Los factores familiares y educativos que influyen en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en los niños de segundo y tercer grado de la escuela bilingüe Santiago Bolaños L., provincia de Chiriquí, República de Panamá 2021.

This research was carried out with the purpose of determining the family and educational factors that influence the literacy learning process in children of first and second grade of Santiago Bolaños L. Bilingual School. The methodology is based on a mixed approach, with a non-experimental, cross sectional design in which 93 parents, 6 teachers between second and third grade levels and 93 students participated. The following instruments were applied as methods of data collection and analysis: a closed questionnaire addressed to parents and another one addressed to teachers; finally, a diagnostic test on reading and writing was given to students to determine their current reading and writing level. Relative to the data obtained in the questionnaire aimed at teachers, it was evidenced that they implement strategies for teaching and learning both reading and writing; in other hand, according to the results of parents, it was observed that there is a higher percentage on nuclear and extended families (big families) with a predominance of democratic parenting style. Finally, the diagnostic test on reading and writing used with the students revealed that they are generally at an adequate level, but they need to be reinforce through greater stimulation in both processes. This research has also fulfilled the objective of creating a psychoeducational manual, providing to Santiago Bolaños L. Bilingual School with its future implementation, which will contribute to the promotion of literacy activities. Key words: Family, school, students, learning, teachers, literacy, reading and writing.El presente estudio investigativo se ha llevado a cabo con la finalidad de determinar los factores familiares y educativos que influyen en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en niños de segundo y tercer grado de la escuela Bilingüe Santiago Bolaños L. La metodología se sustenta en un enfoque Mixto, con un diseño no experimental, de tipo transversal en la cual participaron 93 padres de familia, 6 docentes de segundo y tercer grado y 93 estudiantes. Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos como métodos de recolección y análisis de datos: cuestionario cerrado, dirigido a los padres de familia y otro dirigido a los docentes; por último, se realizó una prueba diagnóstica sobre lectura y escritura a los estudiantes para conocer el nivel actual de lectoescritura que presentan. Con relación a los datos obtenidos en el cuestionario dirigido a docentes se evidenció que estos ejecutan estrategias para la enseñanza y aprendizaje tanto de lectura como de escritura; de acuerdo con los resultados de padres de familia se observa que hay un mayor porcentaje en el tipo de familia nuclear y extensa con predominio de estilo de crianza democrática. Finalmente, la prueba diagnóstica sobre lectura y escritura empleada a los estudiantes permitió conocer que se encuentran de manera general en un adecuado nivel, pero que deben fortalecerse a través de mayor estimulación en ambos procesos. Esta investigación también ha cumplido con el objetivo de realizar un manual psicoeducativo, brindándole a la escuela Bilingüe Santiago Bolaños L. su futura implementación que contribuirá con el fomento de actividades en lectoescritura. Palabras claves: Familia, escuela, estudiantes, aprendizaje, docentes, lectoescritura, lectura y escritura

Complejidad y transdisciplinariedad: el desafío de los métodos centrados en la identidad

 The disciplinary separation resulting from the advancement of science and knowledge has generated biases regarding contact, understanding and action in the complexity and levels of reality. Transdisciplinarity, when calling for an examination of the real problems of the world, requires a methodological elaboration of dialogue. The epistemological level of the general methodology is not enough to direct actions of transformation, it requires the elaboration of methodologies that take into account the epistemological assumptions, the specific contexts and put actors and knowledge involved to dialogue. VETAS® Method systematizes a transdisciplinary dialogic methodology, operates as a method focused on identity, and allows applications in complex health situations, organizations and education.La separación disciplinaria resultante del avance de las ciencias y los saberes ha generado sesgos respecto del contacto, la comprensión y la acción en la complejidad y los niveles de la realidad. La transdisciplinariedad, al convocar el examen de los problemas reales del mundo, precisa una elaboración metodológica de diálogo. El nivel epistemológico de la metodología general no basta para encauzar acciones de transformación, se requiere la elaboración de metodologías que tomen en consideración los presupuestos epistemológicos, los contextos específicos y pongan a dialogar actores y saberes involucrados. El Método VETAS® sistematiza una metodología dialógica transdisciplinaria, opera como método centrado en la identidad, y permite aplicaciones en situaciones complejas de salud, las organizaciones y la educación

Prevention and treatment practices of pediculosis capitis in Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina

Para evaluar los procedimientos y las sustancias que la población de Comodoro Rivadavia emplea contra la pediculosis en escolares, se analizaron los resultados de 4951 encuestas realizadas entre 2006 y 2007. El 95% de los encuestados revisa periódicamente la cabeza de los niños, lo que resulta favorable para el control de la afección. El 56,4% emplea procedimientos o productos preventivos adecuados, mientras el resto utiliza otros de escasa efectividad preventiva (inocuos o peligrosos). Un 38,11% utiliza tratamientos de acción comprobada. Se constató el uso de productos no indicados para la pediculosis o inefectivos, algunos inocuos y otros con potenciales efectos indeseados. En general, se observa poco discernimiento entre prevención y tratamiento. Se evidenciaron prácticas y creencias erróneas, tales como la vinculación de la pediculosis con falta de higiene, el uso preventivo de pediculicidas, así como el empleo de productos inefectivos para tratar pediculosis activa: entre otros jabón blanco, vinagre, repelentes y desinfectantes e insecticidas de uso veterinario y doméstico.In order to analyze products and procedures that Comodoro Rivadavia population uses against head lice in school children, results from 4951 surveys obtained in 2006 and 2007 are presented. It is advantageous that 95% of the parents check frequently over the children scalps. About 56,4% uses appropriate preventive products or procedures, while the others use ineffective (innocuous or dangerous) substances. A 38,11% of the population uses appropriate treatment products. The use of products which are not indicated in pediculosis treatment or are ineffective against the infection (innocuous or unsafe substances) was evidenced. Generally, there is scarce differentiation between prevention and treatment. Additionally, erroneous believes and practices were detected: association pediculosis - poor hygiene practices, preventive use of pediculicides, as well as use of ineffective treatment products: soap, vinegar, repellents, and the use of veterinary or domestic disinfectants and insecticides.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Prevention and treatment practices of pediculosis capitis in Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina

Para evaluar los procedimientos y las sustancias que la población de Comodoro Rivadavia emplea contra la pediculosis en escolares, se analizaron los resultados de 4951 encuestas realizadas entre 2006 y 2007. El 95% de los encuestados revisa periódicamente la cabeza de los niños, lo que resulta favorable para el control de la afección. El 56,4% emplea procedimientos o productos preventivos adecuados, mientras el resto utiliza otros de escasa efectividad preventiva (inocuos o peligrosos). Un 38,11% utiliza tratamientos de acción comprobada. Se constató el uso de productos no indicados para la pediculosis o inefectivos, algunos inocuos y otros con potenciales efectos indeseados. En general, se observa poco discernimiento entre prevención y tratamiento. Se evidenciaron prácticas y creencias erróneas, tales como la vinculación de la pediculosis con falta de higiene, el uso preventivo de pediculicidas, así como el empleo de productos inefectivos para tratar pediculosis activa: entre otros jabón blanco, vinagre, repelentes y desinfectantes e insecticidas de uso veterinario y doméstico.In order to analyze products and procedures that Comodoro Rivadavia population uses against head lice in school children, results from 4951 surveys obtained in 2006 and 2007 are presented. It is advantageous that 95% of the parents check frequently over the children scalps. About 56,4% uses appropriate preventive products or procedures, while the others use ineffective (innocuous or dangerous) substances. A 38,11% of the population uses appropriate treatment products. The use of products which are not indicated in pediculosis treatment or are ineffective against the infection (innocuous or unsafe substances) was evidenced. Generally, there is scarce differentiation between prevention and treatment. Additionally, erroneous believes and practices were detected: association pediculosis - poor hygiene practices, preventive use of pediculicides, as well as use of ineffective treatment products: soap, vinegar, repellents, and the use of veterinary or domestic disinfectants and insecticides.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Prevention and treatment practices of pediculosis capitis in Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina

Para evaluar los procedimientos y las sustancias que la población de Comodoro Rivadavia emplea contra la pediculosis en escolares, se analizaron los resultados de 4951 encuestas realizadas entre 2006 y 2007. El 95% de los encuestados revisa periódicamente la cabeza de los niños, lo que resulta favorable para el control de la afección. El 56,4% emplea procedimientos o productos preventivos adecuados, mientras el resto utiliza otros de escasa efectividad preventiva (inocuos o peligrosos). Un 38,11% utiliza tratamientos de acción comprobada. Se constató el uso de productos no indicados para la pediculosis o inefectivos, algunos inocuos y otros con potenciales efectos indeseados. En general, se observa poco discernimiento entre prevención y tratamiento. Se evidenciaron prácticas y creencias erróneas, tales como la vinculación de la pediculosis con falta de higiene, el uso preventivo de pediculicidas, así como el empleo de productos inefectivos para tratar pediculosis activa: entre otros jabón blanco, vinagre, repelentes y desinfectantes e insecticidas de uso veterinario y doméstico.In order to analyze products and procedures that Comodoro Rivadavia population uses against head lice in school children, results from 4951 surveys obtained in 2006 and 2007 are presented. It is advantageous that 95% of the parents check frequently over the children scalps. About 56,4% uses appropriate preventive products or procedures, while the others use ineffective (innocuous or dangerous) substances. A 38,11% of the population uses appropriate treatment products. The use of products which are not indicated in pediculosis treatment or are ineffective against the infection (innocuous or unsafe substances) was evidenced. Generally, there is scarce differentiation between prevention and treatment. Additionally, erroneous believes and practices were detected: association pediculosis - poor hygiene practices, preventive use of pediculicides, as well as use of ineffective treatment products: soap, vinegar, repellents, and the use of veterinary or domestic disinfectants and insecticides.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded only limited insights, leaving the observed heritability of HF largely unexplained. We report results from a GWAS meta-analysis of HF comprising 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls. Twelve independent variants at 11 genomic loci are associated with HF, all of which demonstrate one or more associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, or reduced left ventricular function, suggesting shared genetic aetiology. Functional analysis of non-CAD-associated loci implicate genes involved in cardiac development (MYOZ1, SYNPO2L), protein homoeostasis (BAG3), and cellular senescence (CDKN1A). Mendelian randomisation analysis supports causal roles for several HF risk factors, and demonstrates CAD-independent effects for atrial fibrillation, body mass index, and hypertension. These findings extend our knowledge of the pathways underlying HF and may inform new therapeutic strategies

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Background: Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. Results: To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3–5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.Peer reviewe

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe