Energy impact and CO2 emissions of a building with different façade solutions

[EN]This work uses a simplified life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology to explore the impact reduction potential in the design phase in terms of primary energy and greenhouse gas emissions for a given building using several façade solutions. This is achieved through a review of several design criteria (wall characteristics, insulation level, reposition rate and component durability) and their combinations, and analizing how they relate to the selected impacts for the production and use stages in the building life cycle. Results show that both emissions and energy embedded into the building materials or the building process are of great relevance and impact of emissions is comparable to those due to the use stage. This work concludes that, for a given building, a significant impact reduction on the selected impact indicators can be achieved by a careful selection of building solutions and durability strategies (through maintenance or refurbishment) in the design phase.[ES]El artículo emplea una simplificación de la metodología del análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) para explorar en fase de proyecto el potencial de reducción de impactos, en términos de energía primaria y emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, para diferentes soluciones de fachada y estrategias de durabilidad. Se evalúan a nivel de edificio varias alternativas de diseño de una fachada tipo (configuración del muro, aislamiento, frecuencia de reposición y durabilidad) y se analiza su repercusión en los impactos seleccionados para las etapas de producción y uso del edificio. Se concluye la importancia de la energía y emisiones incorporadas a los materiales y procesos de construcción en los impactos totales, siendo las emisiones en esas fases comparables a las de la fase de uso. Se concluye la posibilidad de reducir significativamente los impactos mediante una selección cuidadosa de los criterios de diseño y estrategias apropiadas de durabilidad, mantenimiento y rehabilitación.Peer reviewe

Tests of Gaussianity

We review two powerful methods to test the Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB): one based on the distribution of spherical wavelet coefficients and the other on smooth tests of goodness-of-fit. The spherical wavelet families proposed to analyse the CMB are the Haar and the Mexican Hat ones. The latter is preferred for detecting non-Gaussian homogeneous and isotropic primordial models containing some amount of skewness or kurtosis. Smooth tests of goodness-of-fit have recently been introduced in the field showing some interesting properties. We will discuss the smooth tests of goodness-of-fit developed by Rayner and Best for the univariate as well as for the multivariate analysis.Comment: Proceedings of "The Cosmic Microwave Background and its Polarization", New Astronomy Reviews, (eds. S. Hanany and K.A. Olive), in pres

Parasitismo intestinal humano en la provincia de Granada

Fecal exarnination of 375 persons (adults and both sexes children) in Granada and sorne neighbouring towns from September of 1983 to September of 1984 were made. The total parasitation rate was 49,33 %. The parasite species found were: E. coli (30,93 % ), E. nana (25,07 % ), I. bütschlii. (1,87 % ), G. lamblia (6,13%). E. hartmanni (5,07%) andH. nana (0,53%).Se han hecho análisis fecales de 375 personas (adultos y niños de ambos sexos) en Granada y algunos pueblos colindantes, desde Septiembre de 1983 a Septiembre de 1984. El % de parasitación total fue 49,33 %. Las especies parásitas encontradas fueron: E. coli (30,93 %), E. nana (25,071% ), I. bütschlii (1,87:%), G. lamblia (6,13 %). E. hartmanni (5,07 %) e H. nana (0,53 %)

Parasitismo intestinal humano en la provincia de Granada

Se han hecho análisis fecales de 375 personas (adultos y niños de ambos sexos) en Granada y algunos pueblos colindantes, desde Septiembre de 1983 a Septiembre de 1984. El % de parasitación total fue 49,33 %. Las especies parásitas encontradas fueron: E. coli (30,93 %), E. nana (25,071% ), I. bütschlii (1,87:%), G. lamblia (6,13 %). E. hartmanni (5,07 %) e H. nana (0,53 %).Fecal exarnination of 375 persons (adults and both sexes children) ip Granada and sorne neighbouring towns from September of 1983 to September of 1984 were made. The total parasitation rate was 49,33 % . The parasite species found were: E. coli (30,93 % ), E. nana (25,07 % ), Lbütschlii. (1,87 % ), G. lamblia (6, 13%). E. hartmanni(5,07%) andH. nana (0,53%)

Predicted Planck Extragalactic Point Source Catalogue

An estimation of the number and amplitude (in flux) of the extragalactic point sources that will be observed by the Planck Mission is presented in this paper. The study is based on the Mexican Hat wavelet formalism introduced by Cayon et al. 2000. Simulations at Planck observing frequencies are analysed, taking into account all the possible cosmological, Galactic and Extragalactic emissions together with noise. With the technique used in this work the Planck Mission will produce a catalogue of extragalactic point sources above fluxes: 1.03 Jy (857 GHz), 0.53 Jy (545 GHz), 0.28 Jy (353 GHz), 0.24 Jy (217 GHz), 0.32 Jy (143 GHz), 0.41 Jy (100 GHz HFI), 0.34 Jy (100 GHz LFI), 0.57 Jy (70 GHz), 0.54 Jy (44 GHz) and 0.54 Jy (30 GHz), which are only slightly model dependent (see text). Amplitudes of these sources are estimated with errors below 15%. Moreover, we also provide a complete catalogue (for the point sources simulation analysed) with errors in the estimation of the amplitude below 10%. In addition we discuss the possibility of identifying different point source populations in the Planck catalogue by estimating their spectral indices.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, submitted to MNRA

The performance of spherical wavelets to detect non-Gaussianity in the CMB sky

We investigate the performance of spherical wavelets in discriminating between standard inflationary models (Gaussian) and non-Gaussian models. For the later we consider small perturbations of the Gaussian model in which an artificially specified skewness or kurtosis is introduced through the Edgeworth expansion. By combining all the information present in all the wavelet scales with the Fisher discriminant, we find that the spherical Mexican Hat wavelets are clearly superior to the spherical Haar wavelets. The former can detect levels of the skewness and kurtosis of ~1% for 33' resolution, an order of magnitude smaller than the later. Also, as expected, both wavelets are better for discriminating between the models than the direct consideration of moments of the temperature maps. The introduction of instrumental white noise in the maps, S/N=1, does not change the main results of this paper.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS with minor change

Numerical heat conduction in hydrodynamical models of colliding hypersonic flows

Hydrodynamical models of colliding hypersonic flows are presented which explore the dependence of the resulting dynamics and the characteristics of the derived X-ray emission on numerical conduction and viscosity. For the purpose of our investigation we present models of colliding flow with plane-parallel and cylindrical divergence. Numerical conduction causes erroneous heating of gas across the contact discontinuity which has implications for the rate at which the gas cools. We find that the dynamics of the shocked gas and the resulting X-ray emission are strongly dependent on the contrast in the density and temperature either side of the contact discontinuity, these effects being strongest where the postshock gas of one flow behaves quasi-adiabatically while the postshock gas of the other flow is strongly radiative. Introducing additional numerical viscosity into the simulations has the effect of damping the growth of instabilities, which in some cases act to increase the volume of shocked gas and can re-heat gas via sub-shocks as it flows downstream. The resulting reduction in the surface area between adjacent flows, and therefore of the amount of numerical conduction, leads to a commensurate reduction in spurious X-ray emission, though the dynamics of the collision are compromised. The simulation resolution also affects the degree of numerical conduction. A finer resolution better resolves the interfaces of high density and temperature contrast and although numerical conduction still exists the volume of affected gas is considerably reduced. However, since it is not always practical to increase the resolution, it is imperative that the degree of numerical conduction is understood so that inaccurate interpretations can be avoided. This work has implications for the dynamics and emission from astrophysical phenomena which involve high Mach number shocks.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

COBE-DMR constraints on the nonlinear coupling parameter: a wavelet based method

Nonlinearity introduced in slow-roll inflation will produce weakly non-Gaussian CMB temperature fluctuations. We have simulated non-Gaussian large scale CMB maps (including COBE-DMR constraints) introducing an additional quadratic term in the gravitational potential.The amount of nonlinearity being controlled by the so called nonlinear coupling parameter f_{nl}. An analysis based on the Spherical Mexican Hat wavelet was applied to these and to the COBE-DMR maps. Skewness values obtained at several scales were combined into a Fisher discriminant. Comparison of the Fisher discriminant distributions obtained for different nonlinear coupling parameters with the COBE-DMR values, sets a constraint of abs(f_{nl})<1100 at the 68% confidence level. This new constraint being tighter than the one previously obtained by using the bispectrum by Komatsu et al. (2002).Comment: accepted for publication in MNRA

El rol moderador de la procrastinación sobre la relación entre el estrés académico y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de pregrado

The present study aims to analyze the association between academic stress and psychological well-being, and the role of academic procrastination in this relationship, in a sample of undergraduate students. The sample was composed by 391 undergraduate students from various universities in Lima Metropolitana - Peru. The Spanish adaptation of Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales (SPWB), The Cognitive Systemic Inventory (SISCO SV-21) and the Academic Procrastination Scale (EPA). Results show that procrastination and academic stress are negatively related to psychological well being. Moreover, presence of stressors and symptoms associated with academic stress, and procrastination are relevant predictors of psychological well-being; however, the interaction between both variables did not represent a significant effect; therefore, it is concluded that there is no moderating effect of academic procrastination in the relationship between academic stress and psychological well-being. Instead, procrastination was found to play a moderating role in the relationship between stressors and the development of symptoms associated with academic stress.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la asociación que existe entre estrés académico y bienestar psicológico, y el rol que ejerce la procrastinación académica en esta relación, en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de pregrado. Participaron 391 estudiantes universitarios de pregrado de diversas universidades de Lima Metropolitana - Perú. Los constructos fueron medidos a partir de la adaptación española de las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (SPWB), el Inventario Sistémico Cognoscitivista (SISCO SV-21) y la Escala de Procrastinación Académica (EPA). Los resultados indican que la procrastinación y el estrés académico presentan una relación negativa con respecto al bienestar psicológico. Además, la presencia de estresores y síntomas asociados al estrés académico, y la procrastinación resultan ser predictores relevantes del bienestar psicológico; sin embargo, la interacción entre ambas variables no implica un efecto significativo. Por lo tanto, se concluye que no existe un efecto moderador de la procrastinación académica en la relación entre estrés académico y bienestar psicológico. En su lugar, se halló que la procrastinación ejerce un rol moderador en la relación entre la presencia de estresores y el desarrollo de síntomas asociados al estrés académico