Parâmetros biológicos de Amblyomma Cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) originário do Pantanal Sul-Mato-grossense em porco doméstico (Sus scrofa) sob condições experimentais.

No Pantanal o carrapato Amblyomma cajennense apresenta altos níveis de infestação ambiental e também em porcos monteiros (Sus scrofa), espécie exótica amplamente distribuída na região. No presente estudo avaliamos o potencial desses hospedeiros para a manutenção do ciclo de vida desse carrapato, utilizando o porco doméstico (Sus scrofa) como modelo experimental. Levando em conta os parâmetros biológicos avaliados o carrapato apresentou bom desempenho em duas infestações consecutivas. Sendo assim, o porco monteiro possui potencial para manutenção do ciclo do carrapato A. cajennense no Pantanal

Revegetação da área de contribuição e estabilização de voçorocas através de práticas mecânicas e vegetativas.

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A clonal Plasmodium falciparum population in an isolated outbreak of malaria in the Republic of Cabo Verde

We present the first parasitological, molecular and longitudinal analysis of an isolated outbreak of malaria. This outbreak occurred on Santiago Island (Republic of Cabo Verde), a region where malaria is hypoendemic and controlled, and thus the population is considered non-immune. Blood samples were collected from the inhabitants over 1 month and during cross-sectional surveys in the following year. The presence and nature of the parasites was determined by PCR. Plasmodium falciparum was the only species detected. Genetic analysis revealed that the circulating parasites were genetically homogeneous, and probably clonal. Gametocytes were found throughout this period. Our data suggest that this represented a focal outbreak, resulting in the infection of at least 40% of the villagers with a clonal parasite line. Thus, P. falciparum infections can persist for at least 1 year in a substantial proportion (10%) of the hosts. Implications for malaria control and the interpretation of epidemiological data are discussed

Subdoses de glyphosate como ferramenta na produção de ácido chiquímico por Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc.

Resumo: Periodicamente a humanidade é assolada por pandemias de gripe com consequências fatais. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de medidas eficazes para combater as viroses é de crucial importância para a saúde humana. O fosfato de oseltamivir é um potente inibidor viral produzido a partir do ácido chiquímico e extraído da semente de llicium verum sua mais importante fonte natural. Tendo como sítio de ação a enzima 5-enolpiruvilchiquimato-3-fosfato sintae (EPSPs), glyflosate é o único composto capaz de inibir a sua atividade com o consequente acúmulo do ácido chiquímico pelos vegetais. Plantas de B. plantaginea foram pulverizadas com subdoses de glyflosate determinado-se o teor de ácido chiquímico na massa seca dessas plantas por HPLC aos 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias após aplicação do herbicida. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação de 36 g.ha-1 de equivalente ácido chiquímico quando comparada com os demais tratamentos nas diferentes épocas de amostragem, alcançando um máximo de concentração 6 dias após sua aplicação nas plantas de B. plantaginea, evidenciando o potencial dessa planta como fonte de ácido chiquímico para a produção de fosfato de oseltamivir quando tratada com esse herbicida

Reduction of optical crosstalk in SiPMs due to coupled light guides and investigation of other properties demonstrated with the SensL MicroFJ-60035-TSV

The optical coupling of light guides to Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) influences the probability for optical crosstalk. Measurements of the crosstalk probability and the relative gain of 122 SiPMs of type SensL MicroFJ-60035-TSV are presented. Semi-conductor photo sensors have replaced photo multiplier tubes in numerous applications featuring single-photon resolution, insensitivity to magnetic fields, higher robustness and enhanced photo detection efficiency at lower operation voltage and lower costs. Light guides are used to increase the comparably small photo sensitive area of SiPMs. Their optical coupling changes the surface conditions of the sensor and influences the probability for crosstalk photons to leave the sensor without inducing secondary breakdowns. This study compares properties of sensors that are optically coupled to light guides with bare sensors, operated at nominal bias voltage. It demonstrates, that the optical coupling to a light guide significantly reduces the crosstalk probability of the measured sensors

Teor de proteína e minerais em genótipos da subclasse fradinho de feijão-caupi.

Este estudo visou determinar os teores de proteína e de minerais de 18 genótipos de feijão-caupi da subclasse fradinho. Os elementos minerais foram determinados por espectofotometria de absorção atômica e digestão nitroperclórica e as proteínas, pelo teste de Kjeldahl, com todas as repetições em triplicatas

Long-Lasting Effects of Undernutrition

Undernutrition is one of the most important public health problems, affecting more than 900 million individuals around the World. It is responsible for the highest mortality rate in children and has long-lasting physiologic effects, including an increased susceptibility to fat accumulation mostly in the central region of the body, lower fat oxidation, lower resting and postprandial energy expenditure, insulin resistance in adulthood, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and a reduced capacity for manual work, among other impairments. Marked changes in the function of the autonomic nervous system have been described in undernourished experimental animals. Some of these effects seem to be epigenetic, passing on to the next generation. Undernutrition in children has been linked to poor mental development and school achievement as well as behavioural abnormalities. However, there is still a debate in the literature regarding whether some of these effects are permanent or reversible. Stunted children who had experienced catch-up growth had verbal vocabulary and quantitative test scores that did not differ from children who were not stunted. Children treated before 6 years of age in day-hospitals and who recovered in weight and height have normal body compositions, bone mineral densities and insulin production and sensitivity

Acute WNT signalling activation perturbs differentiation within the adult stomach and rapidly leads to tumour formation

A role for WNT signalling in gastric carcinogenesis has been suggested due to two major observations. First, patients with germline mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are susceptible to stomach polyps and second, in gastric cancer, WNT activation confers a poor prognosis. However, the functional significance of deregulated WNT signalling in gastric homoeostasis and cancer is still unclear. In this study we have addressed this by investigating the immediate effects of WNT signalling activation within the stomach epithelium. We have specifically activated the WNT signalling pathway within the mouse adult gastric epithelium via deletion of either glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) or APC or via expression of a constitutively active β-catenin protein. WNT pathway deregulation dramatically affects stomach homoeostasis at very short latencies. In the corpus, there is rapid loss of parietal cells with fundic gland polyp (FGP) formation and adenomatous change, which are similar to those observed in familial adenomatous polyposis. In the antrum, adenomas occur from 4 days post-WNT activation. Taken together, these data show a pivotal role for WNT signalling in gastric homoeostasis, FGP formation and adenomagenesis. Loss of the parietal cell population and corresponding FGP formation, an early event in gastric carcinogenesis, as well as antral adenoma formation are immediate effects of nuclear β-catenin translocation and WNT target gene expression. Furthermore, our inducible murine model will permit a better understanding of the molecular changes required to drive tumourigenesis in the stomach

Pólen apícola: características da produção e da qualidade.

Pólen: definição e características; Elaboração e utilização do pólen; Composição do pólen apícola; Produção de pólen apícola; Coletores de pólen apícola e aspectos da produção; Coleta e beneficiamento do pólen apícola; Controle de qualidade do pólen apícola; Preparo de amostras de pólen para realização de análises físico-químicas; Análises físico-químicas; Determinação do teor de umidade do pólen apícola (forma original e desidratado); Determinação do teor de cinzas (matéria mineral); Determinação de pH e acidez livre; Determinação do pH e da acidez livre; Determinação de Lipídios; Análises de contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos no pólen apícola; Contaminantes orgânicos - Análises microbiológicas; Contaminantes inorgânicos; Critérios macroscópicos e microscópicos

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns