230 research outputs found

    The hypomethylating agent Decitabine causes a paradoxical increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in human leukemia cells

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    The USFDA approved "epigenetic drug", Decitabine, exerts its effect by hypomethylating DNA, demonstrating the pivotal role aberrant genome-wide DNA methylation patterns play in cancer ontology. Using sensitive technologies in a cellular model of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, we demonstrate that while Decitabine reduces the global levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), it results in paradoxical increase of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) levels. Hitherto, the only biological mechanism known to generate 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC, involving oxidation of 5mC by members of Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) dioxygenase family, was not observed to undergo any alteration during DAC treatment. Using a multi-compartmental model of DNA methylation, we show that partial selectivity of TET enzymes for hemi-methylated CpG dinucleotides could lead to such alterations in 5hmC content. Furthermore, we investigated the binding of TET1-catalytic domain (CD)-GFP to DNA by Fluorescent Correlation Spectroscopy in live cells and detected the gradual increase of the DNA bound fraction of TET1-CD-GFP after treatment with Decitabine. Our study provides novel insights on the therapeutic activity of DAC in the backdrop of the newly discovered derivatives of 5mC and suggests that 5hmC has the potential to serve as a biomarker for monitoring the clinical success of patients receiving DAC

    Acute depletion of Tet1-dependent 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels impairs LIF/Stat3 signaling and results in loss of embryonic stem cell identity

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    The TET family of FE(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzymes (Tet1/2/3) promote DNA demethylation by converting 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which they further oxidize into 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine. Tet1 is robustly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and has been implicated in mESC maintenance. Here we demonstrate that, unlike genetic deletion, RNAi-mediated depletion of Tet1 in mESCs led to a significant reduction in 5hmC and loss of mESC identity. The differentiation phenotype due to Tet1 depletion positively correlated with the extent of 5hmC loss. Meta-analyses of genomic data sets suggested interaction between Tet1 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling. LIF signaling is known to promote self-renewal and pluripotency in mESCs partly by opposing MAPK/ERK-mediated differentiation. Withdrawal of LIF leads to differentiation of mESCs. We discovered that Tet1 depletion impaired LIF-dependent Stat3-mediated gene activation by affecting Stat3's ability to bind to its target sites on chromatin. Nanog overexpression or inhibition of MAPK/ERK signaling, both known to maintain mESCs in the absence of LIF, rescued Tet1 depletion, further supporting the dependence of LIF/Stat3 signaling on Tet1. These data support the conclusion that analysis of mESCs in the hours/days immediately following efficient Tet1 depletion reveals Tet1's normal physiological role in maintaining the pluripotent state that may be subject to homeostatic compensation in genetic models

    TET proteins and the control of cytosine demethylation in cancer

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    Driver mutations of cancer epigenomes

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    Lauwin-planque (Nord). Rue du Calvaire

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    Le projet de construction d’un lotissement rue du Calvaire, sur la commune de Lauwin-Planque a donnĂ© lieu Ă  la prescription d’un diagnostic archĂ©ologique par le Service rĂ©gional de l’archĂ©ologie. L’opĂ©ration menĂ©e par la CommunautĂ© d’agglomĂ©ration du Douaisis - Direction de l’archĂ©ologie prĂ©ventive, s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e du 17 juin au 5 juillet 2013 sur une surface de 21 031 mÂČ. Les sondages ont mis en Ă©vidence des vestiges archĂ©ologiques datĂ©s du NĂ©olithique Ă  la pĂ©riode contemporaine et plus parti..

    Le lieu-dit « La Couturelle » à Sailly-en-Ostrevent (Pas-de-Calais) : une position stratégique militaire ?

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    Depuis une dizaine d'années, la mise en ligne des photographies aériennes et/ou satellitaires permet la détection de nouveaux sites archéologiques non visibles depuis le sol. Cette notice présente les recherches effectuées sur un hypothétique fort et un campement militaire du XVIIe siÚcle, détectés sur la commune de Sailly-en-Ostrevent (Pas-de-Calais) par cette méthode*. 1. Contexte géographique. La commune de Sailly-en-Ostrevent se situe dans le canton de Vitry-en-Artois, pratiquement au..

