Avaliação do uso do solo e dos recursos florestais no semiárido do estado da Paraíba

The use of soil and forest resources of the Caatinga biome in the state of Paraíbawas evaluated from 1996 to 2018. Data on vegetation cover and forest resource characteristics and their productive potential for firewood and charcoal were collected.The information used to characterize Paraíba’s land use and forest resources were examined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Ministry of Environment of Brazilian (MMA) and the Northeast Plants Association (APNE). The research is exploratory and based on secondary data and may contribute, in part, to the economic development in the state. The results point to the existence of a constant degradation of the vegetation cover, although the types of soil use have changed over the studied years. The estimates adopted for vegetation cover and land use in Paraíba showed sensitivity and a high degree of risk to desertification of the biome, requiring permanent joint actions that guarantee the sustainable use of its biodiversity. It is concluded that the effective solution comes from the awareness and the practice of the Sustainable Forest Management Plan in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, providing more effectively the sustainability of the Caatinga biome.Avaliou-se o uso do solo e dos recursos florestais do bioma Caatinga no estado da Paraíba, de 1996 a 2018. Foram levantados dados da cobertura vegetal e das características dos recursos florestais e o seu potencial produtivo para a lenha e o carvão vegetal. As informações empregadas para caracterização do uso do solo e dos recursos florestais da Paraíba foram obtidas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), do Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA) e da Associação Plantas do Nordeste (APNE). A pesquisa foi exploratória e os resultados apontam a existência de uma degradação contínua da cobertura vegetal, porém os tipos de uso do solo se modificaram ao longo dos anos estudados. Observou-se uma alteração no uso das terras da Paraíba com uma ampliação das áreas de matas/florestas e redução das áreas de pastagem. O carvão vegetal e a lenha foram os principais produtos do extrativismo. A Caatinga paraibana perdeu mais de 46% da sua vegetação, cerca de 2,40 milhões de hectares, mas observou-se o aumento do PMFS via adoção de políticas públicas e conscientização do mercado. As estimativas adotadas da cobertura vegetal e do uso do solo da Paraíba mostraram sensibilidade e elevado grau de risco à desertificação do bioma, necessitando de ações conjuntas permanentes que garantam o uso sustentável da biodiversidade. Concluise que a solução efetiva vem da conscientização e da prática do Plano de Manejo Florestal Sustentado no semiárido paraibano, proporcionando de forma mais eficaz a sustentabilidade do bioma Caatinga.

Piodermite canina: Revisão de literatura e estudo da prevalência de casos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da UFPI, Bom Jesus – Brasil

O escopo desta revisão foi abordar os principais aspectos da piodermite canina, enfatizando a importância da mesma na clínica médica de pequenos animais bem como na saúde pública. A piodermite canina é uma afecção dermatológica cada vez mais presente na rotina clínica de Médicos Veterinários, sendo uma infecção piogênica de origem bacteriana onde o agente Staphylococcus pseudintermedius está envolvido em mais de 90% dos casos como patógeno causador de tal distúrbio. Os meios diagnósticos mais comumente empregados para esses casos são a associação dos sinais clínicos com os achados citológicos, também sendo preconizada a utilização de cultura bacteriana para confirmação do diagnóstico. No que concerne ao protocolo terapêutico a ser estabelecido, é essencial a avaliação de resistência bacteriana por meio de testes de sensibilidade. Outro aspecto de suma importância é o fato de muitas bactérias causadoras da piodermite apresentarem potencial zoonótico, constituindo-se assim como um problema de saúde pública, sendo necessária a disseminação de informações importantes sobre o controle e profilaxia dessa patologia, bem como a capacitação de profissionais acerca da terapêutica mais adequada para os pacientes acometidos

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora