Dessalinização da água do mar

Através deste relatório de estágio, pretende-se apresentar uma alternativa para a escassez de água potável, um problema com que a humanidade atualmente se debate. A dessalinização da água do mar apresenta-se como uma das soluções possíveis para a humanidade vencer mais esta crise que já se pronuncia. Para melhor compreensão do tema e esclarecimento dos fatos, foi elaborada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, em livros, artigos, teses, internet, entre outros. Este trabalho propõe-se fornecer informação sobre as tecnologias existentes para tratamentos alternativos da água, em particular a dessalinização da água do mar. Este Relatório de Estágio é composto por dois capítulos. No primeiro capítulo pretende-se desenvolver e analisar as técnicas existentes de dessalinização da água do mar para a obtenção de água para consumo humano. Esta análise será feita numa perspetiva económica, energética e ambiental. Neste mesmo capítulo, apresenta-se um plano de aula investigacional na área da Química, centrada na unidade temática da disciplina Física e Química A do 11ºano pertencente à Unidade 2, “Da atmosfera ao oceano: soluções na Terra e para a Terra” cujo subtema é a “Mineralização e desmineralização da água”. No segundo capitulo, apresenta-se uma aula lecionada e supervisionada na área da Física, centrada na unidade temática da disciplina de Física e Química A do 10ºano pertencente á Unidade 1, “Sol e aquecimento”, cujo subtema é a radiação emitida pelos corpos. São ainda mencionadas as Atividades Curriculares e de Complemento Curricular desenvolvidas durante a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada no Agrupamento de Escolas do Fundão no decorrer do ano letivo 2012/2013.The preparation of this report presents an alternative to water scarcity, a problem that humanity is facing today. Desalination of seawater is presented as a solution for humanity will overcome this crisis which has already pronounced. For better understanding of the subject and clarifying the facts, so an extensive literature research in books, articles, theses, internet, among others. This work aims to provide information on existing technologies for alternative treatments of water, in particular the desalination of seawater. This Internship Report consists of two chapters. The first chapter aims to develop and analyze existing techniques for desalination of sea water to obtain drinking water. This analysis will be done in an economic perspective, energy and environment. Presents a lesson plan investigational in chemistry, focusing on thematic unity of discipline Physical Chemistry A 11th grade belonging to Unit 2, "From the atmosphere to the ocean: solutions on Earth and for the Earth" which subtheme is the “Mineralization and demineralization of water”. The second chapter presents a lesson taught and supervised in the field of physics, focusing on thematic unity of Physics and Chemistry A the 10th year belonging will Unit 1, "Sun and heat," whose subtheme is the radiation emitted by bodies. Are even mentioned Curricular Activities and Additional Curriculum developed during Supervised Teaching Practice in Schools Group Fundão during the school year 2012/2013

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Background: We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods: The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results: Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions: Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

International audienc

ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use