1,601 research outputs found
Terroir and vintage discrimination of Malbec wines based on phenolic composition across multiple sites in Mendoza, Argentina
ARTÍCULO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA EXTERNA. This study evaluated the phenolic profiles of Malbec wines made from grapes of 23 parcels distributed in 12 geographical indications (GIs) from Mendoza, Argentina. Wines were elaborated under standardized winemaking conditions over three consecutive vintages (2016–2018). Data discriminated wines from different GIs and parcels, based on an integrative data analysis by chemometric tools. Vintage effect and specific phenolic compounds were associated with some GIs or parcels. As well, regional climate conditions allowed partial discrimination of the GIs (and also some parcels). A random forest analysis correctly identified 11 out of 23 individual parcels across the different vintages. The most notorious compounds associated with such classification were p-coumaric acid, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, quercetin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside. The presented research allows to individualize, through phenolic profiles, parcels with unique characteristics over years. This is the first report characterizing Malbec wines coming from several GIs (and individual parcels) in different vintages. These results are strongly related to terroir features of wines, contributing to a better communication to consumers and to position Argentinean wines
N-cadherin in osteolineage cells modulates stromal support of tumor growth
Tumor growth and metastases are dependent on interactions between cancer cells and the local environment. Expression of the cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin (Ncad) is associated with highly aggressive cancers, and its expression by osteogenic cells has been proposed to provide a molecular dock for disseminated tumor cells to establish in pre-metastatic niches within the bone. To test this biologic model, we conditionally deleted the Ncad gene
Orthogonal targeting of osteoclasts and myeloma cells for radionuclide stimulated dynamic therapy induces multidimensional cell death pathways
Nanotherapy delivery of c-myc inhibitor targets protumor macrophages and preserves antitumor macrophages in breast cancer
Galaxy stellar mass functions of different morphological types in clusters, and their evolution between z=0.8 and z=0
We present the galaxy stellar mass function (MF) and its evolution in
clusters from z~0.8 to the current epoch, based on the WIde-field Nearby
Galaxy-cluster Survey (WINGS) (0.04<z<0.07), and the ESO Distant Cluster Survey
(EDisCS) (0.4<z <0.8). We investigate the total MF and find it evolves
noticeably with redshift. The shape at M*>10^11 M' does not evolve, but below
M*~10^10.8 M' the MF at high redshift is flat, while in the Local Universe it
flattens out at lower masses. The population of M* = 10^10.2 - 10^10.8 M'
galaxies must have grown significantly between z=0.8 and z=0. We analyze the MF
of different morphological types (ellipticals, S0s and late-types), and find
that also each of them evolves with redshift. All types have proportionally
more massive galaxies at high- than at low-z, and the strongest evolution
occurs among S0 galaxies. Examining the morphology-mass relation (the way the
proportion of galaxies of different morphological types changes with galaxy
mass), we find it strongly depends on redshift. At both redshifts, ~40% of the
stellar mass is in elliptical galaxies. Another ~43% of the mass is in S0
galaxies in local clusters, while it is in spirals in distant clusters. To
explain the observed trends, we discuss the importance of those mechanisms that
could shape the MF. We conclude that mass growth due to star formation plays a
crucial role in driving the evolution. It has to be accompanied by infall of
galaxies onto clusters, and the mass distribution of infalling galaxies might
be different from that of cluster galaxies. However, comparing with high-z
field samples, we do not find conclusive evidence for such an environmental
mass segregation. Our results suggest that star formation and infall change
directly the MF of late-type galaxies in clusters and, indirectly, that of
early-type galaxies through subsequent morphological transformations.Comment: MNRAS in press, 24 pages, 19 figures and 8 table
A snapshot on galaxy evolution occurring in the Great Wall: the role of Nurture at z=0
With the aim of quantifying the contribution of the environment on the
evolution of galaxies at z=0 we have used the DR7 catalogue of the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to reconstruct the 3-D distribution of 4132 galaxies
in 420 square degrees of the Coma supercluster, containing two rich clusters
(Coma and A1367), several groups, and many filamentary structures belonging to
the "Great Wall", at the approximate distance of 100 Mpc. At this distance the
galaxy census is complete to Mi=-17.5 mag, i.e. approx 4 mag fainter than M*.
The morphological classification of galaxies into early- (ellipticals) and
late-types (spirals) was carried out by inspection of individual SDSS images
and spectra. The density around each galaxies was determined in cylinders of 1
Mpc radius and 1000 km s^-1 half length. The color-luminosity relation was
derived for galaxies in bins morphological type and in four thresholds of
galaxy density-contrast, ranging from delta{1,1000} <= 0 (UL = the cosmic web);
0 < delta{1,1000} <= 4 (L = the loose groups); 4 < delta{1,1000} <= 20 (H = the
large groups and the cluster's outskirts) and delta{1,1000} > 20 (UH = the
cluster's cores). The fraction of early-type galaxies increases with the log of
the over-density. A well defined "red sequence" composed of early-type galaxies
exists in all environments at high luminosity, but it lacks of low luminosity
(dwarf) galaxies in the lowest density environment. Conversely low luminosity
isolated galaxies are predominantly of late-type. In other words the low
luminosity end of the distribution is dominated by red dE galaxies in clusters
and groups and by dwarf blue amorphous systems in the lowest density regions.
At z=0 we find evidence for strong evolution induced by the environment
(Nurture). Transformations take place mostly at low luminosity when star
forming dwarf galaxies inhabiting low density environments migrate into
amorphous passive dwarf ellipticals in their infall into denser regions. The
mechanism involves suppression of the star formation due to gas stripping,
without significant mass growth, as proposed by Boselli et al. (2008a). This
process is more efficient and fast in ambients of increasing density. In the
highest density environments (around clusters) the truncation of the star
formation happens fast enough (few 100 Myr) to produce the signature of
post-star-burst in galaxy spectra. PSB galaxies, that are in fact found
significantly clustered around the largest dynamical units, represent the
remnants of star forming isolated galaxies that had their star formation
violently suppressed during their infall in clusters in the last 0.5-1.5 Gyrs,
and the progenitors of future dEs.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics, in pres
Taste and smell : a unifying chemosensory theory
Since antiquity, the sense of smell (olfaction) is considered as a distance sense, just like sight and hear-ing. Conversely, the sense of taste (gustation) is thought to operate by direct contact, similarly to touch.With the progress of natural sciences, information at molecular, anatomical, and neurobiological levelshas also contributed to the taste-smell dichotomy, but much evidence inconsistent with a sharp differenti-ation of these two senses has emerged, especially when considering species other than humans. In spite ofthis, conflicting information has been interpreted so that it could conform to the traditional differentia-tion. As a result, a confirmation bias is currently affecting scientific research on chemosensory systemsand is also hindering the development of a satisfactory narrative of the evolution of chemical communi-cation across taxa. From this perspective, the chemosensory dichotomy loses its validity and usefulness. Wethus propose the unification of all chemosensory modalities into a single sense, moving toward a synthetic,complex, and interconnected perspective on the gradual processes by which a vast variety of chemicals havebecome signals that are crucially important to communication among and within cells, organs, and or-ganisms in a wide variety of environmental conditions
Total IgA and IgA reactivity to antigen I/II epitopes in HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects
Bacterial adherence to the acquired dental pellicle, important in dental caries (caries), is mediated by receptor-adhesins such as salivary agglutinin binding to Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II (I/II). Ten selected I/II epitopes were chosen to determine their reactivity to human salivary IgA. Previous studies suggested that a specific HLA biomarker group (HLA-DRB1*04) may have differential influence of immune responses to I/II. However, it was not known whether secretory IgA (SIgA) responses to the selected epitopes from HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects were different compared to controls, or across other caries-related factors such as total IgA (TIgA). Thirty-two total subjects were matched according to HLA type, gender, ethnicity and age. HLA genotyping, oral bacterial, immunoglobulin and antibody analyses were performed. A large observed difference emerged with regard to the natural immune reservoir of TIgA in HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects, specifically, a 27.6% reduction compared to controls. In contrast to all other epitopes studied, HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects also exhibited reduced reactivity to I/II epitope 834–853. HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower specific SIgA activity/TIgA to 834–853 and also a lower specific reactivity to 834–853/whole cell S. mutans UA159. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower responses to I/II in its entirety. The large observed difference in TIgA and the 834–853 reactivity pattern across multiple measures suggest potentially important connections pertaining to the link between HLA-DRB1*04 and caries
Taste and Smell: A Unifying Chemosensory Theory
Since antiquity, the sense of smell (olfaction) is considered as a distance sense, just like sight and hearing. Conversely, the sense of taste (gustation) is thought to operate by direct contact, similarly to touch. With the progress of natural sciences, information at molecular, anatomical, and neurobiological levels has also contributed to the taste-smell dichotomy, but much evidence inconsistent with a sharp differentiation of these two senses has emerged, especially when considering species other than humans. In spite of this, conflicting information has been interpreted so that it could conform to the traditional differentiation. As a result, a confirmation bias is currently affecting scientific research on chemosensory systems and is also hindering the development of a satisfactory narrative of the evolution of chemical communication across taxa. From this perspective, the chemosensory dichotomy loses its validity and usefulness. We thus propose the unification of all chemosensory modalities into a single sense, moving toward a synthetic, complex, and interconnected perspective on the gradual processes by which a vast variety of chemicals have become signals that are crucially important to communication among and within cells, organs, and organisms in a wide variety of environmental condition
Taste and Smell: A Unifying Chemosensory Theory
Since antiquity, the sense of smell (olfaction) is considered as a distance sense, just like sight and hear- ing. Conversely, the sense of taste (gustation) is thought to operate by direct contact, similarly to touch. With the progress of natural sciences, information at molecular, anatomical, and neurobiological levels has also contributed to the taste-smell dichotomy, but much evidence inconsistent with a sharp differenti- ation of these two senses has emerged, especially when considering species other than humans. In spite of this, conflicting information has been interpreted so that it could conform to the traditional differentia- tion. As a result, a confirmation bias is currently affecting scientific research on chemosensory systems and is also hindering the development of a satisfactory narrative of the evolution of chemical communi- cation across taxa. From this perspective, the chemosensory dichotomy loses its validity and usefulness. We thus propose the unification of all chemosensory modalities into a single sense, moving toward a synthetic, complex, and interconnected perspective on the gradual processes by which a vast variety of chemicals have become signals that are crucially important to communication among and within cells, organs, and or- ganisms in a wide variety of environmental conditions
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