Is Near-Infrared Spectroscopy a Reliable Method to Evaluate Clamping Ischemia during Carotid Surgery?

Guidelines do not include cerebral oximetry among monitoring for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the detection of clamping ischemia and in the prevention of clamping-related neurologic deficits using, as a cutoff for shunting, a 20% regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) decrease if persistent more than 4 minutes, otherwise a 25% rSO2 decrease. Bilateral rSO2 was monitored continuously in patients undergoing CEA under general anesthesia (GA). Data was recorded after clamping, declamping, during shunting and lowest values achieved. Preoperative neurologic, CT-scan, and vascular lesions were recorded. We reviewed 473 cases: 305 males (64.5%) mean age 73.3 ± 7.3. Three patients presented transient ischemic deficits at awakening, no perioperative stroke or death; 41 (8.7%) required shunting: 30 based on the initial rSO2 value and 11 due to a decrease during surgery. Using the ROC curve analysis we found, for a >25% reduction from baseline value, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90.6%. Reliability, PPV, and NPV were 95.38%, 9%, and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicates the potential reliability of NIRS monitoring during CEA under GA, using a cutoff of 25% or a cutoff of 20% for prolonged hypoperfusion

Marine heat waves detection in climate warming seas: their evolution in the NW Mediterranean sea

Ponencia presentada en: XII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Santiago de Compostela entre el 19 y el 21 de octubre de 2022.[ES]El aumento extremo y prolongado de la temperatura del mar, una ola de calor marina (MHW), se detecta por comparación con los valores históricos en cada localización y época del año. Así, el correcto establecimiento de los valores de referencia es una tarea clave en la detección de MHW. Al comparar diferentes épocas es necesario considerar dos contribuciones a la evolución de los episodios extremos: la tendencia subyacente de la temperatura y los cambios súbitos de la misma. Siguiendo la definición de Hobday (2016), comparamos las MHW detectadas en caso de corregir o no la tendencia climatológica en la definición de los valores de referencia. Para ello empleamos 38 años de temperatura superficial del mar Mediterráneo proporcionados por el servicio Copernicus. El trabajo se centra alrededor de la reserva marina de las islas Columbretes, donde existe una estación costera de medición de la temperatura del mar integrada en la red T-MedNet. Esto permite vislumbrar el efecto a diferentes profundidades aunque con series temporales más cortas. El resultado es que no corregir la tendencia al definir la referencia subestima el número de eventos detectados en los primeros años de la serie y los sobreestima en los últimos, independientemente de la longitud de la serie. La influencia del cambio climático en la alteración de los ecosistemas marinos debido a las MHW no parece deberse al incremento en la frecuencia de las mismas, sino a que éstas tienen lugar en un mar cada vez más caliente, actuando sobre sistema biológicos con mayor estrés térmico.[EN]Extreme and prolonged increases in the sea temperature, a marine heatwave (MHW), are detected by comparison with historical values at each location and time of year. Thus, the correct estimation of reference values is key in detecting marine heatwaves. In temporally separated epochs comparison, it is necessary to consider two contributions to the evolution of extreme events: the underlying trend in temperature and its sudden changes. Following the definition of Hobday (2016), we compare the detected MHW in case of correcting or not the climatological trend in the definition of the reference values. We use 38 years of the surface temperature of the Mediterranean Sea provided by the Copernicus service. This work is centered around the Columbretes Islands marine reserve, where there is a coastal sea temperature measurement station integrated into the T-MedNet network. This allows us to have a glimpse of the effect at different depths but with shorter time series. The results show that if the long-term trend is not removed from the reference, then the number of events is underestimated in the first years of the series and overestimated in the last ones regardless of the length of the series. The influence of climate change on the alteration of marine ecosystems caused by the MHWs does not seem to be caused by the increased frequency of MHWs, but rather by the fact that the MHWs take place in an increasingly hot sea, acting on biological systems having greater thermal stress.This is a contribution made with the support of the MPA-Engage project (Grant:5216 | 5MED18_3.2_M23_007) and MINKE project (Grant: 101008724). The authors would like to thank the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

A pandemic recap : lessons we have learned

On January 2020, the WHO Director General declared that the outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The world has faced a worldwide spread crisis and is still dealing with it. The present paper represents a white paper concerning the tough lessons we have learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, an international and heterogenous multidisciplinary panel of very differentiated people would like to share global experiences and lessons with all interested and especially those responsible for future healthcare decision making. With the present paper, international and heterogenous multidisciplinary panel of very differentiated people would like to share global experiences and lessons with all interested and especially those responsible for future healthcare decision making.Non peer reviewe

El cambio climático y las condiciones ambientales en los partidos de La Plata, Berisso y Ensenada, provincia de Buenos Aires: aspectos preliminares

Se presentan las tareas iniciales realizadas en relación al proyecto Efectos del cambio climático en las condiciones ambientales de los Partidos de Berisso, Ensenada y La Plata, que es financiado por la Universidad Nacional de La Plata en el marco del programa de “Proyectos de innovación y transferencia en áreas prioritarias (PIT-AP). Con este proyecto, iniciado en 2011, se propone avanzar en el conocimiento y evaluación de la influencia que generan los cambios climáticos en las condiciones ambientales del borde sur del Río de La Plata. Estos cambios pueden producir importantes efectos en el desarrollo socioeconómico y en los riesgos a que se encuentra sometida esta región. Debido a la escasez de datos básicos y la falta de un conocimiento adecuado de las condiciones ambientales de la región, se están realizando los estudios geológicos, geomorfológicos, hidrológicos, ecológicos y topográficos necesarios para el modelado de posibles escenarios de los cambios climáticos.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

El cambio climático y las condiciones ambientales en los partidos de La Plata, Berisso y Ensenada, provincia de Buenos Aires: aspectos preliminares

Se presentan las tareas iniciales realizadas en relación al proyecto Efectos del cambio climático en las condiciones ambientales de los Partidos de Berisso, Ensenada y La Plata, que es financiado por la Universidad Nacional de La Plata en el marco del programa de “Proyectos de innovación y transferencia en áreas prioritarias (PIT-AP). Con este proyecto, iniciado en 2011, se propone avanzar en el conocimiento y evaluación de la influencia que generan los cambios climáticos en las condiciones ambientales del borde sur del Río de La Plata. Estos cambios pueden producir importantes efectos en el desarrollo socioeconómico y en los riesgos a que se encuentra sometida esta región. Debido a la escasez de datos básicos y la falta de un conocimiento adecuado de las condiciones ambientales de la región, se están realizando los estudios geológicos, geomorfológicos, hidrológicos, ecológicos y topográficos necesarios para el modelado de posibles escenarios de los cambios climáticos.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in the diphoton decay channel at root s=13 TeV

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of photons are reported. Events are selected from a sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). Analysis categories enriched in Higgs boson events produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, vector boson associated production, and production associated with top quarks are constructed. The total Higgs boson signal strength, relative to the standard model (SM) prediction, is measured to be 1.12 +/- 0.09. Other properties of the Higgs boson are measured, including SM signal strength modifiers, production cross sections, and its couplings to other particles. These include the most precise measurements of gluon fusion and vector boson fusion Higgs boson production in several different kinematic regions, the first measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair in five regions of the Higgs boson transverse momentum, and an upper limit on the rate of Higgs boson production in association with a single top quark. All results are found to be in agreement with the SM expectations.Peer reviewe