Keberdayaan Ekonomi Kelompok Wanita Tani melalui Pengembangan Usaha Agribisnis Pedesaan (PUAP), (Studi Kasus : Usaha Agribisnis Sayuran di Desa Pandan Wangi Kecamatan Peranap Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu)

Recently, the Economic Performance of Women Group Farmer through Rural Agribusiness Development (PUAP) become an important issue in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to observe economic performance of the Women Group Farmer in Pandan Wangi Village. The method of survey was used in this research. Data was collected using purposive sampling based on criteria such as, active members in PUAP, Age of 15 to 64 years, more than six year business experience in agriculture. The study use Likert's Summated Rating Scale(LSRS) to analyse participation of respondents. The results show that category of economic performance of the women group farmer is moderate with score 3.07. The use of capital has improved significantly the business performance, farmers' income and their wellfare

Analisis Sikap Konsumen Buah Apel dan Pear Impor (Studi Kasus pada Pasar Buah Sudirman Pekanbaru)

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of consumers towards the purchase of apples and pears imported. This research was conducted at the fruit market sudirman Pekanbaru. The sampling method in this study using the technique of Accidental Random Sampling with a sample of 100 respondents. Data analysis methods used in this study is a model of Multi-Attribute attitude Fisbien and analysis of the Cartesian Diagram. Based on the results of research conducted, showed that overall consumer attitudes toward the value of apples and pears imported categorized well, amounting to 119.60 on imported apple fruit, the pear imports amounted to 124.26. This case shows the tendency of consumers to consume apples and pears imported. consumer attitudes toward the purchase of apple and pear fruit imports showed that consumers believe the attributes of vitamins, health benefits, taste and ease of obtaining is an attribute that most believed

Hubungan Riwayat Paparan Merkuri dengan Gangguan Keseimbangan Tubuh pada Penambang Emas Tradisional di Desa Jendi Kecamatan Selogiri Kabupaten Wonogiri

Background : Gold mining in Jendi Village Selogiri Subdistrict Wonogiri District is artisanal gold mining without a permit using amalgamation process (process of extracting gold ore by mixing gold with mercury). Mercury is a neurotoxic of the central nervous system including cerebellum. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the history of mercury exposure and body imbalance on traditional gold miner in Jendi Village, Selogiri Subdistrict, Wonogiri District. Methods : The kind of this research is observational analytic study and the research design used was cross sectional. The population in this study are all workers in traditional gold mining region, then the sample are taken is determined based on the formula and the obtained sample size of 42 people. The research were taken through the interview, laboratory test (mercury level in the blood), and clinical examination (Romberg test). Data woukd be analyzed using Chi Square and Logistic Regression. Results : The results showed that from the four independent variables, there are two independent variables that had p values > 0,05 are the type of occupation (p value = 1,000) and duration of work per day (p value = 0,119), whereas the other two independent variables had p values < 0,05 are period of work (p value = 0,004) and mercury level in the blood (p value = 0,005) so that Ho is rejected for two independent variables that had p values < 0,05, which means that there is a significant correlation between period of work and mercury level in the blood with body imbalance on traditional gold miner in the Jendi Village Selogiri Subdistrict Wonogiri District. Conclusions : From this research can be concluded that as many as 88,1% of the respondents had a positive result of Romberg test and as many as 97,62% of the respondents had blood mercury level exceeding the EPA threshold value. Suggested should pay more attention to health and safety aspects of working in the gold mining process as an effort to reduce the health effects due to mercury exposure. Keywords: mercury, traditional gold miner, body imbalanc

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Peran Penyuluh dalam Penerapan Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) pada Petani Kelapa Sawit Swadaya di Kabupaten Kampar

Riau Province is the largest palm oil producing province and Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) is one aspect that must be applied by farmers in increasing the competitiveness of the palm oil business they manage. This study aims to analyze the role of extension workers in implementing ISPO in Kampar District. Multistage area sampling is a sampling method used in research. The study population consisted of independent oil palm farmers with a total sample of 90 independent smallholders. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and a Likert scale. The results of the study illustrated that the counseling in Kampar District was not going well. On average, the role of extension is lacking in providing education, dissemination, information, facilitation, consultation, supervision and monitoring evaluation to independent smallholders so that farmers have not been able to apply the principles of ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil

Memahami Lingkup Pasar Modal Syariah

Pasar modal syariah muncul dengan ditemukannya berbagai kelemahan dalam pasar modal konvensional. Misalkan saja, lembaga-lembaga konvensional tidak mempermasalahkan sistem riba dalam operasinya, sementara lembaga-lembaga berbasis syariah melarang riba. Hadirnya pasar modal syariah membawa dampak baik berupa inovasi dan solusi dalam perbaikan kelemahan pasar modal konvensional. Buku ini dihadirkan sebagai bahan referensi bagi mahasiswa yang sedang menempuh mata kuliah Pasar Modal Syariah, para praktisi, atau siapa pun yang ingin mendalaminya lebih jauh. Kehadiran buku ini diharapkan bisa memberikan pemahaman kepada mereka terkait dasar-dasar pasar modal syariah beserta aspek-aspeknya. Bab yang dibahas dalam buku ini, meliputi: Bab 1 Konsep Dasar Pasar Modal Syariah Bab 2 Dasar Hukum Pasar Modal Syariah Bab 3 Prinsip-prinsip Pasar Modal Syariah Bab 4 Mekanisme Transaksi di Pasar Modal Syariah Bab 5 Perkembangan Produk Pasar Modal Syariah Bab 6 Saham Syariah Bab 7 Sukuk Bab 8 Reksadana Syariah Bab 9 Efek Beragun Aset Syariah Bab 10 Dana Investasi Real Estate Syariah Bab 11 Layanan Pasar Modal Syariah Bab 12 Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi di Pasar Modal Syariah Bab 13 Sumber Daya Manusia di Pasar Modal Syariah Bab 14 Kebijakan Pengembangan Pasar Modal Syariah Bab 15 Perkembangan Pasar Modal Syariah di Beberapa Negar

Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was$216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with$195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was$1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this