in the non-temporary housinggroup, while hypertension and use of sleeping pills were found to be the factors in the temporary housing group. Conclusions: DVT detection rates were similar between the temporary and non-temporary housing groups,and were higher than that in the Japanese general population. The psychological distress level of the tsunamivictims measured by K6 was also higher in the temporary housing group than in the non-temporary housinggroup. It is necessary to establish a long-term and awareness-raising disaster victim support system

Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese x-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E  >  2  keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft x-rays to gamma rays. After a successful launch on February 17, 2016, the spacecraft lost its function on March 26, 2016, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the onboard instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month

Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts