Community-Level Responses to Iron Availability in Open Ocean Plankton Ecosystems

Predicting responses of plankton to variations in essential nutrients is hampered by limited in situ measurements, a poor understanding of community composition, and the lack of reference gene catalogs for key taxa. Iron is a key driver of plankton dynamics and, therefore, of global biogeochemical cycles and climate. To assess the impact of iron availability on plankton communities, we explored the comprehensive bio-oceanographic and bio-omics data sets from Tara Oceans in the context of the iron products from two state-of-the-art global scale biogeochemical models. We obtained novel information about adaptation and acclimation toward iron in a range of phytoplankton, including picocyanobacteria and diatoms, and identified whole subcommunities covarying with iron. Many of the observed global patterns were recapitulated in the Marquesas archipelago, where frequent plankton blooms are believed to be caused by natural iron fertilization, although they are not captured in large-scale biogeochemical models. This work provides a proof of concept that integrative analyses, spanning from genes to ecosystems and viruses to zooplankton, can disentangle the complexity of plankton communities and can lead to more accurate formulations of resource bioavailability in biogeochemical models, thus improving our understanding of plankton resilience in a changing environment

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique pour la vélocimétrie d'un fluide en milieu poreux

Cette étude présente la mise au point de mesures de porosité et de vitesse d écoulement faites par IRM dans des colonnes de billes de verre et de polymère de différentes granulométries saturées en eau. L avantage des billes en polymère est qu elles ne contiennent pas d éléments ferro ou paramagnétiques, contrairement aux billes de verre qui perturbent le champ magnétique créant des artéfacts sur les images IRM. La séquence d IRM utilisée pour l étude des écoulements en milieu poreux a été préalablement paramétrée à l aide d une étude sur un écoulement de Poiseuille. Deux situations ont été examinées : d une part, l observation des écoulements interstitiels entre les billes permet de minimiser les effets de volume partiel et de faciliter la correction du phénomène de repliement de phase. D autre part, la mesure de vitesses moyennes (Darcy) nécessite d utiliser simultanément les images de vitesse et les images de porosité. Dans ce cas, il est préférable d ajuster la puissance des gradients d encodage de vitesse de façon à éviter tout phénomène de repliement de phase. La géométrie du dispositif utilisé a permis une comparaison rigoureuse des mesures de débit de façon intrinsèque uniquement par IRM (débit en milieu poreux et dans l espace annulaire) et aussi à partir de la mesure directe du débit (pesée).This study presents the development of measurement of porosity and velocity of flow made by MRI in packed beds with glass and polymer beads of various size saturated in water. The advantage of polymer beads is that they do not contain elements ferro or paramagnetics, contrary to the glass beads which disrupt the magnetic field creating artifacts on the MRI images. The calibration of the MRI velocity measurements was achieved from Poiseuille flow in a tube at different flow rates. Two situations were examined: first, the observation of interstitial flows between the beads minimizes partial volume effects and facilitates the correction of the phenomenon of phase aliasing. On the other hand, the measurement of average interstitial velocity (Darcy) requires using simultaneous velocity image and porosity image. In this case, it is preferable to adjust the strength of magnetic field gradient in the velocimetry sequence in a way to avoid any phase aliasing. The geometry of the flow cell was chosen to enable comparison by the MRI method between volume flow rates of water in the porous media and in the outer annulus.NANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Predictors of re-excision for positive or close margins in breast-conservation therapy for pT1 tumors.

International audienceBACKGROUND: An increasing number of patients with early-stage breast cancer is being diagnosed by way of population-wide mammographic screening in women. Because breast-conservation therapy (BCT) is the standard treatment, the aim of our study was to determine factors predisposing patients to re-excision for pT1 tumors. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at Besancon University Hospital in France. Patients with pathologic diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma <20 mm in size (pT1) and undergoing BCT were selected. From these, "no-re-excision" and "re-excision" subgroups were constituted and compared in terms of patient and tumor characteristics. The intent of all surgeries was therapeutic. RESULTS: Of 206 patients who underwent BCT for pT1 tumors, 84 (41%) needed re-excision. After multivariate analysis, factors predicting re-excision were the absence of positive histologic diagnosis before surgery (P <.0001), limited superficial and deep surgical resection (P <.0001), multifocal lesion (P <.0001), and size of the in situ carcinoma (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These predictive factors could be useful in reducing the rate of re-excision as well as in identifying patients with multifocal tumors and/or extensive in situ carcinoma whose disease would be better managed by mastectomy

The uterosacral complex: ligament or neurovascular pathway? Anatomical and histological study of fetuses and adults.

International audienceThe aim of this study was to define the anatomical relationships of the uterosacral ligament complex (USLC) and to analyze histologically its content. Three fetal and four adult cadavers were used. Anatomical dissections were carried out. Eight fresh biopsies (four fetal and four adult) of the USLC were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin eosin safran coloration, with anti-nervous cell antibodies (PS 100) and with anti-smooth muscle antibodies (to visualize vessel walls). By removing the visceral pelvic fascia, nervous fibers were found within the USLC forming the hypogastric plexus. Histologically, the USLC contained connective tissue, nervous fibers, sympathetic nodes, vessels, and fatty tissue. No structured ligamentous organization was identified. The uterosacral "ligament" is a "complex" integrating connective tissue as well as nervous and vascular elements. Radical excisions and USLC suspension during pelvic floor reconstructive surgery should be performed with caution in order to preserve pelvic innervation

Fetal scalp lactate microsampling for non-reassuring fetal status during labor: a prospective observational study.

International audienceOBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the predictive value and feasibility of fetal scalp lactate microsampling in the management of non-reassuring fetal status during labor. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on cord blood gas samplings from 7,617 singleton and cephalic deliveries at > or =37 weeks of gestation. In this population, 450 fetal scalp blood samples (FBS) were performed for abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns. Microvolume scalp lactate measurements were compared to scalp pH, neonatal cord blood gas parameters (pH, lactate, base deficit) and the Apgar score. RESULTS: Scalp lactate correlated significantly with scalp pH (r = -0.56, p = 0.001), umbilical artery pH (r = -0.39, p = 0.03), umbilical artery lactate (r = 0.48, p = 0.01) and umbilical artery base deficit (r = 0.51, p = 0.01), but not with Apgar scores. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, a scalp lactate cutoff value of 5 mmol/l was the most predictive for neonatal acidosis. Sampling failure with scalp lactate was inferior to scalp pH (1.3 vs. 14%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Lactate microsampling in fetal scalp blood was found to be an attractive alternative to pH analysis and a useful 2nd-line tool for monitoring fetal asphyxia during labor

DSCG UE 4 "Comptabilité et Audit" 8e édition

International audienceL'intégralité du programme de l'épreuve n.4 Comptabilité et audit du diplôme supérieur de comptabilité et de gestion (DSCG), niveau Master (M) dont :- la description approfondie des notions essentielles et des problèmes comptables- des exercices d'application, des tests et des QCM Un ouvrage millésimé avec l'intégralité du programme de l'épreuve nº4 pour une révision complète et efficace en toute confiance ! Actualisé avec les dernières dispositions règlementaires 2014.Il comprend 15 chapitres, conformément à la structure du programme où l'on distingue trois domaines de connaissances :- le diagnostic financier, l'évaluation et la communication financières des sociétés et des groupes- la comptabilité des regroupements d'entreprises avec ses deux volets : les fusions, les comptes consolidés- le contrôle interne et l'auditChacun des problèmes comptables fait l'objet d'explications approfondies :- mentionnant les sources légales et réglementaires (code de commerce, PCG, IFRS)- assorties d'encadrés sur les positions fiscales ou sur les normes IFRS en relation avec la question traitée- illustrées d'exemples, montrant le jeu des comptes et, s'il y a lieu, l'incidence fiscal

Sample preparation for shotgun proteomics: comparison of stacking gel, tube-gel, FASP, S-TRAP, SPE and liquid methods

International audienc