Energies renouvelables, croissance économique et ouverture commerciale : Une analyse empirique de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets au Maroc

Abstract Morocco has started few years ago the deployment of renewable energies, particularly from wind and solar sources. The aim of this article is to test the validity of the Kuznets environmental curve in Morocco and to analyze the role of production of electricity from renewable sources on the reduction of CO2 emissions. For this objective, the relation between CO2 emissions, economic growth, and other explicative variables such as renewable electricity production and trade openness for the period 1990-2017 will be investigated. Autoregressive distributed lag model empirical approach and the Granger causality test will be used to study the causality between our variables and to test the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve for the Moroccan case. In fact, only few studies have investigated the validity of the environmental Kuznets Curve in Morocco, and no study has studied the renewable energy potential in this framework. Our results suggest that there is a strong reintegration between our variables and that the economic growth can be achieved in parallel with environmental politics that seeks for CO2 emissions limitation. The role of renewable energy in the reduction of CO2 emissions had been shown. However, our result didn’t confirm the environmental Kuznets Curve for the Moroccan case.Le Maroc a entamé depuis quelques années un déploiement conséquent d’énergies renouvelables, particulièrement de source solaire et éolienne. Cet article analyse donc le rôle des énergies renouvelables dans la réduction des émissions de CO2 et ceci dans le cadre de l’analyse de validité de l’hypothèse de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets. Nous allons donc étudier l’impact de la croissance économique sur l’environnement, notamment, sur les émissions de dioxyde de carbone en introduisant d’autres variables explicatives, à savoir, la production d’électricité renouvelable et l’ouverture commerciale, sur une période allant de 1990-2017. Nous allons tester empiriquement grâce à l’approche dite Modèle Autorégressif à Retards Échelonnéset au test de causalité de Granger, la causalité entre les variables ainsi que la validité de l’hypothèse de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets pour le cas Marocain. En effet, il n’existe que peu d’études empiriques à avoir étudié la validité de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets au Maroc et aucune n’a examiné le potentiel des énergies renouvelables dans ce sens. Nos résultats suggèrent qu’il existe une forte cointégration entre nos variables et que la croissance économique peut être réalisée en parallèle des politiques environnementales dont le but est de limiter les émissions de CO2. Le rôle des énergies renouvelables dans la limitation des émissions de CO2 a été démontré, cependant, l’hypothèse de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets pour le cas Marocain n’a pas été confirmée

Crack growth study under thermo-mechanical loads: parametric analysis for 2024 T3 aluminum alloy

Due to their severe operating conditions, many industrial components are subjected to complex combinations of cyclic mechanical stresses and thermal pressures. These combinations are responsible for the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in these parts, which can lead to failure. Thus, the study of the fatigue strength of these parts in such conditions becomes essential because it allows us to predict the life and safety of components.    This study examines the influence of the load ratio and temperature on the propagation rate of long cracks on the outer surface. The propagation of a fatigue crack in ABAQUS was therefore automatically simulated using an identified Paris law of 2024 T3 aluminium alloy. Therefore, the study of these components' fatigue resistance in such conditions becomes essential to predict the service life and safety of the components

SCHIZOPHRÉNIE : Accompagner un itinérant dans son traitement

Pour information, contactez Mark Bédard au mark.bedard@umontréal.caRemerciements pour les conseils donnés: 1) Dominique Saheb, M. Ps., Psychologue, Clinicienne et chargée de cours à la Faculté de l'éducation permanente de l'Université de Montréal 2) Mathieu Gattuso, Ph.D., Psychologue, Leduc Ressources Humaines 3) Philippe Vincent, B. Pharm., M. Sc., Professeur adjoint de clinique à la faculté de pharmacie de l'Université de MontréalTravail réalisé dans le cadre du cours PHA2415Nous, étudiants en pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal, sommes heureux de vous présenter le résultat de notre implication dans un projet d’envergure communautaire portant sur les maladies mentales. Plus précisément, ce guide se penche sur l’étude des relations entre l’itinérance et la schizophrénie. En révisant la littérature, nous avons été en mesure de déterminer la portée de votre travail sur les itinérants. Une enquête faite auprès des sans-abris de la région de Montréal-Centre et de Québec montre une prévalence notable de personnes souffrant de schizophrénie chez les sans-abris qui ont recours aux centres d’aide. Selon cette enquête, l’intervention de première ligne devrait miser sur un meilleur encadrement des personnes victimes de troubles mentaux pour éviter qu’ils se retrouvent sans abri.Cet outil vise à apporter une aide considérable au travail d'intervenants sociaux d'organismes communautaires de Montréal travaillant avec une clientèle itinérante. Détaillant les symptômes de la maladie ainsi que les approches possibles par rapport au traitement de la schizophrénie, ce document vous offrira l’opportunité de mieux comprendre l’individu ayant un diagnostic de schizophrénie. De plus, il vous donnera aussi des outils pour mieux l’accompagner dans son traitement et favoriser sa motivation. C’est un guide pratique se voulant visuel et simple pour une utilisation quotidienne efficace

Manganese pigmented anodized copper as solar selective absorber

The study concerns the optical and structural properties of layers obtained by a new efficient surface treatment totally free of chromium species. The process is made up of an anodic oxidation of copper in an alkaline solution followed by an alkaline potassium permanganate dipping post-treatment. Coatings, obtained at the lab and pilot scales, are stable up to 220 °C in air and vacuum, present low emissivity (0.14 at 70 °C) and high solar absorptivity (0.96), i.e. a suitable thermal efficiency (0.84 at 70 °C)

Medical theses as part of the scientific training in basic medical and dental education: experiences from Finland

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Teaching the principles of scientific research in a comprehensive way is important at medical and dental schools. In many countries medical and dental training is not complete until the candidate has presented a diploma thesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nature, quality, publication pattern and visibility of Finnish medical diploma theses.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 256 diploma theses presented at the University of Oulu from 2001 to 2003 were analysed. Using a standardised questionnaire, we extracted several characteristics from each thesis. We used the name of the student to assess whether the thesis resulted in a scientific publication indexed in medical article databases. The number of citations received by each published thesis was also recorded.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A high proportion of the theses (69.5%) were essentially statistical in character, often combined with an extensive literature review or the development of a laboratory method. Most of them were supervised by clinical departments (55.9%). Only 61 theses (23.8%) had been published in indexed scientific journals. Theses in the fields of biomedicine and diagnostics were published in more widely cited journals. The median number of citations received per year was 2.7 and the range from 0 to 14.7.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The theses were seldom written according to the principles of scientific communication and the proportion of actually published was small. The visibility of these theses and their dissemination to the scientific community should be improved.</p

UK-born Pakistani-origin infants are relatively more adipose than white British infants: findings from 8704 mother-offspring pairs in the Born-in-Bradford prospective birth cohort

Background: Previous studies have shown markedly lower birth weight among infants of South Asian origin compared with those of White European origin. Whether such differences mask greater adiposity in South Asian infants and whether they persist across generations in contemporary UK populations is unclear. Our aim was to compare birth weight, skinfold thickness and cord leptin between Pakistani and White British infants and to investigate the explanatory factors, including parental and grandparental birthplace. Methods: We examined the differences in birth weight and skinfold thickness between 4649 Pakistani and 4055 White British infants born at term in the same UK maternity unit and compared cord leptin in a subgroup of 775 Pakistani and 612 White British infants. Results: Pakistani infants were lighter (adjusted mean difference −234 g 95% CI −258 to −210) and were smaller in both subscapular and triceps skinfold measurements. The differences for subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness (mean z-score difference −0.27 95% CI −0.34 to −0.20 and −0.23 95% CI −0.30 to −0.16, respectively) were smaller than the difference in birth weight (mean z-score difference −0.52 95% CI −0.58 to −0.47) and attenuated to the null with adjustment for birth weight (0.03 95% CI −0.03 to 0.09 and −0.01 95% CI −0.08 to 0.05, respectively). Cord leptin concentration (indicator of fat mass) was similar in Pakistani and White British infants without adjustment for birth weight, but with adjustment became 30% higher (95% CI 17% to 44%) among Pakistani infants compared with White British infants. The magnitudes of difference did not differ by generation. Conclusions: Despite being markedly lighter, Pakistani infants had similar skinfold thicknesses and greater total fat mass, as indicated by cord leptin, for a given birth weight than White British infants. Any efforts to reduce ethnic inequalities in birth weight need to consider differences in adiposity and the possibility that increasing birth weight in South Asian infants might inadvertently worsen health by increasing relative adiposity

PRUNE is crucial for normal brain development and mutated in microcephaly with neurodevelopmental impairment.

PRUNE is a member of the DHH (Asp-His-His) phosphoesterase protein superfamily of molecules important for cell motility, and implicated in cancer progression. Here we investigated multiple families from Oman, India, Iran and Italy with individuals affected by a new autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorder in which the cardinal features include primary microcephaly and profound global developmental delay. Our genetic studies identified biallelic mutations of PRUNE1 as responsible. Our functional assays of disease-associated variant alleles revealed impaired microtubule polymerization, as well as cell migration and proliferation properties, of mutant PRUNE. Additionally, our studies also highlight a potential new role for PRUNE during microtubule polymerization, which is essential for the cytoskeletal rearrangements that occur during cellular division and proliferation. Together these studies define PRUNE as a molecule fundamental for normal human cortical development and define cellular and clinical consequences associated with PRUNE mutation