Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at s=900\sqrt{s} = 900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900$ GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region $(|\eta|<0.8)$ over the transverse momentum range $0.15<p_{\rm T}<10$ GeV/$c$. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for $|\eta|<0.8$ is $\left<p_{\rm T}\right>_{\rm INEL}=0.483\pm0.001$ (stat.) $\pm0.007$ (syst.) GeV/$c$ and \left_{\rm NSD}=0.489\pm0.001 (stat.) $\pm0.007$ (syst.) GeV/$c$, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger $\left<p_{\rm T}\right>$ than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/390

Production of pions, kaons and protons in pp collisions at s=900\sqrt{s}=900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The production of $\pi^+$, $\pi^-$, $K^+$, $K^-$, p, and pbar at mid-rapidity has been measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900$ GeV with the ALICE detector. Particle identification is performed using the specific energy loss in the inner tracking silicon detector and the time projection chamber. In addition, time-of-flight information is used to identify hadrons at higher momenta. Finally, the distinctive kink topology of the weak decay of charged kaons is used for an alternative measurement of the kaon transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) spectra. Since these various particle identification tools give the best separation capabilities over different momentum ranges, the results are combined to extract spectra from $p_{\rm T}$ = 100 MeV/$c$ to 2.5 GeV/$c$. The measured spectra are further compared with QCD-inspired models which yield a poor description. The total yields and the mean $p_{\rm T}$ are compared with previous measurements, and the trends as a function of collision energy are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 18 captioned figures, 5 tables, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/388

A Potential Role For An Extracellular Methanol Oxidase Secreted By Moniliophthora Perniciosa In Witches' Broom Disease In Cacao

The hemibiotrophic basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of Witches' broom disease (WBD) in cacao, is able to grow on methanol as the sole carbon source. In plants, one of the main sources of methanol is the pectin present in the structure of cell walls. Pectin is composed of highly methylesterified chains of galacturonic acid. The hydrolysis between the methyl radicals and galacturonic acid in esterified pectin, mediated by a pectin methylesterase (PME), releases methanol, which may be decomposed by a methanol oxidase (MOX). The analysis of the M. pernciosa genome revealed putative mox and pme genes. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR performed with RNA from mycelia grown in the presence of methanol or pectin as the sole carbon source and with RNA from infected cacao seedlings in different stages of the progression of WBD indicate that the two genes are coregulated, suggesting that the fungus may be metabolizing the methanol released from pectin. Moreover, immunolocalization of homogalacturonan, the main pectic domain that constitutes the primary cell wall matrix, shows a reduction in the level of pectin methyl esterification in infected cacao seedlings. Although MOX has been classically classified as a peroxisomal enzyme, M. perniciosa presents an extracellular methanol oxidase. Its activity was detected in the fungus culture supernatants, and mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of this enzyme in the fungus secretome. Because M. pernciosa possesses all genes classically related to methanol metabolism, we propose a peroxisome-independent model for the utilization of methanol by this fungus, which begins with the extracellular oxidation of methanol derived from the demethylation of pectin and finishes in the cytosol. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.4911922932Aime, M.C., Phillips-Mora, W., The causal agents of Witches' broom and frosty pod rot of cacao (chocolate, Theobroma cacao) form a new lineage of Marasmiaceae (2005) Mycologia, 97, pp. 1012-1022Buckeridge, M.S., Reid, J.S., Purification and properties of a novel beta-galactosidase or exo-(1→4)-beta-d-galactanase from the cotyledons of germinated Lupinus angustifolius L. seeds (1994) Planta, 192, pp. 502-511Daniel, G., Volc, J., Filonova, L., Plihal, O., Kubatova, E., Halada, P., Characteristics of Gloeophyllum trabeum alcohol oxidase, an extracellular source of H2O2 in brown rot decay of wood (2007) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73, pp. 6241-6253de Hoop, M.J., Ab, G., Import of proteins into peroxisomes and other microbodies (1992) Biochem. J., 286 (PART 3), pp. 657-669de Souza, T.A., Soprano, A.S., de Lira, N.P., Quaresma, A.J., Pauletti, B.A., Paes Leme, A.F., Benedetti, C.E., The TAL effector PthA4 interacts with nuclear factors involved in RNA-dependent processes including a HMG protein that selectively binds poly(U) RNA (2012) PLoS One, 7, pp. e32305Delgado, J.C., Cook, A.A., Nuclear condition of basidia, basidiospores, and mycelium of Marasmius-Perniciosus (1976) Can. J. Bot. - Rev. Can. Bot., 54, pp. 66-72Evans, H.C., Witches broom disease of cocoa (Crinipellis-Perniciosa) in Ecuador 1. Fungus (1978) Ann. Appl. Biol., 89, pp. 185-192Evans, H.C., Pleomorphism in Crinipellis-Perniciosa, causal agent of Witches broom disease of cocoa (1980) Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 74, pp. 515-523Evans, H.C., Bastos, C.N., Basidiospore germination as a means of assessing resistance to Crinipellis-Perniciosa (Witches broom disease) in cocoa cultivars (1980) Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 74, pp. 525-536Frias, G.A., Purdy, L.H., Schmidt, R.A., Infection biology of Crinipellis-Perniciosa on vegetative flushes of cacao (1991) Plant Dis., 75, pp. 552-556Giuseppin, M.L., Van Eijk, H.M., Bes, B.C., Molecular regulation of methanol oxidase activity in continuous cultures of Hansenula polymorpha (1988) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 32, pp. 577-583Gould, S.G., Keller, G.A., Subramani, S., Identification of a peroxisomal targeting signal at the carboxy terminus of firefly luciferase (1987) J. Cell Biol., 105, pp. 2923-2931Griffith, G.W., Hedger, J.N., The breeding biology of biotypes of the Witches-broom pathogen of cocoa Crinipellis-Perniciosa (1994) Heredity., 72, pp. 278-289Griffith, G.W., Nicholson, J., Nenninger, A., Birch, R.N., Hedger, J.N., Witches' brooms and frosty pods: two major pathogens of cacao (2003) NZ J. Bot., 41, pp. 423-435Guimaraes, R.L., Stotz, H.U., Oxalate production by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum deregulates guard cells during infection (2004) Plant Physiol., 136, pp. 3703-3711Gunkel, K., van Dijk, R., Veenhuis, M., van der Klei, I.J., Routing of Hansenula polymorpha alcohol oxidase: an alternative peroxisomal protein-sorting machinery (2004) Mol. Biol. Cell, 15, pp. 1347-1355Han, Y., Joosten, H.J., Niu, W., Zhao, Z., Mariano, P.S., McCalman, M., van Kan, J., Dunaway-Mariano, D., Oxaloacetate hydrolase, the C-C bond lyase of oxalate secreting fungi (2007) J. Biol. Chem., 282, pp. 9581-9590Hanna, S.L., Sherman, N.E., Kinter, M.T., Goldberg, J.B., Comparison of proteins expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains representing initial and chronic isolates from a cystic fibrosis patient: an analysis by 2-D gel electrophoresis and capillary column liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2000) Microbiology, 146 (PSRT 10), pp. 2495-2508Karnovsky, M.J., A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy (1965) J. Cell Biol., 27, p. 137Kaszycki, P., Koloczek, H., Formaldehyde and methanol biodegradation with the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha in a model wastewater system (2000) Microbiol. Res., 154, pp. 289-296Langmead, B., Aligning short sequencing reads with Bowtie (2010) Curr. Protoc. Bioinfor, , Unit 11 7 (Chapter 11)Lazarow, P.B., The import receptor Pex7p and the PTS2 targeting sequence (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1763, pp. 1599-1604Martinez, D., Challacombe, J., Morgenstern, I., Hibbett, D., Schmoll, M., Kubicek, C.P., Ferreira, P., Cullen, D., Genome, transcriptome, and secretome analysis of wood decay fungus Postia placenta supports unique mechanisms of lignocellulose conversion (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, pp. 1954-1959Meinhardt, L.W., Bellato Cde, M., Rincones, J., Azevedo, R.A., Cascardo, J.C., Pereira, G.A., In vitro production of biotrophic-like cultures of Crinipellis perniciosa, the causal agent of Witches' broom disease of Theobroma cacao (2006) Curr. Microbiol., 52, pp. 191-196Mondego, J.M., Carazzolle, M.F., Costa, G.G., Formighieri, E.F., Parizzi, L.P., Rincones, J., Cotomacci, C., Pereira, G.A., A genome survey of Moniliophthora perniciosa gives new insights into Witches' broom disease of cacao (2008) BMC Genom., 9, p. 548Mortazavi, A., Williams, B.A., McCue, K., Schaeffer, L., Wold, B., Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq (2008) Nat. Methods, 5, pp. 621-628Nakagawa, T., Miyaji, T., Yurimoto, H., Sakai, Y., Kato, N., Tomizuka, N., A methylotrophic pathway participates in pectin utilization by Candida boidinii (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, pp. 4253-4257Nakagawa, T., Yamada, K., Fujimura, S., Ito, T., Miyaji, T., Tomizuka, N., Pectin utilization by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica (2005) Microbiology, 151, pp. 2047-2052Nemecek-Marshall, M., MacDonald, R.C., Franzen, J.J., Wojciechowski, C.L., Fall, R., Methanol emission from leaves (enzymatic detection of gas-phase methanol and relation of methanol fluxes to stomatal conductance and leaf development) (1995) Plant Physiol., 108, pp. 1359-1368Orfila, C., Knox, J.P., Spatial regulation of pectic polysaccharides in relation to pit fields in cell walls of tomato fruit pericarp (2000) Plant Physiol., 122, pp. 775-781Ozimek, P., Kotter, P., Veenhuis, M., van der Klei, I.J., Hansenula polymorpha and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pex5p's recognize different, independent peroxisomal targeting signals in alcohol oxidase (2006) FEBS Lett., 580, pp. 46-50Ozimek, P., Veenhuis, M., van der Klei, I.J., Alcohol oxidase: a complex peroxisomal, oligomeric flavoprotein (2005) FEMS Yeast Res., 5, pp. 975-983Pelloux, J., Rusterucci, C., Mellerowicz, E.J., New insights into pectin methylesterase structure and function (2007) Trends Plant Sci., 12, pp. 267-277Penman, D., Britton, G., Hardwick, K., Collin, H.A., Isaac, S., Chitin as a measure of biomass of Crinipellis perniciosa, causal agent of witches' broom disease of Theobroma cacao (2000) Mycol. Res., 104, pp. 671-675Pereira, J.L., Ram, A., Figuereido, J.M., de Almeida, L.C., La primera aparición de la " Escoba de Bruja" en la principal región productora de cacao del Brasil (1989) Turrialba, 36, pp. 459-461Pfaffl, M.W., A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR (2001) Nucl. Acids Res., 29, pp. e45Rincones, J., Scarpari, L.M., Carazzolle, M.F., Mondego, J.M., Formighieri, E.F., Barau, J.G., Costa, G.G., Pereira, G.A., Differential gene expression between the biotrophic-like and saprotrophic mycelia of the Witches' broom pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa (2008) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 21, pp. 891-908Rio, M.C., de Oliveira, B.V., de Tomazella, D.P., Silva, J.A., Pereira, G.A., Production of calcium oxalate crystals by the basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of cacao (2008) Curr. Microbiol., 56, pp. 363-370Roggenkamp, R., Janowicz, Z., Stanikowski, B., Hollenberg, C.P., Biosynthesis and regulation of the peroxisomal methanol oxidase from the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha (1984) Mol. Gen. Genet., 194, pp. 489-493Rozen, S., Skaletsky, H., Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers (2000) Methods Mol. Biol., 132, pp. 365-386Sahm, H., Wagner, F., Microbial assimilation of methanol. The ethanol- and methanol-oxidizing enzymes of the yeast Candida boidinii (1973) Eur. J. Biochem., 36, pp. 250-256Sakai, T., Sakamoto, T., Hallaert, J., Vandamme, E.J., Pectin, pectinase and protopectinase: production, properties, and applications (1993) Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 39, pp. 213-294Scarpari, L.M., Meinhardt, L.W., Mazzafera, P., Pomella, A.W., Schiavinato, M.A., Cascardo, J.C., Pereira, G.A., Biochemical changes during the development of Witches' broom: the most important disease of cocoa in Brazil caused by Crinipellis perniciosa (2005) J. Exp. Bot., 56, pp. 865-877Schlosser, D., Fahr, K., Karl, W., Wetzstein, H.G., Hydroxylated metabolites of 2,4-dichlorophenol imply a Fenton-type reaction in Gloeophyllum striatum (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, pp. 2479-2483Segers, G., Bradshaw, N., Archer, D., Blissett, K., Oliver, R.P., Alcohol oxidase is a novel pathogenicity factor for Cladosporium fulvum, but aldehyde dehydrogenase is dispensable (2001) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 14, pp. 367-377Silva, S., Histologia da Interação Crinipellis perniciosa em Cacaueiros Suscetível e Resistente à Vassoura-de-Bruxa (1999) Fitopatol. Bras., 24, pp. 54-59Teixeira, P.J.P.L., Mondego, J.M.C., Pereira, G.A.G., A method for production of Moniliophthora perniciosa basidiospores in vitro Manuscript in preparationThomazella, D.P., Teixeira, P.J., Oliveira, H.C., Saviani, E.E., Rincones, J., Toni, I.M., Reis, O., Pereira, G.A., The hemibiotrophic cacao pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa depends on a mitochondrial alternative oxidase for biotrophic development (2012) New PhytolTiburcio, R.A., Costa, G.G., Carazzolle, M.F., Mondego, J.M., Schuster, S.C., Carlson, J.E., Guiltinan, M.J., Pereira, G.A., Genes acquired by horizontal transfer are potentially involved in the evolution of phytopathogenicity in Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri, two of the major pathogens of cacao (2010) J. Mol. Evol., 70, pp. 85-97Valette-Collet, O., Cimerman, A., Reignault, P., Levis, C., Boccara, M., Disruption of Botrytis cinerea pectin methylesterase gene Bcpme1 reduces virulence on several host plants (2003) Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 16, pp. 360-367Van der Klei, I.J., Bystrykh, L.V., Harder, W., Alcohol oxidase from Hansenula polymorpha CBS 4732 (1990) Methods Enzymol., 188, pp. 420-427Veenhuis, M., Van Dijken, J.P., Harder, W., The significance of peroxisomes in the metabolism of one-carbon compounds in yeasts (1983) Adv. Microb. Physiol., 24, pp. 1-82Vidal, R.O., Mondego, J.M., Pot, D., Ambrosio, A.B., Andrade, A.C., Pereira, L.F., Colombo, C.A., Pereira, G.A., A high-throughput data mining of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Coffea species expressed sequence tags suggests differential homeologous gene expression in the allotetraploid Coffea arabica (2010) Plant Physiol., 154, pp. 1053-1066Waterham, H.R., Russell, K.A., Vries, Y., Cregg, J.M., Peroxisomal targeting, import, and assembly of alcohol oxidase in Pichia pastoris (1997) J. Cell Biol., 139, pp. 1419-1431Wierenga, R.K., Terpstra, P., Hol, W.G.J., Prediction of the occurrence of the ADP-binding βαβ-fold in proteins, using an amino acid sequence fingerprint (1986) J. Mol. Biol., 187, pp. 101-107Willats, W.G., Limberg, G., Buchholt, H.C., van Alebeek, G.J., Benen, J., Christensen, T.M., Visser, J., Knox, J.P., Analysis of pectic epitopes recognised by hybridoma and phage display monoclonal antibodies using defined oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and enzymatic degradation (2000) Carbohydrate Res., 327, pp. 309-320Willats, W.G., McCartney, L., Mackie, W., Knox, J.P., Pectin: cell biology and prospects for functional analysis (2001) Plant Mol. Biol., 47, pp. 9-27Wymelenberg, A.V., Gaskell, J., Mozuch, M., Sabat, G., Ralph, J., Skyba, O., Mansfield, S.D., Cullen, D., Comparative transcriptome and secretome analysis of wood decay fungi Postia placenta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (2010) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, pp. 3599-3610Yurimoto, H., Komeda, T., Lim, C.R., Nakagawa, T., Kondo, K., Kato, N., Sakai, Y., Regulation and evaluation of five methanol-inducible promoters in the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1493, pp. 56-63Yurimoto, H., Oku, M., Sakai, Y., Yeast methylotrophy: metabolism, gene regulation and peroxisome homeostasis (2011) Int. J. Microbiol., 2011, p. 10129

Primeiro registro da ocorrência de Cirrospilus floridensis Evans (Hymenoptera) como parasitóide de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera) no Brasil First record of occurrence of Cirrospilus floridensis Evans (Hymenoptera) as a parasitoid of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera) in Brazil

Este estudo relata o primeiro registro de Cirrospilus floridensis Evans no Brasil. Este Eulophidae foi obtido de pupas de Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (minador-das-folhas-dos-citros) presentes em folhas de bergamoteiras da variedade Montenegrina (Citrus deliciosa) e do híbrido tangor Murcott (C. sinesnis x C. reticulata) coletadas de julho de 2001 a junho de 2003 em Montenegro, RS, Brasil. Foram registrados adultos, machos e fêmeas de C. floridensis.<br>This study reports the first record of Cirrospilus floridensis Evans in Brazil. This Eulophidae was obtained from pupae of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (citrus-leafminer) present in infested leaves of the Montenegrina variety (Citrus deliciosa) and the hybrid tangor Murcott (C. sinensis x C. reticulata) collected from July of 2001 to June of 2003 in Montenegro, RS, Brazil. Adults, males and females of C. floridensis were registered