Delayed ileal perforation from sodium polystyrene sulfonate

International audienc

Évaluation des risques pour la santé humaine et l’environnement et recommandations pour leurmaîtrise, dans le cadre de l’administration des médicaments vétérinaires antiparasitaires externes sous forme de bains, douches et pulvérisations en élevages de ruminants

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Evaluation des risques pour la santé humaine et l’environnement et recommandations pour leur maîtrise, dans le cadre de l’administration des médicaments vétérinaires antiparasitaires externes sous forme de bains, douches et pulvérisations en élevages ruminants. (Saisine n° 2018-SA-0269). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 282 p.L’émergence ou la réémergence de maladies vectorielles dont les agents pathogènes sonttransmis par des insectes ou des tiques, l’augmentation de la prévalence de la galepsoroptique chez les ruminants, conduisent les vétérinaires à prescrire entre autres destraitements antiparasitaires externes (APE) sous forme de bains, douches, pulvérisations(BDP). Ces antiparasitaires sont des organophosphorés (OP), des pyréthrinoïdes ou encoreun inhibiteur de la croissance larvaire.Ces traitements occasionnent une exposition des travailleurs aux émulsions antiparasitairesavec des risques potentiels pour l’utilisateur (pulvérisations et inhalation, bains/douches etéclaboussures…) et pour l’environnement (ruissellements des émulsions lors de pulvérisation,douche, épandage des reliquats de baignoire…). De plus, des défauts d’efficacité observésvis-à-vis de certaines myiases (Wohlfahrtia magnifica) conduisent à des pratiques éloignéesdes recommandations de prescription (surconcentrations, mélanges de différentes molécules,applications locales…).Les recommandations peuprécises des résumés des caractéristiques du produit (RCP)induisent un questionnement de la part des utilisateurs en termes de prévention de la santédes professionnels, d’impact environnemental notamment lié à l’élimination des effluents desélevages. Il en découle une nécessité de préciser davantage les pratiques d’utilisation de cesmédicaments vétérinaires

Mutations in DNAJB13 , Encoding an HSP40 Family Member, Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Male Infertility

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal-recessive disease due to functional or ultra-structural defects of motile cilia. Affected individuals display recurrent respiratory-tract infections; most males are infertile as a result of sperm flagellar dysfunction. The great majority of the PCD-associated genes identified so far encode either components of dynein arms (DAs), which are multiprotein-ATPase complexes essential for ciliary motility, or proteins involved in DA assembly. To identify the molecular basis of a PCD phenotype characterized by central complex (CC) defects but normal DA structure, a phenotype found in ∼15% of cases, we performed whole-exome sequencing in a male individual with PCD and unexplained CC defects. This analysis, combined with whole-genome SNP genotyping, identified a homozygous mutation in DNAJB13 (c.833T>G), a gene encoding a HSP40 co-chaperone whose ortholog in the flagellated alga Chlamydomonas localizes to the radial spokes. In vitro studies showed that this missense substitution (p.Met278Arg), which involves a highly conserved residue of several HSP40 family members, leads to protein instability and triggers proteasomal degradation, a result confirmed by the absence of endogenous DNAJB13 in cilia and sperm from this individual. Subsequent DNAJB13 analyses identified another homozygous mutation in a second family; the study of DNAJB13 transcripts obtained from airway cells showed that this mutation (c.68+1G>C) results in a splicing defect consistent with a loss-of-function mutation. Overall, this study, which establishes mutations in DNAJB13 as a cause of PCD, unveils the key role played by DNAJB13 in the proper formation and function of ciliary and flagellar axonemes in humans

Sotrovimab therapy elicits antiviral activities against Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in sera of immunocompromised patients [letter]

International audienc

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed