Percepción de las conductas contrarias a la convivencia en el profesorado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria

The learning environment influences the teaching-learning process as well as the welfare of the educational community members. Moreover, it is a question addressed by numerous scientific studies.The main objective of this research project is to describe and analyze the main conflicting behaviors of students in mandatory secondary education and relate to variables such as the location of institutions and participants, teacher gender, years of seniority as a teacher, management position and educational stage.In the research we worked with a sample of 147 teachers of Physical Education actively practicing in mandatory secondary education schools. Participants completed two ad hoc questionnaires to evaluate students´ problem behaviour at school. We followed the ‘factor analysis’ approach and finally we obtained five behavioural factors. We also applied the chi-squared test or so-called ‘Exact test of Fisher’ to associate these behaviours to other relevant variables. We conclude that the most frequent unruly behaviour are disruptive attitude and verbal abuse. Behaviours related to “Defiance and bullying” are more likely to happen when teachers are women. Less experienced teachers recorded more “attention deficit” behaviours in their classroom. Teachers having experience on management positions had to deal less often with behaviours related to “attention deficit” and “misuse of materials”.La convivencia escolar en los centros educativos influye en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, así como en el bienestar de los miembros de la comunidad educativa. Además, es una cuestión abordada por numerosos estudios científicos. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es describir y analizar las principales conductas contrarias a la convivencia en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y relacionarlas con variables como la ciudad de procedencia, género del profesor, antigüedad en el cuerpo, desempeño de cargo directivo y ciclo educativo.Los participantes son 147 profesores de Educación Física que ejercen activamente la profesión en centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Dicha muestra cumplimentó individual y expresamente dos cuestionarios diseñados “ad hoc” para evaluar las conductas contrarias a la convivencia en el alumnado. A las conductas se les aplicó la técnica de análisis factorial obteniendo finalmente cinco factores de conducta. Además, se aplicó chi-cuadrado o test exacto de Fisher para relacionar las conductas con otras variables de interés.Se concluye que las conductas contrarias a la convivencia más frecuentes son las disruptivas y las agresiones verbales. Respecto al género del profesorado las conductas pertenecientes a “desafío y acoso” son más frecuentes cuando la profesora es mujer que cuando el profesor es hombre. Cuantos menos años lleva el profesor en el cuerpo, más frecuentes son las conductas pertenecientes a “déficit de atención”. Las conductas pertenecientes a “déficit de atención” y “mal uso de materiales” son más frecuentes cuando el profesor no desempeña ni ha desempeñado cargo directivo alguno.

Planeamiento territorial sostenible: un reto para el futuro de nuestras sociedades; criterios aplicados

In a large part of the 17 sustainable development objectives set as goals for humanity by the UN, sustainability can be glimpsed. As a result of the dominant socio-productive model, the only way to head towards more sustainable territories that allow achieving and maintaining the well-being of the world's population is to bear in mind the need to properly plan territorial development. This work reflects on this need and takes a step forward in the definition of the main criteria to achieve territorial sustainability at regional and local scales

Breast feeding and intergenerational social mobility: what are the mechanisms?

Objective To investigate the association between breast feeding and intergenerational social mobility and the possible mediating role of neurological and stress mechanisms. Design Secondary analysis of data from the 1958 and the 1970 British Cohort Studies. Setting Longitudinal study of individuals born in Britain during 1 week in 1958 and 1970. Participants 17 419 individuals participated in the 1958 cohort and 16 771 in the 1970 cohort. The effect of breast feeding on intergenerational social mobility from age 10/11 to age 33/34 was analysed after multiple imputations to fill in missing data and propensity score matching on a wide range of confounders measured in childhood (1958 cohort N=16 039-16 154; 1970 cohort N=16 255-16 361). Main outcome measures Own Registrar General's Social Class (RGSC) at 33/34 years adjusted for father's RGSC at 10/11 years, gender and their interaction. Results Breastfed individuals were more likely to be upwardly mobile (1958 cohort: OR 1.24 95% CI 1.12 to 1.38; 1970 cohort: OR 1.24 95% CI 1.12 to 1.37) and less likely to be downwardly mobile (1958 cohort: OR 0.81 95% CI 0.73 to 0.90; 1970 cohort: OR 0.79 95% CI 0.71 to 0.88). In an ordinal regression model, markers of neurological development (cognitive test scores) and stress (emotional stress scores) accounted for approximately 36% of the relationship between breast feeding and social mobility. Conclusions Breast feeding increased the odds of upward social mobility and decreased the odds of downward mobility. Consistent with a causal explanation, the findings were robust to matching on a large number of observable variables and effect sizes were alike for two cohorts with different social distributions of breast feeding. The effect was mediated in part through neurological and stress mechanisms

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Tele-entomology and tele-parasitology: A citizen science-based approach for surveillance and control of Chagas disease in Venezuela.

Chagas Disease (CD), a chronic infection caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, is a Neglected Tropical Disease endemic to Latin America. With a re-emergence in Venezuela during the past two decades, the spread of CD has proved susceptible to, and inhibitable by a digital, real-time surveillance system effectuated by Citizen Scientists in communities throughout the country. The #TraeTuChipo (#BringYourKissingBug) campaign implemented in January 2020, has served as such a strategy counting on community engagement to define the current ecological distribution of CD vectors despite the absence of a functional national surveillance program. This pilot campaign collected data through online surveys, social media platforms, and/or telephone text messages. A total of 79 triatomine bugs were reported from eighteen Venezuelan states; 67 bugs were identified as Panstrongylus geniculatus, 1 as Rhodnius pictipes, 1 as Triatoma dimidiata, and 10 as Triatoma maculata. We analyzed 8 triatomine feces samples spotted from 4 Panstrongylus geniculatus which were confirmed positive by qPCR for T. cruzi. Further molecular characterization of discrete typing units (DTUs), revealed that all samples contained TcI, the most highly diverse and broadly distributed strain of T. cruzi. Moreover, analysis of the mitochondrial 12S gene revealed Myotis keaysi, Homo sapiens, and Gallus gallus as the main triatomine feeding sources. This study highlights a novel Citizen Science approach which may help improve the surveillance systems for CD in endemic countries

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Effectiveness of school food environment policies on children's dietary behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: School food environment policies may be a critical tool to promote healthy diets in children, yet their effectiveness remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and quantify the impact of school food environment policies on dietary habits, adiposity, and metabolic risk in children. METHODS: We systematically searched online databases for randomized or quasi-experimental interventions assessing effects of school food environment policies on children's dietary habits, adiposity, or metabolic risk factors. Data were extracted independently and in duplicate, and pooled using inverse-variance random-effects meta-analysis. Habitual (within+outside school) dietary intakes were the primary outcome. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Funnel plots, Begg's and Egger's test evaluated potential publication bias. RESULTS: From 6,636 abstracts, 91 interventions (55 in US/Canada, 36 in Europe/New Zealand) were included, on direct provision of healthful foods/beverages (N = 39 studies), competitive food/beverage standards (N = 29), and school meal standards (N = 39) (some interventions assessed multiple policies). Direct provision policies, which largely targeted fruits and vegetables, increased consumption of fruits by 0.27 servings/d (n = 15 estimates (95%CI: 0.17, 0.36)) and combined fruits and vegetables by 0.28 servings/d (n = 16 (0.17, 0.40)); with a slight impact on vegetables (n = 11; 0.04 (0.01, 0.08)), and no effects on total calories (n = 6; -56 kcal/d (-174, 62)). In interventions targeting water, habitual intake was unchanged (n = 3; 0.33 glasses/d (-0.27, 0.93)). Competitive food/beverage standards reduced sugar-sweetened beverage intake by 0.18 servings/d (n = 3 (-0.31, -0.05)); and unhealthy snacks by 0.17 servings/d (n = 2 (-0.22, -0.13)), without effects on total calories (n = 5; -79 kcal/d (-179, 21)). School meal standards (mainly lunch) increased fruit intake (n = 2; 0.76 servings/d (0.37, 1.16)) and reduced total fat (-1.49%energy; n = 6 (-2.42, -0.57)), saturated fat (n = 4; -0.93%energy (-1.15, -0.70)) and sodium (n = 4; -170 mg/d (-242, -98)); but not total calories (n = 8; -38 kcal/d (-137, 62)). In 17 studies evaluating adiposity, significant decreases were generally not identified; few studies assessed metabolic factors (blood lipids/glucose/pressure), with mixed findings. Significant sources of heterogeneity or publication bias were not identified. CONCLUSIONS: Specific school food environment policies can improve targeted dietary behaviors; effects on adiposity and metabolic risk require further investigation. These findings inform ongoing policy discussions and debates on best practices to improve childhood dietary habits and health

COVID-19 and helminth infection: Beyond the Th1/Th2 paradigm.

In un comentario reciente, Bradbury y sus colegas plantean preocupaciones con respecto a la influencia potencial de las infecciones por helmintos preexistentes en la gravedad de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en las regiones endémicas de helmintos [1]. Sugieren que la modulación de la respuesta inmunitaria debido a respuestas de citocinas similares a Th2 potenciadas en personas infectadas por helmintos podría regular la intensidad de la respuesta inflamatoria a COVID-19, que se ha atribuido a una respuesta de citocinas proinflamatorias Th1 descontrolada que se puede vincular directamente a la gravedad de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, los autores también señalan que, a diferencia de las infecciones por SARS y algunos otros virus, la respuesta en COVID-19 incluye la elevación de IL-4 e IL-10, consideradas citocinas de tipo 2 [1]. En respuesta, Hays y sus colegas [2] ofrecen la opinión de que las infecciones por helmintos preexistentes, al disminuir la probabilidad de síndrome metabólico y diabetes mellitus tipo 2, pueden reducir el riesgo de tormenta de citoquinas y COVID-19 grave [2]. En la misma línea, Siles-Lucas y sus colegas [3] brindan información hipotética sobre los posibles efectos de modulación mediante los cuales moléculas específicas derivadas de helmintos podrían modular la patología de COVID-19. Sin embargo, los autores también señalan con cautela que los estudios en animales sobre la coinfección viral con parásitos siguen siendo equívocos, y también destacan la necesidad de realizar más estudios para evaluar directamente el impacto potencial de las infecciones por helmintos en la gravedad de la COVID-19.In a recent commentary, Bradbury and colleagues raise concerns regarding the potential influence of preexisting helminth infections on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease severity in helminth-endemic regions [1]. They suggest that modulation of the immune response due to boosted Th2-like cytokine responses in helminth-infected persons could regulate the intensity of the inflammatory response to COVID-19, which has been attributed to an uncontrolled Th1 proinflammatory cytokine response that can be linked directly to disease severity. However, the authors also point out that in contrast to infections with SARS and some other viruses, the response in COVID-19 includes elevation of IL-4 and IL-10, considered to be type 2 cytokines [1]. In response, Hays and colleagues [2] offer the view that preexisting helminth infections, by decreasing the likelihood of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, may reduce the risk of cytokine storm and severe COVID-19 [2]. Along the same lines, Siles-Lucas and colleagues [3] provide hypothetical insights regarding potential modulating effects by which specific helminth-derived molecules might modulate COVID-19 pathology. However, the authors also cautiously note that animal studies on parasite-viral coinfection remain equivocal, and likewise highlight the need for further studies to directly assess the potential impact of helminth infections on COVID-19 severity