Work process, cooperativism and self-management: A case study

En este trabajo se profundiza sobre algunos aspectos en la evolución del proceso de trabajo en el transcurso de dos décadas en experiencias cooperativas. En el caso que se aborda en este primer resultado, indagamos sobre una experiencia “autogestionaria” emergente de la crisis argentina del año 2001, cuya evolución se refleja en la organización y el contenido del proceso de trabajo, como condicionante o más precisamente un determinante del trabajo y el empleo de las organizaciones observadas. En particular se indagaron las condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo o más específicamente los riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo (RPST), concluyéndose en una serie de factores principales que permiten explicar los límites para que las cooperativas se puedan configurar como empresas autogestionarias.This paper deepens on some aspects of the evolution of work process over two decades of cooperative experiences. In the case addressed in this first result, we inquire about an emergent self-management experience during the 2001 Argentine crisis, whose evolution is reflected in the organizing and content of the work process, as a restrainer or —more accurately— as a determinant of work and employment in the observed organizations. Particularly, we took into account the work conditions and environment, or —more specifically— the psychosocial risks at work (PSRW), concluding in a series of main factors that allow us to explain the restrictions found by cooperatives to set up themselves as self-managed companies.Fil: Neffa, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Laborales; ArgentinaFil: Henry, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Ana Belen. No especifíca;Fil: Gimenez, Romina A.. No especifíca;Fil: Ralde, Sofía. No especifíca;Fil: Cafferata, Gabriela. No especifíca;Fil: Fernandez, Claudia Nelida. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot analysis: a prognostic model for distant recurrence-free survival to estimate delayed adjuvant chemotherapy initiation effect in triple-negative breast cancer

IntroductionTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease associated with a poor prognosis. Delaying in time to start adjuvant chemotherapy (TTC) has been related to an increased risk of distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). We aimed to develop a prognostic model to estimate the effects of delayed TTC among TNBC risk subgroups.Materials and methodsWe analyzed 687 TNBC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (Lima, Peru). Database was randomly divided to create a discovery set (n=344) and a validation set (n=343). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to identify prognostic factors for DRFS. Risk stratification was implemented through two models developed based on proportional hazard ratios from significant clinicopathological characteristics. Subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) analysis was performed to determine the best prognostic cut-off points for stratifying TNBC subgroups according to risk scores and estimate Kaplan-Meier differences in 10-year DRFS comparing TTC (≤30 vs.>30 days).ResultsIn univariate analysis, patients aged ≥70 years (HR=4.65; 95% CI: 2.32-9.34; p=<0.001), those at stages pT3-T4 (HR=3.28; 95% CI: 1.57-6.83; p=0.002), and pN2-N3 (HR=3.00; 95% CI: 1.90-4.76; p=<0.001) were notably associated with higher risk. STEPP analysis defined three risk subgroups for each model. Model N°01 categorized patients into low (score: 0–31), intermediate (score:32–64), and high-risk (score: 65–100) cohorts; meanwhile, Model N°02: low (score: 0–26), intermediate (score: 27–55), and high (score: 56–100). Kaplan-Meier plots showed that in the discovery set, patients with TTC>30 days experienced a 17.5% decrease in 10-year DRFS rate (95%CI=6.7-28.3), and the impact was more remarkable in patients who belong to the high-risk subgroup (53.3% decrease in 10 years-DRFS rate). Similar results were found in the validation set.ConclusionsWe developed two prognostic models based on age, pT, and pN to select the best one to classify TNBC. For Model N°02, delayed adjuvant chemotherapy conferred a higher risk of relapse in patients ≥70 years and who were characterized by pT3/T4 and pN2/N3. Thus, more efforts should be considered to avoid delayed TTC in TNBC patients, especially those in high-risk subgroups

Partial protection of seasonal trivalent inactivated vaccine against novel pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009: case-control study in Mexico City

Objective To evaluate the association of 2008-9 seasonal trivalent inactivated vaccine with cases of influenza A/H1N1 during the epidemic in Mexico

The Structural Basis of Gas-Responsive Transcription by the Human Nuclear Hormone Receptor REV-ERBβ

Heme is a ligand for the human nuclear receptors (NR) REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, which are transcriptional repressors that play important roles in circadian rhythm, lipid and glucose metabolism, and diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and cancer. Here we show that transcription repression mediated by heme-bound REV-ERBs is reversed by the addition of nitric oxide (NO), and that the heme and NO effects are mediated by the C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD). A 1.9 Å crystal structure of the REV-ERBβ LBD, in complex with the oxidized Fe(III) form of heme, shows that heme binds in a prototypical NR ligand-binding pocket, where the heme iron is coordinately bound by histidine 568 and cysteine 384. Under reducing conditions, spectroscopic studies of the heme-REV-ERBβ complex reveal that the Fe(II) form of the LBD transitions between penta-coordinated and hexa-coordinated structural states, neither of which possess the Cys384 bond observed in the oxidized state. In addition, the Fe(II) LBD is also able to bind either NO or CO, revealing a total of at least six structural states of the protein. The binding of known co-repressors is shown to be highly dependent upon these various liganded states. REV-ERBs are thus highly dynamic receptors that are responsive not only to heme, but also to redox and gas. Taken together, these findings suggest new mechanisms for the systemic coordination of molecular clocks and metabolism. They also raise the possibility for gas-based therapies for the many disorders associated with REV-ERB biological functions

Solar ultraviolet radiation and ozone depletion-driven climate change: Effects on terrestrial ecosystems

In this assessment we summarise advances in our knowledge of how UV-B radiation (280-315 nm), together with other climate change factors, influence terrestrial organisms and ecosystems. We identify key uncertainties and knowledge gaps that limit our ability to fully evaluate the interactive effects of ozone depletion and climate change on these systems. We also evaluate the biological consequences of the way in which stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the last assessment, several new findings or insights have emerged or been strengthened. These include: (1) the increasing recognition that UV-B radiation has specific regulatory roles in plant growth and development that in turn can have beneficial consequences for plant productivity via effects on plant hardiness, enhanced plant resistance to herbivores and pathogens, and improved quality of agricultural products with subsequent implications for food security; (2) UV-B radiation together with UV-A (315-400 nm) and visible (400-700 nm) radiation are significant drivers of decomposition of plant litter in globally important arid and semi-arid ecosystems, such as grasslands and deserts. This occurs through the process of photodegradation, which has implications for nutrient cycling and carbon storage, although considerable uncertainty exists in quantifying its regional and global biogeochemical significance; (3) UV radiation can contribute to climate change via its stimulation of volatile organic compounds from plants, plant litter and soils, although the magnitude, rates and spatial patterns of these emissions remain highly uncertain at present. UV-induced release of carbon from plant litter and soils may also contribute to global warming; and (4) depletion of ozone in the Southern Hemisphere modifies climate directly via effects on seasonal weather patterns (precipitation and wind) and these in turn have been linked to changes in the growth of plants across the Southern Hemisphere. Such research has broadened our understanding of the linkages that exist between the effects of ozone depletion, UV-B radiation and climate change on terrestrial ecosystems

A large genome-wide association study of age-related macular degeneration highlights contributions of rare and common variants.

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Publishing Group via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3448Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly, with limited therapeutic options. Here we report on a study of >12 million variants, including 163,714 directly genotyped, mostly rare, protein-altering variants. Analyzing 16,144 patients and 17,832 controls, we identify 52 independently associated common and rare variants (P < 5 × 10(-8)) distributed across 34 loci. Although wet and dry AMD subtypes exhibit predominantly shared genetics, we identify the first genetic association signal specific to wet AMD, near MMP9 (difference P value = 4.1 × 10(-10)). Very rare coding variants (frequency <0.1%) in CFH, CFI and TIMP3 suggest causal roles for these genes, as does a splice variant in SLC16A8. Our results support the hypothesis that rare coding variants can pinpoint causal genes within known genetic loci and illustrate that applying the approach systematically to detect new loci requires extremely large sample sizes.We thank all participants of all the studies included for enabling this research by their participation in these studies. Computer resources for this project have been provided by the high-performance computing centers of the University of Michigan and the University of Regensburg. Group-specific acknowledgments can be found in the Supplementary Note. The Center for Inherited Diseases Research (CIDR) Program contract number is HHSN268201200008I. This and the main consortium work were predominantly funded by 1X01HG006934-01 to G.R.A. and R01 EY022310 to J.L.H

La Escuela Intercultural Bilingüe

Una escuela intercultural bilingüe es aquella que brinda un servicio educativo de calidad a niños, niñas y adolescentes de inicial, primaria y secundaria que pertenecen a un pueblo indígena u originario, y que hablan una lengua originaria como primera o como segunda lengua. En esta escuela, las y los estudiantes logran óptimos niveles de aprendizaje al desarrollar un currículo intercultural que considera los conocimientos de las culturas locales articulados a los de otras culturas, cuentan con materiales educativos pertinentes en la lengua originaria y en castellano y tienen docentes formados en EIB que manejan la lengua de los estudiantes y el castellano, los mismos que desarrollan los procesos pedagógicos en las dos lenguas desde un enfoque intercultural. La escuela intercultural bilingüe es una institución educativa inserta en la comunidad, que responde a sus intereses y necesidades y que tiene una estructura y funcionamiento acordes con la cultura de los estudiantes

La Escuela Intercultural Bilingüe

Una escuela intercultural bilingüe es aquella que brinda un servicio educativo de calidad a niños, niñas y adolescentes de inicial, primaria y secundaria que pertenecen a un pueblo indígena u originario, y que hablan una lengua originaria como primera o como segunda lengua. En esta escuela, las y los estudiantes logran óptimos niveles de aprendizaje al desarrollar un currículo intercultural que considera los conocimientos de las culturas locales articulados a los de otras culturas, cuentan con materiales educativos pertinentes en la lengua originaria y en castellano y tienen docentes formados en EIB que manejan la lengua de los estudiantes y el castellano, los mismos que desarrollan los procesos pedagógicos en las dos lenguas desde un enfoque intercultural. La escuela intercultural bilingüe es una institución educativa inserta en la comunidad, que responde a sus intereses y necesidades y que tiene una estructura y funcionamiento acordes con la cultura de los estudiantes