    Formes circulantes du virus de l’hĂ©patite B et nouveaux marqueurs viraux

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    Chronic hepatitis B remains a major public health problem. Knowledge about the complex morphogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been evolving since its discovery. Classical viral markers used in clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of patients are only partially informative. New viral markers are being proposed and their clinical utility is under investigation. We focused on developing a system to study the different viral forms circulating in patient plasma according to the genotype and HBeAg status. In parallel, we studied the contribution of new markers such as ultrasensitive HBsAg, HBcrAg, and HBV-RNA in different clinical settings. The results confirm the presence of enveloped RNA-containing particles in plasmas and reveal an abundant circulation of genome-free capsids enveloped with or without HBs proteins depending on the HBeAg status. Concerning viral markers, the use of an ultrasensitive HBsAg assay on samples previously identified as HBsAg negative with conventional assays led to a change of the serological profile interpretation in nearly a quarter of the cases. HBcrAg and HBV-RNA tested on samples at inclusion in the CirVir cohort seem not predictive of a clinical event. This work allowed to characterize HBV particles and markers whose roles and clinical impact remain to be determined.L’hĂ©patite B chronique demeure un problĂšme de santĂ© public majeur. Les connaissances sur la morphogenĂšse complexe du virus de l’hĂ©patite B (VHB) ne cessent d’évoluer depuis sa dĂ©couverte. Les marqueurs virologiques classiques utilisĂ©s en pratique clinique ne sont que partiellement informatifs pour le diagnostic et le suivi des patients. Des marqueurs Ă©mergents sont proposĂ©s dont l’utilitĂ© clinique est Ă  l’étude. Nos travaux de recherche se sont attachĂ©s Ă  dĂ©velopper un systĂšme pour Ă©tudier les diffĂ©rentes formes virales circulantes au niveau plasmatique, en fonction du gĂ©notype et du statut vis-Ă -vis de l’AgHBe. En parallĂšle, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© l’apport des nouveaux marqueurs tels que l’AgHBs ultrasensible, l’HBcrAg, et l’ARN-VHB dans diffĂ©rentes situations cliniques. Les rĂ©sultats confirment la prĂ©sence de particules enveloppĂ©es contenant de l’ARN dans les plasmas et rĂ©vĂšlent une circulation abondante de capsides sans acide nuclĂ©ique enveloppĂ©es avec ou sans protĂ©ines HBs selon le statut de l’AgHBe. Concernant l’étude des marqueurs viraux, l’utilisation d’un test AgHBs dit ultrasensible, sur des Ă©chantillons initialement testĂ©s nĂ©gatifs par les tests AgHBs courants, a conduit Ă  un changement d’interprĂ©tation du profil sĂ©rologique dans prĂšs d’un quart des cas. Les marqueurs HBcrAg et ARN-VHB, testĂ©s sur le prĂ©lĂšvement Ă  l’inclusion dans la cohorte CirVir, ne semblent pas prĂ©dictifs de la survenue d’un Ă©vĂšnement clinique. En alliant une approche novatrice et des tests standardisĂ©s, ce travail a permis de mieux caractĂ©riser les formes virales et les nouveaux marqueurs dont le rĂŽle et l’impact clinique restent Ă  dĂ©terminer

    Circulating hepatitis B virus forms and new viral markers

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    L’hĂ©patite B chronique demeure un problĂšme de santĂ© public majeur. Les connaissances sur la morphogenĂšse complexe du virus de l’hĂ©patite B (VHB) ne cessent d’évoluer depuis sa dĂ©couverte. Les marqueurs virologiques classiques utilisĂ©s en pratique clinique ne sont que partiellement informatifs pour le diagnostic et le suivi des patients. Des marqueurs Ă©mergents sont proposĂ©s dont l’utilitĂ© clinique est Ă  l’étude. Nos travaux de recherche se sont attachĂ©s Ă  dĂ©velopper un systĂšme pour Ă©tudier les diffĂ©rentes formes virales circulantes au niveau plasmatique, en fonction du gĂ©notype et du statut vis-Ă -vis de l’AgHBe. En parallĂšle, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© l’apport des nouveaux marqueurs tels que l’AgHBs ultrasensible, l’HBcrAg, et l’ARN-VHB dans diffĂ©rentes situations cliniques. Les rĂ©sultats confirment la prĂ©sence de particules enveloppĂ©es contenant de l’ARN dans les plasmas et rĂ©vĂšlent une circulation abondante de capsides sans acide nuclĂ©ique enveloppĂ©es avec ou sans protĂ©ines HBs selon le statut de l’AgHBe. Concernant l’étude des marqueurs viraux, l’utilisation d’un test AgHBs dit ultrasensible, sur des Ă©chantillons initialement testĂ©s nĂ©gatifs par les tests AgHBs courants, a conduit Ă  un changement d’interprĂ©tation du profil sĂ©rologique dans prĂšs d’un quart des cas. Les marqueurs HBcrAg et ARN-VHB, testĂ©s sur le prĂ©lĂšvement Ă  l’inclusion dans la cohorte CirVir, ne semblent pas prĂ©dictifs de la survenue d’un Ă©vĂšnement clinique. En alliant une approche novatrice et des tests standardisĂ©s, ce travail a permis de mieux caractĂ©riser les formes virales et les nouveaux marqueurs dont le rĂŽle et l’impact clinique restent Ă  dĂ©terminer.Chronic hepatitis B remains a major public health problem. Knowledge about the complex morphogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been evolving since its discovery. Classical viral markers used in clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of patients are only partially informative. New viral markers are being proposed and their clinical utility is under investigation. We focused on developing a system to study the different viral forms circulating in patient plasma according to the genotype and HBeAg status. In parallel, we studied the contribution of new markers such as ultrasensitive HBsAg, HBcrAg, and HBV-RNA in different clinical settings. The results confirm the presence of enveloped RNA-containing particles in plasmas and reveal an abundant circulation of genome-free capsids enveloped with or without HBs proteins depending on the HBeAg status. Concerning viral markers, the use of an ultrasensitive HBsAg assay on samples previously identified as HBsAg negative with conventional assays led to a change of the serological profile interpretation in nearly a quarter of the cases. HBcrAg and HBV-RNA tested on samples at inclusion in the CirVir cohort seem not predictive of a clinical event. This work allowed to characterize HBV particles and markers whose roles and clinical impact remain to be determined

    Electricité et géographie,

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    Pronier Jean. Electricité et géographie,. In: Le Globe. Revue genevoise de géographie, tome 89, 1950. pp. 14-15
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