Azospirillum brasilense associado a pós de rocha no cultivo de milho orgânico.

A inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense pode auxiliar na nutrição nitrogenada em milho, sobretudo em condições de cultivo orgânico em que fontes solúveis de N são evitadas. Além da fonte biológica de N, a associação dessa bactéria pode melhorar o estado nutricional em relação a outros nutrientes, quando as plantas recebem fontes de baixa solubilidade como pós de rocha. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação de A. brasilense em milho sob sistema de produção orgânico, em combinação com pós de basalto de três origens geológicas e fosfato natural fosforita. O experimento foi realizado em duas localidades, Cruz Machado- PR e Irineópolis-SC, no segundo ano de avaliação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos de pós de rocha (parcela), em milho inoculado ou não com A. brasilense (subparcela), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 3 Mg/ha de pó de basalto I, II e III, 1 Mg/ha de fosfato natural, 3 Mg/ha de pó de basalto I + 1 Mg/ha de fosfato natural e um controle sem rochagem. O milho (variedade crioula Caiano) foi consorciado com feijão de porco na entrelinha. No florescimento, avaliaram-se os teores de N e P nas folhas e a ocorrência de bactérias diazotróficas endofíticas na região da coroa das plantas. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e aplicado o teste Tukey a 5 %. Na área de Cruz Machado, o teor de N nas plantas foi maior nos tratamentos inoculados com A. brasilense, exceto na testemunha sem pó de rocha. Em Irineópolis, não houve efeito dos tratamentos ou subtratamentos. Já o teor de P nas plantas não foi alterado pelos tratamentos ou subtratamentos em Cruz Machado, mas em Irienópolis o milho inoculado apresentou maior teor de P que o não inoculado, e quando inoculadas, as plantas do tratamento com pó de basalto + fosfato natural apresentaram maior teor de P em relação às da testemunha. No geral, nas duas áreas houve maior densidade de bactérias diazotróficas endofíticas nas plantas inoculadas, o que inclui não só A. brasilense, mas também outras bactérias que podem estar contribuindo para a fixação do N2 e promoção do crescimento vegetal. A inoculação com A. brasilense foi eficiente na melhora da nutrição do milho não apenas em relação ao N, mas em alguns casos também em relação ao P, casos em que também houve maior colonização por bactérias diazotróficas no interior da planta.Resumo, 1400-1

Aspectos nutricionais e fisiológicos em genótipos de soja com diferentes níveis de tolerância à restrição hídrica.

A fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) é indispensável para a viabilidade da cultura da soja em termos econômicos e ambientais. Entretanto, a ocorrência de veranicos prejudica a cultura e a FBN. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar aspectos nutricionais e fisiológicos em genótipos de soja com capacidade de manter a FBN em condições de restrição hídrica (30% CC), em comparação com a condição normal (70% CC). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, com sete repetições, com as linhagens R01-581F, R01-416F, R02-1325, com capacidade de manter a FBN em condições de seca, e os padrões CD 215 e BRS 317, sob suprimento adequado de água (70% CC), ou sob restrição hídrica (30% CC) entre 45 e 55 dias. Avaliaram-se os teores de N e K na parte aérea, a taxa fotossintética e transpiratória das plantas, e a concentração de N-ureídos (alantoína + ácido alantóico) nos pecíolos e nódulos. Os genótipos R01-581F, R01-416F e R02-1325 apresentaram os maiores teores de N e K, independente da condição hídrica. A condição de 30% CC não influenciou no teor de K para os genótipos R01-518F, R01-416F e R02-1325. Apenas o genótipo R01-581F não apresentou diminuição da fotossíntese em condição de 30% CC, e teve a maior taxa transpiratória quando submetido à restrição hídrica. A 30% CC os genótipos R02-1325, CD 215 e BRS 317 tiveram aumento da concentração de N-ureídos em pecíolos, e para os nódulos, todos os genótipos aumentaram a concentração de N-ureídos nessa condição.Fertbio

The annual recurrence risk model for tailored surveillance strategy in patients with cervical cancer

Purpose: Current guidelines for surveillance strategy in cervical cancer are rigid, recommending the same strategy for all survivors. The aim of this study was to develop a robust model allowing for individualised surveillance based on a patient's risk profile. Methods: Data of 4343 early-stage patients with cervical cancer treated between 2007 and 2016 were obtained from the international SCCAN (Surveillance in Cervical Cancer) consortium. The Cox proportional hazards model predicting disease-free survival (DFS) was developed and internally validated. The risk score, derived from regression coefficients of the model, stratified the cohort into significantly distinctive risk groups. On its basis, the annual recurrence risk model (ARRM) was calculated. Results: Five variables were included in the prognostic model: maximal pathologic tumour diameter; tumour histotype; grade; number of positive pelvic lymph nodes; and lymphovascular space invasion. Five risk groups significantly differing in prognosis were identified with a five-year DFS of 97.5%, 94.7%, 85.2% and 63.3% in increasing risk groups, whereas a two-year DFS in the highest risk group equalled 15.4%. Based on the ARRM, the annual recurrence risk in the lowest risk group was below 1% since the beginning of follow-up and declined below 1% at years three, four and >5 in the medium-risk groups. In the whole cohort, 26% of recurrences appeared at the first year of the follow-up, 48% by year two and 78% by year five. Conclusion: The ARRM represents a potent tool for tailoring the surveillance strategy in early-stage patients with cervical cancer based on the patient's risk status and respective annual recurrence risk. It can easily be used in routine clinical settings internationally

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Water restriction and physiological traits in soybean genotypes contrasting for nitrogen fixation drought tolerance.

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Indicators of soil quality in the implantation of no-till system with winter crops.

We assessed the effect of different winter crops on indicators of soil quality related to C and N cycling and C fractions in a Rhodic Kandiudult under no-till system at implantation, during two growing seasons, in Londrina PR Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split-plot in time arrangement, with four replications. The parcels were the winter crops: multicropping of cover crops with black oat (Avena strigosa), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and fodder radish (Raphanus sativus); sunflower (Heliantus annuus) intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis; corn (Zea mays) intercropped with Urochloa; and corn; fodder radish; or wheat (Triticum aestivum) as sole crops. The subplots were the years: 2008 and 2009. Determinations consisted of total organic C, labile and resistant C, total N, microbial biomass C and N, the C/N ratio of soil organic matter, and the microbial quotient (qMic), besides microbiological and biochemical attributes, assessed only in 2009. The attributes significantly changed with the winter crops, especially the multicropping of cover crops and fodder radish, as well as effect of years. Despite stimulating the microbiological/biochemical activity, fodder radish cropping decreased the soil C in the second year, likewise the wheat cropping. The multicropping of cover crops in winter is an option for management in the establishment of no-till system, which contributes to increase the concentrations of C and stimulate the soil microbiological/biochemical activity

Absence of a synergic nigral proapoptotic effect triggered by REM sleep deprivation in the rotenone model of Parkinson´s disease

Excitotoxicity has been related to play a crucial role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) represents one of the major sources of glutamatergic afferences to nigrostriatal pathway and putative reciprocal connectivity between these structures may exert a potential influence on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep control. Also, PPT could be overactive in PD, it seems that dopaminergic neurons are under abnormally high levels of glutamate and consequently might be more vulnerable to neurodegeneration. We decided to investigate the neuroprotective effect of riluzole administration, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, in rats submitted simultaneously to nigrostrial rotenone and 24h of REM sleep deprivation (REMSD). Our findings showed that blocking NMDA glutamatergic receptors in the SNpc, after REMSD challenge, protected the dopaminergic neurons from rotenone lesion. Concerning rotenone-induced hypolocomotion, riluzole reversed this impairment in the control groups. Also, REMSD prevented the occurrence of rotenone-induced motor impairment as a result of dopaminergic supersensitivity. In addition, higher Fluoro Jade C (FJC) staining within the SNpc was associated with decreased cognitive performance observed in rotenone groups. Such effect was counteracted by riluzole suggesting the occurrence of an antiapoptotic effect. Moreover, riluzole did not rescue cognitive impairment impinged by rotenone, REMSD or their combination. These data indicated that reductions of excitotoxicity, by riluzole, partially protected dopamine neurons from neuronal death and appeared to be effective in relieve specific rotenone-induce motor disabilities