Formulación de un plan de negocios para el desarrollo y comercialización de un aplicativo móvil encaminado a la gestión de reservas de canchas deportivas en el sector de Chapinero y Teusaquillo

EmprendimientoEl aplicativo desarrollado permitirá la gestión de reserva de canchas deportivas, facilitando al usuario el acceso y brindando un servicio de calidad. Se realiza un estudio de mercados para identificar la población objetivo y los establecimientos rentables para la adquisición de nuestro producto, posteriormente se elabora un estudio organizacional, técnico y financiero los cuales permite determinar la rentabilidad del aplicativo.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. ESTUDIO DE MERCADO 3. ESTUDIO ADMINISTRATIVO 4. ESTUDIO TÉCNICO 5. ESTUDIO FINANCIERO 6. CONCLUSIONES 7. RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍAPregradoIngeniero Industria

Impacto del biocarbón en el suelo agrícola

As a result of poor agricultural management practices, the soil suffers degradation evidenced by erosion, acidification, contamination by heavy metals and pesticides, compaction, salinization, waterlogging, or loss of organic matter, among others. Among the strategies for soil amendment are ecological intensification and organic amendments such as crop residues, green manures and animals, biosolids, composting and anaerobic digestion. A specific strategy is the use of biochar, which can be seen as a combination of chemical fertilization and bioremediation. This manuscript focuses on describing the impact of the use of biochar on the balance of the properties of agricultural soils, reviewing the physical, chemical, and biological phenomena since its incorporation, as well as its origin and current technologies for its production. Biochar has its own macro and micropores that improve soil structure and properties such as pH, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content, and is a contributor of nutrients.Como resultado de las inadecuadas prácticas de manejo agrícola, el suelo sufre erosión, acidificación, contaminación por metales pesados y plaguicidas, compactación, salinización, encharcamiento, pérdida de materia orgánica, entre otros. Dentro de las estrategias para la recuperación edáfica están la intensificación ecológica y las enmiendas orgánicas, como residuos de cultivos, abonos verdes y de animales, biosólidos, compostaje y digestión anaeróbica. Una estrategia puntual es el empleo del biocarbón, que puede verse como una combinación de fertilización química y biorremediación. El presente artículo se enfoca en describir el impacto del uso del biocarbón en el equilibrio de las propiedades de los suelos agrícolas, revisando los fenómenos físicos, químicos y biológicos desde su incorporación, así como su origen y las tecnologías actuales para su producción. El biocarbón presenta macro y microporos propios que mejoran la estructura del suelo y propiedades como el pH, la capacidad de intercambio catiónico, contenido de carbono orgánico, y es aportante de nutrientes

Empresa de energía de Pereira una apuesta por la sustentabilidad a través de la educación ambiental. caso de estudio I.E. Camilo Torres E I.E la dulcera

De acuerdo a las condiciones actuales en las que se encuentra el planeta, y a las limitaciones o barreras que surgen. nace la necesidad de crear estrategias para dar continuidad a procesos tan importantes como la educación ambiental. es por esto que, desde el programa de Administración Ambiental de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, en apoyo con la Empresa de Energía de Pereira (EEP), surge la idea de crear espacios propicios para ejercer y fortalecer la educación ambiental en la institución educativa Deogracias Cardona, sede Camilo Torres y sede La Dulcera. con enfoque en 4 ejes temáticos: agua, residuos sólidos, fauna y flora, y por último suelo. apoyados en las tecnologías de la información..

Estrategias para la empleabilidad de algunos profesionales del sector de la salud.

En este documento se presenta el informe de la investigación acerca de los recursos sociales que refieren algunos profesionales de diferentes disciplinar para mantenerse empleables en el sector de la salud. Preguntarse por estos recursos constituye un tema de importancia para la psicología organizacional y del trabajo, por el hecho de que permite explorar una temática actual de interés que se enmarca en las nuevas lógicas de mercado de trabajo. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad organizadas a través del atlas ti para ser analizadas a partir de la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación muestran que las estrategias desarrolladas por los profesionales son importantes para que estos se mantengan empleables, en especial aquellas que les permiten hacerse visibles ante los demás profesionales del sector de la salud por medio de su desempeño y cumplimiento oportuno y eficiente de tareas, así como el establecimiento de relaciones con personas que los puedan referenciar en otros contextos organizacionales

Microencapsulation of Red Sorghum Phenolic Compounds with Esterified Sorghum Starch as Encapsulant Materials by Spray Drying

Fenolni spojevi imaju antioksidacijska svojstva, ali su vrlo osjetljive molekule, što ograničava njihovu upotrebu. Iz tog razloga je kao učinkovit materijal za njihovu inkapsulaciju predložen ekstrudirani esterificirani škrob. Svrha je ovog istraživanja bila opisati metodu inkapsulacije fenolnih spojeva izoliranih iz crvenog sirka sušenjem raspršivanjem pomoću ekstrudiranog fosforiliranog, acetiliranog te dvostruko esterificiranog škroba iz bijelog sirka. Prinosi inkapsulacije bili su 77,4; 67,4 i 56,8 %, a učinkovitost 91,4; 89,7 i 84,6 %. Stupanj supstitucije potvrdio je esterifikaciju škroba, a Fourierovom transformacijom crvenog spektra (FTIR) dokazano je da je došlo do bitnih kemijskih i strukturnih promjena u ekstrudiranom škrobu s fenolnim spojevima. Mikrokapsule od fosforiliranog škroba imale su najveću endotermnu tranziciju (173,89 °C) i omogućile bolju zaštitu fenolnih spojeva pri skladištenju na 60 °C tijekom 35 dana nego ostali inkapsulacijski materijali. Dokazano je da je ekstrudirani esterificirani škrob bijelog sirka dobar za zaštitu fenolnih spojeva jer ima veliku učinkovitost inkapsulacije i stabilnost tijekom skladištenja.Phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties are highly sensitive molecules, which limits their application. In response, extruded esterified starch has been proposed as efficient encapsulating material. In this work, we aim to describe the encapsulation of red sorghum phenolic compounds by spray drying using extruded phosphorylated, acetylated and double esterified sorghum starch as wall material. Their respective encapsulation yields were 77.4, 67.4 and 56.8 %, and encapsulation efficiency 91.4, 89.7 and 84.6 %. Degree of substitution confirmed esterification of the sorghum starch and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the significant chemical and structural changes in the extruded esterified starch loaded with phenolic compounds. Microcapsules from phosphorylated sorghum starch showed the highest endothermic transition (173.89 °C) and provided a greater protection of the phenolic compounds during storage at 60 °C for 35 days than the other wall materials. Extruded esterified sorghum starch proved to be effective material for the protection of phenolic compounds due to its high encapsulation efficiency and stability during storage

Ambulatory health service users' experience of waiting time and expenditure and factors associated with the perception of low quality of care in Mexico

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A principal reason for low use of public health care services is the perception of inferior quality of care. Studying health service user (HSU) experiences with their care and their perception of health service quality is critical to understanding health service utilization. The aim of this study was to define reference points for some aspects of health care quality and to analyze which HSU experiences resulted in perceptions of overall low quality of care.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data from the National Health Survey 2006 were used to compare the experiences of HSUs with their ambulatory care at Ministry of Health and affiliated institutions (MOH), social security institutions (SSI) and private institutions (PrivI). Reference points of quality of care related to waiting time and expenditure were defined for each of the three types of institutions by analyzing HSU experiences rated as 'acceptable'. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the principal factors associated with the general perception of low quality of care.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 11,959 HSUs were included in the analysis, of whom 37.6% (n = 4,500) HSUs received care at MOH facilities; 31.2% (n = 3,730) used SSI and 31.2% (n = 3,729) PrivI. An estimated travel and waiting time of 10 minutes respectively was rated as acceptable by HSUs from all institutions. The differences between the waiting time rated as acceptable and the actual waiting time were the largest for SSI (30 min) in comparison to MoH (20 min) and PrivI (5 min) users. The principal factors associated with an overall perception of low quality of care are type of institution (OR 4.36; 95% CI 2.95-6.44), waiting time (OR 3.20; 95% CI 2.35-4.35), improvement of health after consultation (OR 2.93; CI 2.29-3.76) and consultation length of less than 20 minutes (2.03; 95% CI 1.60-2.57).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The reference points derived by the HSUs' own ratings are useful in identifying where quality improvements are required. Prioritizing the reduction of waiting times and improving health status improvement after consultation would increase overall quality of care ratings.</p

The political economy of progressive fiscal contracts in Africa and Latin America

Motivation How can poorer developing countries escape from the vicious circle in which, because the state is fragile, those countries cannot raise sufficient public revenue to be able to finance development, leading to the persistence of poverty and state fragility? We explore a new approach to this problem, which we call progressive fiscal contracts, in which government earmarks the proceeds of particular taxes to be spent on forms of expenditure which will have widespread benefits for lower income groups, such as health, education and social protection. Taxpayers are thus offered a contractual relationship with government (better‐targeted delivery of public services in return for tax payments) in place of a coercive one (simply being ordered to pay taxes, with nothing being offered in exchange). We seek to examine whether this kind of contractual approach offers a way forward for developing countries. Purpose Across five countries (Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Ghana and Zambia) between 2000 and 2015, we seek to find out whether tax yields have improved following the introduction of progressive fiscal contracts, whether conflict and poverty have declined, and whether there have been countervailing costs in terms of reduced efficiency. We also examine the experience of two countries (Brazil and Chile) where there is no formal ear‐marking but government has encouraged the public to think of particular taxes as being associated with particular forms of expenditure. Approach and methods We assess the impact of changes in tax yields, welfare indicators and conflict indicators by means of panel‐data regressions, tabular comparisons and, in Bolivia, qualitative interviews. Changes in efficiency are assessed through examination of changes in tax structure. Findings Across all of the countries surveyed, the introduction of progressive fiscal contracts has been associated with a reduction in headcount poverty between 2000 and 2015, and in Bolivia our qualitative evidence suggests that the relationship can be seen as a causal one. In three cases out of five (Ghana, Bolivia and Ecuador) tax yields have increased, and in two (Ecuador and Bolivia) there was a significant reduction in political violence. In the Latin American cases examined, but not the African ones, there was a shift from royalty‐based taxation to income‐based taxation of natural resources, suggesting the likelihood of an improvement in efficiency over the period in those countries only. In these cases, the stereotypical view that progressive fiscal contracts improve equity at the expense of efficiency is contradicted. Policy implications (or conclusions) ‘Progressive fiscal contracts’, which originated as a device for making tax payments more palatable by offering social benefits in return, show promise as an innovative strategy for boosting tax ratios, reducing political violence and reducing poverty, which deserves further exploration

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Experiencias en el aula: tercer encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras.

Experiencias de profesores en su quehacer en los distintos ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales y a distancia.Para el Centro de Excelencia Docente aeiou constituye un honor presentar la publicación del Tercer Encuentro de Prácticas Pedagógicas Innovadoras en el que se destacan cuarenta trabajos de profesores de UNIMINUTO provenientes de diferentes sedes. Con este encuentro son ya tres que bajo la dirección de aeiou los profesores han compartido su quehacer en los distintos ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales y a distancia. Cada año el Centro de Excelencia Docente invita a los profesores a participar en este evento, para el 2108 además de la inscripción voluntaria por parte de cada profesor, se invitó al estudiantado a que postularan a sus profesores que consideraban eran innovadores y creativos en el cumplimiento de su función docente y se obtuvo una respuesta importante por parte de los estudiantes, que para algunos profesores resultó sorpresiva porque quizás no habían considerado que el trabajo que hacían en su ambiente de aprendizaje era diferente, fuera de lo común. Luego de una evaluación de jurados nacionales e internacionales de las prácticas presentadas y de la realización del evento, que tuvo como novedad hacerlo de forma simultánea en cuatro sedes donde UNIMINUTO tiene presencia: Buga, Ibagué, Pereira y Bogotá, se comparte la presente publicación para tener como referencia y evidencia el trabajo que los profesores hacen a diario