Temperature-Dependent Charge Carrier Diffusion in [0001¯] Direction of GaN Determined by Luminescence Evaluation of Buried InGaN Quantum Wells

Temperature-dependent transport of photoexcited charge carriers through a nominally undoped, c-plane GaN layer toward buried InGaN quantum wells is investigated by continuous-wave and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The excitation of the buried InGaN quantum wells is dominated by charge carrier diffusion through the GaN layer; photon recycling contributes only slightly. With temperature decreasing from 310 to 10 K, the diffusion length in [0001⎯⎯] direction increases from 250 to 600 nm in the GaN layer. The diffusion length at 300 K also increases from 100 to 300 nm when increasing the excitation power density from 20 to 500 W cm−2. The diffusion constant decreases from the low-temperature value of ∼7 to 1.5 cm2 s−1 at 310 K. The temperature dependence of the diffusion constant indicates that the diffusivity at room temperature is limited by optical phonon scattering. Consequently, higher diffusion constants in GaN-based devices require a reduced operation temperature. To increase diffusion lengths at a fixed temperature, the effective recombination time has to be prolonged by reducing the number of nonradiative recombination centers

17β-Estradiol inhibits proliferation and migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells: similar effects in cells from postmenopausal females and in males

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is rare in premenopausal women, but increases after the menopause when hormone replacement therapy reduces coronary events. Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration occur in atherosclerosis, restenosis and venous graft disease. We studied the effects of 17β-estradiol on SMC proliferation and migration. Methods: SMC were cultured from saphenous veins of postmenopausal women and age-matched men. Cell growth was determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell counting. Migration of SMC was assessed in 4-well chambers. SMC were seeded in one corner and PDGF-BB in filter paper glued onto the opposite wall. Results: PDGF-BB (5 ng/ml for 24 h) similarly stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation in female (511 ± 57%; n = 8) and male (528 ± 62%; n = 12) SMC. This was reduced by 17β-estradiol (10−8-10−6 M; female 313 ± 52%; male 337 ± 54%; P < 0.05). PDGF-BB increased the number of SMC (P < 0.0001 at 10 days) obtained from females (153 ± 3%; n = 5) and males (150 ± 4%; n = 5), which was inhibited by 17 β-estradiol (10−6 M; female 134 ± 7%; male 128 ± 5%; P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained with basic fibroblast growth factor. In contrast to 17β-estradiol, another steroid (dexamethasone) had no effects on 3H-thymidine incorporation in these cells stimulated with PDGF-BB. PDGF-BB (0.01-1 ng) stimulated SMC migration (P < 0.05) which was inhibited by 17β-estradiol (10−10-10−6 M; n = 5; P < 0.005). Conclusion: 17β-Estradiol inhibits growth-factor-induced SMC proliferation and migration regardless of gender. These effects of 17β-estradiol may contribute to its cardiovascular protective properties in postmenopausal women during replacement therap

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described

Between a rock and a hard place: Associations between Mentzos' “dilemma”, self‐reported interpersonal problems, and psychosocial functioning in individuals with non‐affective psychoses

Primary aim of this study was to determine the extent and type of self-reported interpersonal problems in patients with non-affective psychoses and their impact on psychosocial functioning. Furthermore, we aimed to explore potential links with the psychodynamic construct of Stavros Mentzos' "psychotic dilemma", which describes an insufferable inner tension caused by an individual's struggle of being torn between "self-oriented" and "object-oriented" tendencies. In a cross-sectional study among 129 patients with non-affective psychoses, measures of cognition, symptom load and social functioning as well as a tentative, psychodynamic assessment of Mentzos' "dilemma" were obtained during a clinical research visit. Self-report data on interpersonal problems were gathered using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64D) and compared with a German representative standard sample. Second, IIP-64D scores were compared between groups with or without Mentzos' "dilemma". Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to test for the impact of interpersonal problems on psychosocial functioning, while controlling for cognitive deficits and psychopathology. Results showed that IIP-64D scores differed significantly from healthy controls, except for "self-centred" and "intrusive" interpersonal styles. Participants with a potential "psychotic dilemma" scored significantly higher on the subscales: "domineering", "self-centred", "cold", and "socially avoidant" than the group without a "psychotic dilemma". The total amount of interpersonal problems, and particularly high scores on the IIP-64D "socially avoidant" subscale, predicted psychosocial dysfunction, whereas a "cold" interpersonal style had an opposite effect. In conclusion, specific interpersonal problems may predict psychotherapeutic outcome measures like psychosocial functioning and are partly compatible with the psychodynamic construct of Stavros Mentzos' "psychotic dilemma"

XI concurso internacional de canto Francisco Viñas

Programa del XI concurs internacional de cant Francesc Viñas celebrada el novembre de 1973 amb l'Orquestra del Gran Teatre del Liceu dirigida per G. Pérez Busquier. Al jurat hi havia R. Vuataz, C. A. Pizzini, J. Arnau, C. Badia, K. Borg, M. Favero, Y. Le Marc-Hadour, J. Micheau, E. Muñez, J. Pich Santasusana, N. Procter, H. Reutter i L. Prats. Els concursants van ser R. M. Buttkus, H. Clemens, H. Eckels, K. J. Kemper, J. Tomás, M. Fontana, L. Lima, M. Boateng-Toncar, H. Schwenzer, M. Baeta, V. De Kanel, M. Wunder Louzada, A. Bagdassarian, G. Duplessis, E. Blahova, M. Clarke, C. Decamp, D. González, A. Molero, J. L. Ochando, J. Poch, M. Ribas, M. Rodrigo, J. Ruiz, A. Anderson, J. Bardi, L. Clark-Anderson, E. Colón, P. Goldstein, R. Harris, V. Paton, I. Bernard, M. H. Burger, M. Lapierre, J. Manric, H. Legito, M. Parker, M. Spark, M. Barbacini, G. Cianella, R. Guiso, G. Pastorello, E. Maruyama, M. Cosmescu, A. Covali, A. Nemes, C. Pop, C. Zaharia, M. Bliss, E. Bill, M. Schendemann, R. Naleiro. Van interpretar fragments de "La Creació" de J. Haydn, "La donzella de neu" de N. Rimskij-Korsakov, "Madama Butterfly" de G. Puccini, "La Traviata" de G. Verdi, "Lohengrin" de R. Wagner, "Carmen" de G. Bizet i l'"Ave Maria" de F. Schubert, entre altres. També van cantar obres de G. Donizetti, W. A. Mozart, E. Grieg, J. Turina, E. Toldrà, F. Mendelssohn, J. Brahms, L. V. Beethoven, Granados, V. Bellini, G. Rossini, G. Fauré, C. Gounod i G. MahlerOrquestra del Gran Teatre del Liceu dirigida per G. Pérez BusquierDe cada obra s'ha digitalitzat un programa sencer. De la resta s'han digitalitzat les parts que són diferents

The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report, Volume 3: Dual-Phase Module

The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE far detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 3 describes the dual-phase module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure

Nanomaterials in the Environment: Behavior, Fate, Bioavailability, and Effects-An Updated Review.

This review covers developments in studies of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment, since the much-cited review of Klaine et al. (2008). It discusses novel insights on fate and behavior, metrology, transformations, bioavailability, toxicity mechanisms and environmental impacts, with a focus on terrestrial and aquatic systems. Overall the findings were that: i) despite the substantial developments, there remain critical gaps, in large part due to the lack of analytical, modelling and field capabilities and in part due to the breadth and complexity of the area; ii) a key knowledge gap is the lack of data on environmental concentrations and dosimetry generally; iii) there is substantial evidence that there are nano-specific effects (different from both ions and larger particles) in the environment in terms of fate, bioavailability and toxicity, but this is not consistent for all NMs, species and all relevant processes; iv) a paradigm is emerging that NMs are less toxic than equivalent dissolved materials but more toxic than the corresponding bulk materials; v) translation of incompletely understood science into regulation and policy continues to be challenging. There is a developing consensus that NMs may pose a relatively low environmental risk, however, with the uncertainty and lack of data in many areas, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. In addition, this emerging consensus will likely change rapidly with qualitative changes in the technology and increased future discharges. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 1: The LBNF and DUNE Projects

This document presents the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) put forward by an international neutrino community to pursue the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF/DUNE), a groundbreaking science experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies and for neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. The DUNE far detector will be a very large modular liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) located deep underground, coupled to the LBNF multi-megawatt wide-band neutrino beam. DUNE will also have a high-resolution and high-precision near detector