Reflections after Teaching Anglo-American Legal Theory

In this Article, the author reflects on the limitations upon prevalent modes of formulating and using legal theories. The author\u27s analysis is predominantly contextual, focusing on the impact of legal future shock. Other limitations stem from the author\u27s reflections on living theories, the linkage between theory and ideology, and the need for humanistic legal theory

National assessment approach to sampling error estimation

Beginning in 1969 and continuing through 1982, RTI conducted the first 12 survey years of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). RTI’s role included developing analytic weights and providing technical support for calculating estimates and their standard errors. Ralph Folsom, PhD, led RTI’s effort to evaluate sampling error estimation methodologies appropriate to the complex NAEP design, including a comparison of the Taylor series linearization method and jackknife variance estimation methodology. Later, his work on developing Taylor series standard errors for NAEP balanced effects became a basis for the REGRESS procedure in RTI’s SUDAAN® software. This monograph provides a historical perspective to the continuing evolution of complex survey analysis methods

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Causal effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 on coronary heart disease

Background--Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) plays an essential role in the fibrinolysis system and thrombosis. Population studies have reported that blood PAI-1 levels are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unclear whether the association reflects a causal influence of PAI-1 on CHD risk. Methods and Results--To evaluate the association between PAI-1 and CHD, we applied a 3-step strategy. First, we investigated the observational association between PAI-1 and CHD incidence using a systematic review based on a literature search for PAI-1 and CHD studies. Second, we explored the causal association between PAI-1 and CHD using a Mendelian randomization approach using summary statistics from large genome-wide association studies. Finally, we explored the causal effect of PAI-1 on cardiovascular risk factors including metabolic and subclinical atherosclerosis measures. In the systematic meta-analysis, the highest quantile of blood PAI-1 level was associated with higher CHD risk comparing with the lowest quantile (odds ratio=2.17; 95% CI: 1.53, 3.07) in an age- and sex-adjusted model. The effect size was reduced in studies using a multivariable-adjusted model (odds ratio=1.46; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.88). The Mendelian randomization analyses suggested a causal effect of increased PAI-1 level on CHD risk (odds ratio=1.22 per unit increase of log-transformed PAI-1; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.47). In addition, we also detected a causal effect of PAI-1 on elevating blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions--Our study indicates a causal effect of elevated PAI-1 level on CHD risk, which may be mediated by glucose dysfunction

NAFTA and Free Trade in the Americas in a Nutshell.

https://digital.sandiego.edu/law_fac_books/1045/thumbnail.jp

Principles of International Trade Law: including the World Trade Organization, Technology Transfers, and Import/Export/Customs Law

The essentials of international trade law/the WTO -- United States trade and tariff law -- Customs classification, valuation, and origin -- Antidumping duties -- Subsidies and countervailing duties -- Safeguard proceedings, trade adjustment assistance -- U.S. nontariff trade barriers and disputes -- Counterfeit and IP infringing imports -- Gray market imports -- United States export controls -- United States boycott laws -- United States anti-boycott law -- Foreign corrupt practices -- Unilateral U.S. Section 301 trade sanctions -- Technology transfers across borders -- An early commentary on trade policy under the Trump administrationhttps://digital.sandiego.edu/law_fac_books/1037/thumbnail.jp

The USMCA: NAFTA re-negotiated and its business implications in a nutshell

No lawyer or business operating in North America can escape the significance of NAFTA and its successor, the USMCA agreement of 2018. This Nutshell introduces students, lawyers, government officials and business persons to the law and economics of North American free trade. It first examines the origins, operation and impact of NAFTA 1994. The changes made by the USMCA agreement of 2018, and their implications for business, are explored in detail. In preparing this Nutshell, we have attempted to address the interests not only of North Americans, but also persons located outside the region who are concerned about the externalities of North American free trade, intellectual property and foreign investment law.https://digital.sandiego.edu/law_fac_books/1023/thumbnail.jp