"Eu vim para que todos tenham vida e vida em abundância". Um estudo comparativo de aconselhamento religioso em três vertentes religiosas brasileiras

Even so the shelter of psychological demands in religious environment is not, in general, carried through for psychologists,can be spoken of Religious Counseling as a modality of Psychological Counseling. The objective of this work was to compare counseling carried through in three religious contexts (protestantism, catolicism and kardecism). For this, two members of each religious source were interviewed. The three religions have in common the appraise for hearing instead of the speech and the judgement, the existence of schedules marked for the attendance and the paper of the secrecy as an ethical principle. The main differences are related to the way that the social taboos are boarded, depending of the underlying moral positioning. The trend to the shelter in coexistence with the educative and ethical function of the religion, the unconcern of psychology with the human being’s spiritual dimension, the possibility of incorporation of the “religious professionals” in the effort of humanistic and holistic attendance and the necessity of future research is quarrel subjects.Embora o acolhimento de demandas psicológicas em seio religioso não seja, em geral, realizado por psicólogos, pode-se falar de Aconselhamento Religioso como uma modalidade de Aconselhamento Psicológico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o aconselhamento realizado em três contextos religiosos (protestantismo, catolicismo e kardecismo). Para isso, foram entrevistados dois membros de cada vertente religiosa. As três religiões comungam do apreço pelo ouvir em vez do falar e julgar, da existência de horários marcados para o atendimento e do papel do sigilo como princípio ético. As principais diferenças referemse à maneira como os tabus sociais são abordados, devido ao posicionamento moral subjacente. A tendência ao acolhimento em co-existência com a função educativa e ética da religião, o descompromisso da psicologia com a dimensão espiritual do ser humano, a possibilidade de incorporação dos “profissionais religiosos” no esforço de atendimento humanizado e holístico e a necessidade de pesquisas futuras são temas de discussão.A pesar del recibimiento de demandas psicológicas en el seno religioso no sea, en general, realizado por psicólogos, se puede decir que el Asesoramiento Religioso es una modalidad de Asesoramiento Psicológico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el asesoramiento realizado en tres contextos religiosos (protestantismo, catolicismo y kardecismo). Por eso, fueron entrevistados dos miembros de cada vertiente religiosa. Las tres religiones comulgan del aprecio por oír en vez de hablar y juzgar, de la existencia de horarios marcados para la atención y del rol del sigilo como principio ético. Las principales diferencias se refieren al modo como los tabúes sociales son abordados, debido a la postura moral subyacente. Son temas de discusión: la tendencia al recibimiento en coexistencia con la función educativa y la ética de la religión, el no comprometimiento de la psicología con la dimensión espiritual del ser humano, la posibilidad de incorporación de los “profesionales religiosos” en el esfuerzo de la atención humanizada y holística y la necesidad de investigaciones futura

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora