1,255 research outputs found

    Conocimientos, hábitos, actitudes y creencias de estudiantes de magisterio sobre el consumo de aguas de bebida envasadas

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    El presente trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación que trata de delimitar y fundamentar propuestas de alfabetización científica utilizando como contexto el “consumo de aguas de bebida envasadas”. En primer lugar se esboza el marco teórico en el que se inserta dicho proyecto y, a continuación, se plantean las razones por las que este contexto se considera adecuado para la alfabetización científica. Se ha explorado, en la fase inicial de la investigación, el bagaje de conocimientos, hábitos, actitudes y creencias que manifiestan estudiantes de Magisterio con respecto a determinados aspectos asociados al consumo de agua de bebida envasada. Se presenta en esta comunicación los resultados obtenidos cuando se les pide a los estudiantes que manifiesten las razones por las que la consumen y se indican algunas conclusiones

    Análisis de la frecuencia cardiaca en el entrenamiento de gimnastas de tumbling

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    En el presente estudio se analiza la frecuencia cardiaca (Fc) durante el entrenamiento de gimnastas de tumbling de nivel nacional e internacional, al objeto de obtener información acerca de cómo discurre a lo largo del mismo y extrapolarlo a la planificación de los volúmenes y las intensidades de los entrenamientos. Para ello se han analizado los registros de la Fc de 8 gimnastas de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 23 años mediante la colocación de un pulsómetro Polar Sport Tester

    Resiliencia en profesionales de la intervención social

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    La resiliencia es un concepto con un enorme potencial para todas aquellas profesiones que reconocen en su objeto de intervención la prevención basada en las fortalezas y recursos propios de las personas y del entorno con el que se relacionan. En base a ello, existen numerosas investigaciones que analizan el papel de la intervención social y de sus profesionales en la construcción de la resiliencia de los individuos, grupos y comunidades hacia los que dirigen su actuación. Sin embargo, son menos frecuentes los trabajos de teorización e investigación centrados en el desarrollo y construcción de esta misma capacidad resiliente en los propios profesionales y en las implicaciones que de ello se deriva para su práctica profesional y para las organizaciones en las que se encuentran. Con el objetivo principal de analizar la presencia de la resiliencia en los profesionales de la intervención social frente a la de otros profesionales no relacionados con la ayuda social, se lleva a cabo una investigación de corte transversal en la que participan 366 sujetos, trabajadores sociales y otros profesionales – informáticos, ingenieros, trabajadores manuales y de servicios- todos ellos de la provincia de Málaga. Se analizan los diferentes los componentes de la resiliencia, siguiendo el modelo de Grotberg (1995). Los resultados apuntan hacia el colectivo de trabajadores sociales como más resilientes que el resto de profesionales.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

    Evaluación del uso apropiado de medicamentos en atención primaria. ¿Cómo se puede mejorar?

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    IntroducciónEl proceso de medicación de un paciente abarca la identificación de su problema de salud, la prescripción para esa indicación por parte del médico, la dispensación farmacéutica y el consumo del fármaco. Los estudios de utilización de medicamentos analizan dicho proceso con el de detectar los factores que alteran el uso correcto de los fármacos.ObjetivoEvaluar la calidad de la prescripción de ciertos medicamentos en atención primaria en función de la indicación para la que fueron prescritos, detectando aquellas características de los pacientes, médicos prescriptores, centros de atención primaria y áreas de salud que influyen en su uso inapropiado.MétodoEstudio prescripción-indicación basado en la estimación de modelos multinivel con bases de datos individualizadas de las prescripciones, que contienen características de las prescripciones, pacientes, médicos, centros de salud y áreas de salud de pertenencia. Estos modelos suponen un avance en este tipo de estudios ya que permiten analizar de forma conjunta la información de distintos niveles y estimar sus respectivas «cuotas de responsabilidad» en la inadecuación de la prescripción.DiscusiónAdemás de su interés metodológico, que puede guiar estudios posteriores, el principal interés del trabajo estriba en su carácter pionero en la utilización masiva de microdatos poblacionales para evaluar la calidad de la prescripción, que proceden de las historias clínicas informatizadas de atención primaria.IntroductionThe process of medicating a patient embraces the identification of the health problem, the doctor’ s prescription to treat this indication, the dispensing of the medicine and its consumption. The studies of use of medicine analyse this process in order to detect those factors that impinge on the correct use of medicines.ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of the prescription of certain primary care medicines as a function of the indication for which they were prescribed, detecting those features of the patients, prescribing doctors, primary care centre and health district that affect their inappropriate use.MethodPrescription-indication study based on the calculation of multiple-level models with individualised data bases for the prescriptions. These include characteristics of the prescriptions, patients, doctors, health centres and the health district involved. These models are a step forward in this kind of study, in that they enable analysis of the information from different levels at the same time as calculation of the respective «degrees of responsibility» for inadequacies of prescription.DiscussionApart from its methodological originality, which may serve for subsequent studies, the main interest of this study lies in the pioneering nature of its massive use of population micro-data to evaluate prescription quality. These data are taken from the computerised clinical records in primary care

    Comparison of Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors in Mexico in 2003 and 2014

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    Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Mexico is very high. This study aimed to compare the risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Mexican adults in 2003 and in 2014. Methods: This study had a repeated cross-sectional design. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) from Mexico (Wave 0, 2003, and Wave 2, 2014) were compared. Self-reported diabetes mellitus (outcome) was evaluated with the yes/no question: “Have you ever been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (high blood sugar)?” Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential risk factors were conducted. Results: In 11 years (2003–2014), the prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in Mexican adults increased by 2.6 times in those younger than 50 years (2003: 2.1%; 2014: 5.5%) and by 1.9 times in those ≥50 years (2003: 12.7%; 2014: 24.2%). In 2003, the risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus were female sex (OR 1.344, 95% CI 1.176–1.536), age ≥50 years (OR 6.734, 95% CI 5.843–7.760), being overweight (OR 1.359, 95% CI 1.175–1.571), obesity (OR 1.871, 95% CI 1.583–2.211), and lower physical activity of <600 MET-minutes/week (OR 1.349, 95% CI 1.117–1.630). In 2014, the exposure characteristics significantly associated with diabetes mellitus were female sex (OR 1.244, 95% CI 1.025–1.511), older age ≥50 years (OR 4.608, 95% CI 3.260–6.515), being overweight (OR 1.649, 95% CI 1.305–2.083), obesity (OR 1.778, 95% CI 1.398–2.261), and in those who had not attended/completed primary school (OR 1.360, 95% CI 1.042–1.773). Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Mexico significantly increased from 2003 to 2014. Female sex, age older than 50 years, and being overweight or obese were significant risk factors in both 2003 and 2014. Not having completed primary school was a new significant risk factor in 2014. Public health policies and strategies should prioritize decreasing the high levels of overweight and obesity, and improve health literacy in Mexico

    Uso de suplementos nutricionales y ayudas ergogénicas en jugadores profesionales de tenis.

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    Introduction: Nutritional supplements and ergogenic aids (NS&EA) are used between training/matches with the goal of enhancing tennis performance. Scientific literature about prevalence and use of NS&EA in professional tennis players is scarce. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the NS&EA used by professional tennis players during a season. Methods: Using a validated self-administered questionnaire, 62 professional male and 9 professional female tennis players (11% in their gender specific top 100 tennis world ranking (i.e., ATP/WTA)) registered all the used NS&EA. Results: Eighty-one percent of the participants declared taking at least one NS&EA. Strength and conditioning trainers (S&C) and tennis coaches were the professionals who recommended most of the NS&EA in the players outside the TOP-100 (OT100; 50.7% and 39.1%, respectively). However, sports nutritionist were the principal advisors in the top-100 tennis players (T100; 62.5%). Sports drinks were the NS&EA most commonly used by all participants (81.7%). T100 participants used caffeine (p = 0.042), creatine (p = 0.001), iron (p = 0.013) and CHO-protein mix (p = 0.033) significantly more frequently that OT100 players. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of NS&EA use among professional tennis players independently of their tennis ranking position. However, T100 tennis player have an increased use of certain substances such us caffeine, creatine, iron and CHO-Protein mix. For the rest of the studied NS&EA the use was similar between T100 and OT100 players. It is possible that the differences in NS&EA use between groups could be related to the different professionals on charge of nutritional advice in T100 vs OT100.Introducción: los suplementos nutricionales/ayudas ergogénicas (NS&EA) son utilizados en los entrenamientos/partidos de tenis con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento. Sin embargo, la literatura científica se encuentras escasos documentos científicos sobre el uso de estas sustancias en tenistas profesionales. Objetivo: describir el uso de NS&EA utilizados por tenistas profesionales durante una temporada. Métodos: se utilizó un cuestionario validado y se evaluó a 62 tenistas profesionales hombres y 9 mujeres (11% entre los 100 mejores del mundo). Resultados: el 81% de los participantes toman al menos un NS&EA. Los preparadores físicos (S&C) y entrenadores de tenis fueron los profesionales preferidos para recomendar NS&EA entre los jugadores fuera del TOP-100 (OT100, 50,7% y 39,1%, respectivamente). Sin embargo, los nutricionistas deportivos fueron los principales asesores de los jugadores entre los 100 mejores del mundo (T100, 62,5%). Las bebidas deportivas fueron los NS&EA más utilizados entre todos los participantes (81,7%). Los tenistas T100 utilizaron cafeína (p = 0,042), creatina (p = 0,001), hierro (p = 0.013) y mezcla de CHO-proteína (p = 0,033) significativamente más frecuentemente que los jugadores OT100. Conclusiones: existe una gran prevalencia de uso de NS&EA entre los tenistas profesionales. Además, los T100 presentan un mayor uso de ciertas sustancias tales como cafeína, creatina, hierro y CHO-proteína. Para el resto de los NS&EA estudiados, el uso fue similar entre los jugadores T100 y OT100. Finalmente, las diferencias en el uso de NS&EA entre grupos pudieran estar relacionadas con los diferentes profesionales escogidos para el asesoramiento nutricional en T100 vs. OT100.post-print691 K

    Molecular gas at supernova local environments unveiled by EDGE

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    CO observations allow estimations of the gas content of molecular clouds, which trace the reservoir of cold gas fuelling star formation, as well as to determine extinction via H2_2 column density, N(H2_2). Here, we studied millimetric and optical properties at 26 supernovae (SNe) locations of different types in a sample of 23 nearby galaxies by combining molecular 12^{12}C16^{16}O (J = 1 \rightarrow 0) resolved maps from the EDGE survey and optical Integral Field Spectroscopy from the CALIFA survey. We found an even clearer separation between type II and type Ibc SNe in terms of molecular gas than what we found in the optical using Hα\alpha emission as a proxy for current SF rate, which reinforces the fact that SNe Ibc are more associated with SF-environments. While AV_V at SN locations is similar for SNe II and SNe Ibc, and higher compared to SNe Ia, N(H2_2) is significantly higher for SNe Ibc than for SNe II and SNe Ia. When compared to alternative extinction estimations directly from SN photometry and spectroscopy, we find that our SNe Ibc have also redder color excess but showed standard Na I D absorption pseudo-equivalent widths (\sim1 \AA). In some cases we find no extinction when estimated from the environment, but high amounts of extinction when measured from SN observations, which suggests that circumstellar material or dust sublimation may be playing a role. This work serves as a benchmark for future studies combining last generation millimeter and optical IFS instruments to reveal the local environmental properties of extragalactic SNe.Comment: MNRAS accepted, 17 pages, 8 Figures, 4 Table

    Tendencia hacia biocombustibles de origen leñoso

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    Del 21 al 23 de octubre de 2014 se celebró Expobiomasa (www. expobiomasa.es) en la Feria de Valladolid, publicitada como la feria de los profesionales de la Biomasa y que sucede a la que, en años anteriores, se denominaba Expobioenergía. Se trata de un evento especializado organizado con periodicidad anual por la Asociación Española de Valorización Energética de la Biomasa (AVEBIOM

    Chemi-Structural Stabilization of Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite by Using Embedded Quantum Dots

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    The approaches to stabilize the perovskite structure of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) commonly result in a blue shift of the band gap, which limits the maximum photoconversion efficiency. Here, we report the use of PbS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) as a stabilizing agent, preserving the original low band gap of 1.5 eV. The surface chemistry of PbS plays a pivotal role by developing strong bonds with the black phase but weak ones with the yellow phase. As a result, a stable perovskite FAPI black phase can be formed at temperatures as low as 85 °C in just 10 min, setting a record of concomitantly fast and low-temperature formation for FAPI, with important consequences for industrialization. FAPI thin films obtained through this procedure reach an open-circuit potential (Voc) of 1.105 V, 91% of the maximum theoretical Voc, and preserve the efficiency for more than 700 h. These findings reveal the potential of strategies exploiting the chemi-structural properties of external additives to relax the tolerance factor and optimize the optoelectronic performance of perovskite materials

    A top-down scenario for the formation of massive Tidal Dwarf Galaxies

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    Among those objects formed out of collisional debris during galaxy mergers, the prominent gaseous accumulations observed near the tip of some long tidal tails are the most likely to survive long enough to form genuine recycled galaxies. Using simple numerical models, Bournaud, Duc & Masset (2003) claimed that tidal objects as massive as 10^9 Msun could only form, in these simulations, within extended dark matter (DM) haloes. We present here a new set of simulations of galaxy collisions to further investigate the structure of tidal tails. First of all, we checked that massive objects are still produced in full N-body codes that include feedback and a large number of particles. Using a simpler N-body code with rigid haloes, we noticed that dissipation and self-gravity in the tails, although important, are not the key factors. Exploiting toy models, we found that, for truncated DM haloes, material is stretched along the tail, while, within extended haloes, the tidal field can efficiently carry away from the disk a large fraction of the gas, while maintaining its surface density to a high value. This creates a density enhancement near the tip of the tail. Only later-on, self-gravity takes over; the gas clouds collapse and start forming stars. Thus, such objects were fundamentally formed following a kinematical process, according to a top-down scenario, contrary to the less massive Super Star Clusters that are also present around mergers. This conclusion leads us to introduce a restrictive definition for Tidal Dwarf Galaxies (TDGs) and their progenitors, considering only the most massive ones, initially mostly made of gas, that were able to pile up in the tidal tails. More simulations will be necessary to precisely determine the fate of these proto--TDGs and estimate their number.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
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