Mješovite dobne skupine u ranom odgoju i obrazovanju

Budući da ne postoji dovoljan broj empirijskih podataka o odgojno-obrazovnim načelima kojima bi se trebalo rukovoditi pri radu u mješovitim dobnim skupinama, odgajatelji u praksi često moraju sami osmisliti aktivnosti i rad u takvim skupinama. Vjerujemo da će im u tome pomoći i ovaj članak, koji govori o prednostima i izazovima mješovitih grupa u ranom odgoju i obrazovanju

Exploring the Motivations for Migration Among Engineering Students

Students often graduate from a major other than that in which they first enrolled. A large proportion of this migration happens within engineering with students moving from one discipline of engineering to another. This movement between disciplines sometimes happens several times. While there has been extensive examination of why students leave engineering,very little research has looked into why students leave one engineering discipline for another.Longitudinal data collected from several engineering colleges has shown that there are definite trends within the movement of engineering students.This study examines the reasons for some of these trends using a unique approach which combines both environmental and personality factors. The study uses measures based on Social Cognitive Career Theory, which has previously been extensively utilized to explore vocational choice in engineering, in conjunction with measures of social influence, and personality to explain disciplinary choices. In addition this study considers the climate students are exposed to in the various engineering disciplines. The intent is to create a model to connect the motivational, personality, and the climate variables in order to construct a clearer picture of how internal and external factors come together to influence students’ vocational choices; specific ally their decision to remain in engineering and to migrate from one engineering discipline to another.This study uses a survey administered electronically to engineering students beyond their sophomore year (to capture those who have had an opportunity to experience and evaluate their major choice and possibly make changes) at a large engineering program. Data collection is ongoing and will be completed within the next two months. The survey questions students about their goals, their outcome expectations, their self-efficacy beliefs, and the barriers and supports they have encountered, their differential orientation to persons or things (believed to be highly predictive of engineering attitudes), their locus of control, their agentic and communal disposition, their orientation to engineering as a social system, basic measures of personality, and their perceptions of the engineering climate in their disciplines.The survey is expected to yield personality profiles of students in various disciplines, student perceptions of the climate in various disciplines, motivation for migration among disciplines, as well as which personality and environmental factors are most strongly predictive of persistence in engineering. Structural equation modeling will be used to explore the relationships among the variables and develop a theory which would explain how these internal and external factors result in students’ choices

Person-Thing Orientation as a Predictor of Engineering Persistence and Success

Interest, especially in the United States, is an important motivation for students in choosing a major and the strength of their commitment to remaining in that major. In the examination of engineering students’ reasons for persistence and success, interest has not received an in-depth treatment. Interest as a motivational factor can be characterized and operationalized in several ways. Engineering is often typified as a discipline that primarily deals with the creation and manipulation of man-made artefacts as opposed to a discipline centered on interpersonal interaction. For this study interest has been characterized along the Person-Thing dimension.This has been operationalized as a differential orientation to persons, distinguished by an interest in interpersonal interactions, and an orientation to things, distinguished by a desire for mastery over objects.The participants in this study are entering their fourth, and for many their final year of college.This study is a follow up to a study conducted when the participants were first-year engineering students. The initial study questioned students on their differential orientation to persons or things and about their intention to remain in engineering. That study found that engineering students tend to be higher in thing orientation than person orientation, and those students expressing a stronger orientation towards things showed more interest in continuing engineering beyond the first year, while students expressing a weaker orientation towards things more commonly expressed a desire to leave engineering. These findings were even stronger when only female students were considered.The follow up study, to be reported in this paper, explores the stability of these person-thing traits across this group of students to determine whether it is a stable part of their disposition, or whether it has changed over the course of their college education. The study also examines the success of the person-thing orientation measure in predicting students’ persistence and success in engineering. This research uses a survey administered electronically to students who were in that class of first-year engineers. Data collection is ongoing and is expected to be completed within the next two months. Approximately 500 students are expected to participate in the study. The survey questions students about whether they have since left engineering, or have remained in engineering and intend to graduate with an engineering degree. The survey also questions students as to their plans after completing college, their performance in their major, and measures their current orientation to persons and things.The survey is expected to yield profiles of students’ differential orientation to persons and things.Multivariate analysis of variance will be used to analyze the data and determine whether students’ orientations are stable or whether they changed as a result of their college experience.The predictive power of person-thing orientation to ascertain students’ persistence and success in engineering will also be determined

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at root s=5.02 TeV

We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb(-1). To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators.Peer reviewe

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at root s=13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of theCMSetector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities vertical bar eta vertical bar ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy.Peer reviewe

Measurement of B-c(2S)(+) and B-c*(2S)(+) cross section ratios in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe