35 research outputs found

    Phytosociologie dynamico-caténale des végétations de la Corse : méthodologies typologique et cartographique

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    Since the 1970’s and particularly through the works of TĂŒxen (1978) and GĂ©hu & Rivas-MartĂ­nez (1981), the dynamico-catenal phytosociology allowed to better integrate vegetation dynamics, by describing more precisely the dynamic trajectories of vegetation series. If vegetations dynamic study methodologies have been developped over the recent decades in Europe, such works still remain scarce in France. A national program of habitat mapping (CarHAB), launched by the Ministry of Ecology, since 2011, aims to map the vegetation and vegetation series of metropolitan France at the scale of 1: 25 000 up to 2025. Within this context, Corsica has been chosen as a "pilot" region, due to its peculiarities regarding mediterranean and alticole vegetations. Beyond this singularity, the evolution of agropastoral society over the twentieth century caused main changes the landscape of Corsica and represents a major issue to understand the changes of dynamic trajectories of vegetation. Our methodology, based on an inductive and semi-deductive phytosociological approach, allows to describe vegetationsystems of Corsica.This study, firstly focused on bioclimatology, geomorphology and phytogeography, allows to typify and spatialize ecological units, in order to better understand ecological patterns that govern the layout and the zonation of vegetation and more widely vegetation series and geoseries. The principles of landscape phytosociology have been revised and adapted to the conservation management aims and spatial planning of the CarHAB program. 78 units, 34 series, 14 minoriseries and 30 geopermaseries are presented according to several descriptive criteria: ecology, chorology, serie head structure and nomenclature, dynamics trajectories and conservation.A mapping method was developed to spatialize sigmetal and geosigmetal units : the outcomes are presented in a mapping atlas concerning eight valleys and trays (Asco, Cap Corse, Niolu, Fium-Alto, Haut-VĂ©nacais, Cuscione, Bonifacio) and 31 coastal sites.A few bioevaluation methods are tested and discussed to match the challenges of conservation series and vegetation gĂ©osĂ©ries, as well as evaluation protected sites (Biguglia, Haut-VĂ©nacais).À partir des annĂ©es 1970 et notamment Ă  travers les travaux de TĂŒxen (1978) puis de GĂ©hu & Rivas-MartĂ­nez (1981), la phytosociologie dynamico-catĂ©nale a permis de mieux intĂ©grer la dynamique des vĂ©gĂ©tations en dĂ©crivant plus finement les trajectoires dynamiques des sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation. Si les mĂ©thodologies d’étude des dynamiques des vĂ©gĂ©tations se sont multipliĂ©es depuis les derniĂšres dĂ©cennies en Europe, de tels travaux restent peu nombreux en France. Un programme national de Cartographie des Habitats naturels et semi-naturels (CarHAB), lancĂ© par le MinistĂšre de l’Écologie, du DĂ©veloppement Durable et de l’Énergie, Ă  partir de 2011, a pour objectif de cartographier les vĂ©gĂ©tations et les sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation de France mĂ©tropolitaine Ă  l’échelle du 1 : 25 000 d’ici 2025. Dans ce contexte, la Corse a Ă©tĂ© choisie comme rĂ©gion "pilote" pour les particularitĂ©s de ses vĂ©gĂ©tations mĂ©diterranĂ©enne et alticole. Au-delĂ  de cette singularitĂ©, l’évolution de la sociĂ©tĂ© agropastorale au cours du XXe siĂšcle a profondĂ©ment marquĂ© le paysage vĂ©gĂ©tal de Corse et constitue une des problĂ©matiques fondamentales permettant d’apprĂ©hender les changements des trajectoires dynamiques des vĂ©gĂ©tations. La dĂ©marche mĂ©thodologique repose sur une mĂ©thode inductive et semi-dĂ©ductive qui permet de dĂ©crire les systĂšmes de vĂ©gĂ©tation de la Corse, Ă  partir d’une approche phytosociologique. Notre Ă©tude, d’abord consacrĂ©e Ă  l’approche bioclimatique, gĂ©omorphologique et phytogĂ©ographique, permet de typifier et de spatialiser les unitĂ©s Ă©cologiques (gĂ©ologie, gĂ©omorphologie, pĂ©dologie et bioclimatologie) afin de mieux apprĂ©hender les patrons Ă©cologiques qui rĂ©gissent l’agencement et les zonations des vĂ©gĂ©tations et plus largement les sĂ©ries et les gĂ©osĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation. Les fondements de la phytosociologie paysagĂšre ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©visĂ©s et adaptĂ©s aux objectifs de gestion conservatoire et d’amĂ©nagement du territoire, dans le cadre du programme CarHAB. 78 unitĂ©s, soit 34 sĂ©ries, 14 minorisĂ©ries et 30 gĂ©opermasĂ©ries sont dĂ©crites selon plusieurs critĂšres : Ă©cologie, chorologie, structure et nomenclature de la tĂȘte de sĂ©rie, trajectoires dynamiques et conservation. Une mĂ©thode cartographique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©e pour spatialiser les unitĂ©s sigmĂ©tales et gĂ©osigmĂ©tales. L’ensemble des travaux cartographiques est prĂ©sentĂ© sous la forme d’un atlas cartographique concernant huit vallĂ©es et plateaux (Asco, Cap Corse, Niolu, Castagniccia, Haut-VĂ©nacais, Plateau du Cuscione, Plateau calcaire de Bonifacio) et 31 sites littoraux.Quelques mĂ©thodes de bioĂ©valuation sont testĂ©es et discutĂ©es, pour rĂ©pondre aux enjeux de conservation des sĂ©ries et des gĂ©osĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation ainsi que de territoires protĂ©gĂ©s (Ă©tang de Biguglia, massif du Haut-VĂ©nacais)

    Mapping species richness of plant families in European vegetation

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    Aims: Biodiversity is traditionally studied mostly at the species level, but biogeographical and macroecological studies at higher taxonomic levels can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary processes at large spatial scales. Our aim was to assess the representation of vascular plant families within different vegetation formations across Europe. Location: Europe. Methods: We used a data set of 816,005 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA). For each plot, we calculated the relative species richness of each plant family as the number of species belonging to that family divided by the total number of species. We mapped the relative species richness, averaged across all plots in 50 km × 50 km grid cells, for each family and broad habitat groups: forests, grasslands, scrub and wetlands. We also calculated the absolute species richness and the Shannon diversity index for each family. Results: We produced 522 maps of mean relative species richness for a total of 152 vascular plant families occurring in forests, grasslands, scrub and wetlands. We found distinct spatial patterns for many combinations of families and habitat groups. The resulting series of 522 maps is freely available, both as images and GIS layers. Conclusions: The distinct spatial patterns revealed in the maps suggest that the relative species richness of plant families at the community level reflects the evolutionary history of individual families. We believe that the maps and associated data can inspire further biogeographical and macroecological studies and strengthen the ongoing integration of phylogenetic, functional and taxonomic diversity concepts.MV, IA, JPC, ZL, IK, AJ and MC were funded by the Czech Science Foundation, programme EXPRO (project no. 19-28491X); JDi by the Czech Science Foundation (18-02773S); IB and JAC by the Basque Government (IT936-16); AČ by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS, P1-0236); AK by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (project no. 2020.01/0140); JƠ by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV 16-0431); KV by the National Science Fund (Contract DCOST 01/7/19.10.2018)

    EUNIS Habitat Classification: Expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats

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    Aim: The EUNIS Habitat Classification is a widely used reference framework for European habitat types (habitats), but it lacks formal definitions of individual habitats that would enable their unequivocal identification. Our goal was to develop a tool for assigning vegetation‐plot records to the habitats of the EUNIS system, use it to classify a European vegetation‐plot database, and compile statistically‐derived characteristic species combinations and distribution maps for these habitats. Location: Europe. Methods: We developed the classification expert system EUNIS‐ESy, which contains definitions of individual EUNIS habitats based on their species composition and geographic location. Each habitat was formally defined as a formula in a computer language combining algebraic and set‐theoretic concepts with formal logical operators. We applied this expert system to classify 1,261,373 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and other databases. Then we determined diagnostic, constant and dominant species for each habitat by calculating species‐to‐habitat fidelity and constancy (occurrence frequency) in the classified data set. Finally, we mapped the plot locations for each habitat. Results: Formal definitions were developed for 199 habitats at Level 3 of the EUNIS hierarchy, including 25 coastal, 18 wetland, 55 grassland, 43 shrubland, 46 forest and 12 man‐made habitats. The expert system classified 1,125,121 vegetation plots to these habitat groups and 73,188 to other habitats, while 63,064 plots remained unclassified or were classified to more than one habitat. Data on each habitat were summarized in factsheets containing habitat description, distribution map, corresponding syntaxa and characteristic species combination. Conclusions: EUNIS habitats were characterized for the first time in terms of their species composition and distribution, based on a classification of a European database of vegetation plots using the newly developed electronic expert system EUNIS‐ESy. The data provided and the expert system have considerable potential for future use in European nature conservation planning, monitoring and assessment

    Dynamico-catenal plant sociology of Corsica : typological and mapping methodologies

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    À partir des annĂ©es 1970 et notamment Ă  travers les travaux de TĂŒxen (1978) puis de GĂ©hu & Rivas-MartĂ­nez (1981), la phytosociologie dynamico-catĂ©nale a permis de mieux intĂ©grer la dynamique des vĂ©gĂ©tations en dĂ©crivant plus finement les trajectoires dynamiques des sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation. Si les mĂ©thodologies d’étude des dynamiques des vĂ©gĂ©tations se sont multipliĂ©es depuis les derniĂšres dĂ©cennies en Europe, de tels travaux restent peu nombreux en France. Un programme national de Cartographie des Habitats naturels et semi-naturels (CarHAB), lancĂ© par le MinistĂšre de l’Écologie, du DĂ©veloppement Durable et de l’Énergie, Ă  partir de 2011, a pour objectif de cartographier les vĂ©gĂ©tations et les sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation de France mĂ©tropolitaine Ă  l’échelle du 1 : 25 000 d’ici 2025. Dans ce contexte, la Corse a Ă©tĂ© choisie comme rĂ©gion "pilote" pour les particularitĂ©s de ses vĂ©gĂ©tations mĂ©diterranĂ©enne et alticole. Au-delĂ  de cette singularitĂ©, l’évolution de la sociĂ©tĂ© agropastorale au cours du XXe siĂšcle a profondĂ©ment marquĂ© le paysage vĂ©gĂ©tal de Corse et constitue une des problĂ©matiques fondamentales permettant d’apprĂ©hender les changements des trajectoires dynamiques des vĂ©gĂ©tations. La dĂ©marche mĂ©thodologique repose sur une mĂ©thode inductive et semi-dĂ©ductive qui permet de dĂ©crire les systĂšmes de vĂ©gĂ©tation de la Corse, Ă  partir d’une approche phytosociologique. Notre Ă©tude, d’abord consacrĂ©e Ă  l’approche bioclimatique, gĂ©omorphologique et phytogĂ©ographique, permet de typifier et de spatialiser les unitĂ©s Ă©cologiques (gĂ©ologie, gĂ©omorphologie, pĂ©dologie et bioclimatologie) afin de mieux apprĂ©hender les patrons Ă©cologiques qui rĂ©gissent l’agencement et les zonations des vĂ©gĂ©tations et plus largement les sĂ©ries et les gĂ©osĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation. Les fondements de la phytosociologie paysagĂšre ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©visĂ©s et adaptĂ©s aux objectifs de gestion conservatoire et d’amĂ©nagement du territoire, dans le cadre du programme CarHAB. 78 unitĂ©s, soit 34 sĂ©ries, 14 minorisĂ©ries et 30 gĂ©opermasĂ©ries sont dĂ©crites selon plusieurs critĂšres : Ă©cologie, chorologie, structure et nomenclature de la tĂȘte de sĂ©rie, trajectoires dynamiques et conservation. Une mĂ©thode cartographique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©e pour spatialiser les unitĂ©s sigmĂ©tales et gĂ©osigmĂ©tales. L’ensemble des travaux cartographiques est prĂ©sentĂ© sous la forme d’un atlas cartographique concernant huit vallĂ©es et plateaux (Asco, Cap Corse, Niolu, Castagniccia, Haut-VĂ©nacais, Plateau du Cuscione, Plateau calcaire de Bonifacio) et 31 sites littoraux.Quelques mĂ©thodes de bioĂ©valuation sont testĂ©es et discutĂ©es, pour rĂ©pondre aux enjeux de conservation des sĂ©ries et des gĂ©osĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation ainsi que de territoires protĂ©gĂ©s (Ă©tang de Biguglia, massif du Haut-VĂ©nacais).Since the 1970’s and particularly through the works of TĂŒxen (1978) and GĂ©hu & Rivas-MartĂ­nez (1981), the dynamico-catenal phytosociology allowed to better integrate vegetation dynamics, by describing more precisely the dynamic trajectories of vegetation series. If vegetations dynamic study methodologies have been developped over the recent decades in Europe, such works still remain scarce in France. A national program of habitat mapping (CarHAB), launched by the Ministry of Ecology, since 2011, aims to map the vegetation and vegetation series of metropolitan France at the scale of 1: 25 000 up to 2025. Within this context, Corsica has been chosen as a "pilot" region, due to its peculiarities regarding mediterranean and alticole vegetations. Beyond this singularity, the evolution of agropastoral society over the twentieth century caused main changes the landscape of Corsica and represents a major issue to understand the changes of dynamic trajectories of vegetation. Our methodology, based on an inductive and semi-deductive phytosociological approach, allows to describe vegetationsystems of Corsica.This study, firstly focused on bioclimatology, geomorphology and phytogeography, allows to typify and spatialize ecological units, in order to better understand ecological patterns that govern the layout and the zonation of vegetation and more widely vegetation series and geoseries. The principles of landscape phytosociology have been revised and adapted to the conservation management aims and spatial planning of the CarHAB program. 78 units, 34 series, 14 minoriseries and 30 geopermaseries are presented according to several descriptive criteria: ecology, chorology, serie head structure and nomenclature, dynamics trajectories and conservation.A mapping method was developed to spatialize sigmetal and geosigmetal units : the outcomes are presented in a mapping atlas concerning eight valleys and trays (Asco, Cap Corse, Niolu, Fium-Alto, Haut-VĂ©nacais, Cuscione, Bonifacio) and 31 coastal sites.A few bioevaluation methods are tested and discussed to match the challenges of conservation series and vegetation gĂ©osĂ©ries, as well as evaluation protected sites (Biguglia, Haut-VĂ©nacais)

    Phytosociologie dynamico-caténale des végétations de la Corse : méthodologies typologique et cartographique

    No full text
    Since the 1970’s and particularly through the works of TĂŒxen (1978) and GĂ©hu & Rivas-MartĂ­nez (1981), the dynamico-catenal phytosociology allowed to better integrate vegetation dynamics, by describing more precisely the dynamic trajectories of vegetation series. If vegetations dynamic study methodologies have been developped over the recent decades in Europe, such works still remain scarce in France. A national program of habitat mapping (CarHAB), launched by the Ministry of Ecology, since 2011, aims to map the vegetation and vegetation series of metropolitan France at the scale of 1: 25 000 up to 2025. Within this context, Corsica has been chosen as a "pilot" region, due to its peculiarities regarding mediterranean and alticole vegetations. Beyond this singularity, the evolution of agropastoral society over the twentieth century caused main changes the landscape of Corsica and represents a major issue to understand the changes of dynamic trajectories of vegetation. Our methodology, based on an inductive and semi-deductive phytosociological approach, allows to describe vegetationsystems of Corsica.This study, firstly focused on bioclimatology, geomorphology and phytogeography, allows to typify and spatialize ecological units, in order to better understand ecological patterns that govern the layout and the zonation of vegetation and more widely vegetation series and geoseries. The principles of landscape phytosociology have been revised and adapted to the conservation management aims and spatial planning of the CarHAB program. 78 units, 34 series, 14 minoriseries and 30 geopermaseries are presented according to several descriptive criteria: ecology, chorology, serie head structure and nomenclature, dynamics trajectories and conservation.A mapping method was developed to spatialize sigmetal and geosigmetal units : the outcomes are presented in a mapping atlas concerning eight valleys and trays (Asco, Cap Corse, Niolu, Fium-Alto, Haut-VĂ©nacais, Cuscione, Bonifacio) and 31 coastal sites.A few bioevaluation methods are tested and discussed to match the challenges of conservation series and vegetation gĂ©osĂ©ries, as well as evaluation protected sites (Biguglia, Haut-VĂ©nacais).À partir des annĂ©es 1970 et notamment Ă  travers les travaux de TĂŒxen (1978) puis de GĂ©hu & Rivas-MartĂ­nez (1981), la phytosociologie dynamico-catĂ©nale a permis de mieux intĂ©grer la dynamique des vĂ©gĂ©tations en dĂ©crivant plus finement les trajectoires dynamiques des sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation. Si les mĂ©thodologies d’étude des dynamiques des vĂ©gĂ©tations se sont multipliĂ©es depuis les derniĂšres dĂ©cennies en Europe, de tels travaux restent peu nombreux en France. Un programme national de Cartographie des Habitats naturels et semi-naturels (CarHAB), lancĂ© par le MinistĂšre de l’Écologie, du DĂ©veloppement Durable et de l’Énergie, Ă  partir de 2011, a pour objectif de cartographier les vĂ©gĂ©tations et les sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation de France mĂ©tropolitaine Ă  l’échelle du 1 : 25 000 d’ici 2025. Dans ce contexte, la Corse a Ă©tĂ© choisie comme rĂ©gion "pilote" pour les particularitĂ©s de ses vĂ©gĂ©tations mĂ©diterranĂ©enne et alticole. Au-delĂ  de cette singularitĂ©, l’évolution de la sociĂ©tĂ© agropastorale au cours du XXe siĂšcle a profondĂ©ment marquĂ© le paysage vĂ©gĂ©tal de Corse et constitue une des problĂ©matiques fondamentales permettant d’apprĂ©hender les changements des trajectoires dynamiques des vĂ©gĂ©tations. La dĂ©marche mĂ©thodologique repose sur une mĂ©thode inductive et semi-dĂ©ductive qui permet de dĂ©crire les systĂšmes de vĂ©gĂ©tation de la Corse, Ă  partir d’une approche phytosociologique. Notre Ă©tude, d’abord consacrĂ©e Ă  l’approche bioclimatique, gĂ©omorphologique et phytogĂ©ographique, permet de typifier et de spatialiser les unitĂ©s Ă©cologiques (gĂ©ologie, gĂ©omorphologie, pĂ©dologie et bioclimatologie) afin de mieux apprĂ©hender les patrons Ă©cologiques qui rĂ©gissent l’agencement et les zonations des vĂ©gĂ©tations et plus largement les sĂ©ries et les gĂ©osĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation. Les fondements de la phytosociologie paysagĂšre ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©visĂ©s et adaptĂ©s aux objectifs de gestion conservatoire et d’amĂ©nagement du territoire, dans le cadre du programme CarHAB. 78 unitĂ©s, soit 34 sĂ©ries, 14 minorisĂ©ries et 30 gĂ©opermasĂ©ries sont dĂ©crites selon plusieurs critĂšres : Ă©cologie, chorologie, structure et nomenclature de la tĂȘte de sĂ©rie, trajectoires dynamiques et conservation. Une mĂ©thode cartographique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©e pour spatialiser les unitĂ©s sigmĂ©tales et gĂ©osigmĂ©tales. L’ensemble des travaux cartographiques est prĂ©sentĂ© sous la forme d’un atlas cartographique concernant huit vallĂ©es et plateaux (Asco, Cap Corse, Niolu, Castagniccia, Haut-VĂ©nacais, Plateau du Cuscione, Plateau calcaire de Bonifacio) et 31 sites littoraux.Quelques mĂ©thodes de bioĂ©valuation sont testĂ©es et discutĂ©es, pour rĂ©pondre aux enjeux de conservation des sĂ©ries et des gĂ©osĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation ainsi que de territoires protĂ©gĂ©s (Ă©tang de Biguglia, massif du Haut-VĂ©nacais)

    World Transit Research. Trends in need, supply, and use

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    Transit research is explored with the aim of understanding areas covered, research trends, research uses, and how research provision matches needs. The method involves an empirical analysis of the content, use, and users of the World Transit Research Clearinghouse website (http://www.worldtransitresearch.info). Results indicate that the Transportation Research Record is the academic journal that publishes the most transit research, but only 14% of its papers are on transit. Transport Policy is the second-largest source, but papers on transit make up 58% of its publications. Most research papers on transit concern bus, rail, or mass transit. In the past decade, the most significant change in publications by transit mode is that the segment on bus rapid transit research has grown, although it still accounts for a small share of overall content. Consumption of research content by mode is highest for bus rapid transit, followed by light rail or tram, then by bicycle or pedestrian. A comparison of research supply and research consumption suggests that research papers concerning (in order) sustainability, urban density, and ridership growth have the highest readership but represent a small share of research content in the field. User surveys had a low response rate but the responses received suggest that professionals including government policy makers, consultants, and academics are the major research users. The most common use of transit research is to be kept informed; however, research also is cited as evidence, notably by academics. A modest but significant share of professionals use transit research for transit policy, service development, or both. Opportunities for future research are identified

    Les sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation de la vallĂ©e d’Ascu (Corse) (typologie et cartographie au 1:25 000)

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    A national program for mapping natural and semi-natural habitat (CarHAB) was launched in 2011 by the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. The aim of this program consists to map the vegetation and vegetation series of France at a scale of 1 : 25 000 in 2025. In this context, Corsica has been selected as a pilot region for the particularities of its mediterranean and montane vegetation. Even beyond this singularity, the evolution of agroastoral society during the XXth century profoundly changed the landscape of Corsica and is one of the fundamental issues for understanding the changing dynamics trajectories of vegetation. The Ascu valley integrates the dual ecologicalsocial approach, necessary to manage this ecosystems, in most cases, subject to agrosilvopastoral activities for decades. Ecological and plant complexity of Ascu’s valley was apprehended according to dynamico-catenal sigmatist phytosociological method. By this method, the phytosociological and symphytosociological typological diversity is highlighted and it helps to identify ecological gradients that govern series of vegetation from mesomediterranean to the alpine. After outlining the basic principles and concepts of symphytosociological approach, sigmasystematic contributions will be exposed as a spatio-temporal ecological (descriptors causal interpretation, structural and textural and phenomenological and bionomic events). Moreover, mapping of vegetation series requires to develop a specific methodology adapted to the ecological context of the Ascu valley. This document provides the state of the art of the methodological mapping and typology of vegetation series knowledge applied to the Ascu valley as a representative site of agrosylvopastoral ecosystem diversity.Un programme national de Cartographie des Habitats naturels et semi-naturels (CarHAB) a Ă©tĂ© lancĂ© par le ministĂšre de l’Écologie, du DĂ©veloppement durable et de l’Énergie, en 2011. Ce travail, qui a concrĂštement dĂ©butĂ© en 2012, a pour objectif de cartographier les vĂ©gĂ©tations et les sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation de France Ă  l’échelle du 1 : 25 000 d’ici 2025. Dans ce contexte, la Corse a Ă©tĂ© choisie comme rĂ©gion «pilote » pour les particularitĂ©s de ses vĂ©gĂ©tations mĂ©diterranĂ©enne et alticole. Au-delĂ  mĂȘme de cette singularitĂ©, l’évolution de la sociĂ©tĂ© agroastorale au cours du xxe siĂšcle a profondĂ©ment marquĂ© le paysage vĂ©gĂ©tal de Corse et constitue l’une des problĂ©matiques fondamentales pour apprĂ©hender les changements des trajectoires dynamiques des vĂ©gĂ©tations. La vallĂ©e d’Ascu intĂšgre cette double approche Ă©cologico-sociĂ©tale et pose avec acuitĂ© les questions de gestion de ces Ă©cosystĂšmes qui ont Ă©tĂ©, dans la plupart des cas, soumis aux activitĂ©s agrosylvopastorales pendant des dĂ©cennies. Les complexitĂ©s Ă©cologique et vĂ©gĂ©tale de la vallĂ©e d’Ascu ont Ă©tĂ© apprĂ©hendĂ©es selon la mĂ©thode phytosociologique dynamico-catĂ©nale sigmatiste. Ce travail a permis de discerner les gradients Ă©cologiques qui rĂ©gissent les sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation depuis l’étage mĂ©somĂ©diterranĂ©en jusqu’à l’étage alpin. AprĂšs avoir rappelĂ© les principes et les concepts fondamentaux de l’approche symphytosociologique, les apports sigmasystĂ©matiques sont exposĂ©s selon un plan Ă©cologique spatio-temporel (interprĂ©tation des descripteurs de causalitĂ©, structuraux et texturaux et des caractĂšres phĂ©nomĂ©nologiques et bionomiques). Par ailleurs, la cartographie des sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation a nĂ©cessitĂ© l’élaboration d’une mĂ©thodologie particuliĂšre, adaptĂ©e au contexte Ă©cologique de la vallĂ©e d’Ascu. Le prĂ©sent document prĂ©sente les connaissances mĂ©thodologiques typologiques et cartographiques des sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation appliquĂ©es Ă  la vallĂ©e d’Ascu, intĂ©gratrice de la diversitĂ© Ă©cosystĂ©mique et de la diversitĂ© agrosylvopastorale de la Corse.Delbosc Pauline, Bioret FrĂ©dĂ©ric, PanaĂŻotis Christophe. Les sĂ©ries de vĂ©gĂ©tation de la vallĂ©e d’Ascu (Corse) (typologie et cartographie au 1:25 000). In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 41 n°1, 2015. pp. 5-87

    Bioévaluation du paysage végétal du massif du Haut-Vénacais (Haute-Corse)

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    SituĂ© au centre de la Corse, le massif du Haut-VĂ©nacais constitue l’un des secteurs montagneux les plus diversifiĂ©s d’un point de vue phytocoenotique. Ce massif a Ă©tĂ© choisi dans le cadre d’une Ă©valuation Ă©cologique et d’état de conservation. L’Indice de distance potentielle (IDP) dĂ©veloppĂ© par Penas et al. (2005) est un indice objectif permettant de quantifier la distance entre le paysage vĂ©gĂ©tal actuel et la potentialitĂ© vĂ©gĂ©tale au sein d’un territoire. Cet article prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats de l’application de cet indice sur le massif du Haut-VĂ©nacais (Haute-Corse) pour Ă©valuer les menaces naturelles et/ou anthropiques auxquelles il peut ĂȘtre soumis ainsi que son Ă©tat de conservation global. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que le paysage vĂ©gĂ©tal du massif du Haut-VĂ©nacais est marquĂ© par les activitĂ©s agropastorales : une tendance dĂ©croissante se dessine depuis les piĂ©monts jusqu’aux parties sommitales du massif. Les rĂ©sultats numĂ©riques et cartographiques de l’IDP illustrent l’état de conservation du Haut-VĂ©nacais et permettent de hiĂ©rarchiser les politiques de gestion en matiĂšre de valorisation ou de protection du massif.Located in the center of Corsica, the Haut-VĂ©nacais massif is one of the most diversified mountainous areas in terms of vegetation landscape. This massif was chosen in the framework to an ecological and conservation status assessessment. The Potential Distance Index (PDI) developed by Penas et al. (2005) aim to quantify the distance between the current vegetation landscape and the potential vegetation within a territory. This paper presents the results of the application of this index to the Haut-VĂ©nacais massif (Haute-Corse) to assess the natural and/or anthropogenic threats to which it may be exposed and its overall conservation status. The results show that the vegetation landscape is characterized by agro-pastoral activities: a decreasing trend is emerging from the foothills to the highest parts of the massif. The numerical and cartographic values of the IDP illustrate the conservation status of this region and allow to prioritize management policies for the enhancement or protection

    Unités paysagÚres fonctionnelles : outil d'aide à la planification territoriale

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    Dans le cadre du programme national de cartographie des vĂ©gĂ©tations naturelles et semi-naturelles (CarHAB) et dans le cadre de l’agrĂ©ment du CBNC portant sur la connaissance des vĂ©gĂ©tations des recherches sont menĂ©es en Corse pour affiner les connaissances sur l’état et l’évolution dynamique des vĂ©gĂ©tations, afin d’amĂ©liorer l’analyse et la surveillance de l’état de conservation des habitats d’intĂ©rĂȘt communautaire pour satisfaire aux demandes de la Directive Habitat Faune Flore (DHFF), pour mieux apprĂ©cier l’impact des grands projets d’amĂ©nagement et d’analyser les continuitĂ©s Ă©cologiques. Une partition hiĂ©rarchisĂ©e de la commune de Lama (Haute-Corse) a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©e pour mettre en relation les projets d’amĂ©nagement du territoire avec les dynamiques des vĂ©gĂ©tations. Cette partition est fondĂ©e sur les dĂ©finitions typologiques et cartographiques de modĂšles physiques et phytoĂ©cologiques de la Corse, corrĂ©lĂ©es avec des modĂšles d’usages (agrosylvopastoralisme, urbanisme
). Cette approche a permis de dĂ©finir et de hiĂ©rarchiser les secteurs Ă  enjeux de conservation de la commune, mais aussi de dĂ©velopper des outils d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision pour la planification territoriale, notamment pour l’élaboration du futur Plan local d’urbanisme.In the framework of the national program for the mapping of natural and semi-natural vegetation (CarHAB) and in the framework of CBNC on knowledge of vegetation, research is being carried out in Corsica to refine knowledge on the state and dynamic evolution of vegetation, to improve the analysis and monitoring of the state of conservation of Community interest habitats to satisfy the request of the Flora and Fauna Habitats Directive (FFHD), in order to better assess the impact of major development projects and to analyze ecological continuities. A hierarchical partition of the commune of Lama (Haute-Corse) was developed to relate land-use planning projects with vegetation dynamics. This partition is based on the typological and mapping definitions of physical and phytoecological models of Corsica correlated with the use patterns (human activities and landscaping, agrosylvopastoralism, urbanism ...). This approach has made it possible to define and prioritize the sectors with conservation challenges of the municipality but also to develop decision-making tools for territorial planning, in particular for the preparation of the future Local Planning Plan

    An expert system for the conservation of Atlantic estuarine wet meadows: application to a Natura 2000 site in France

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    International audienceVegetation is a good indicator that can help better manage and conserve nature. It is also essential for characterizing habitats that represent an essential component of European nature conservation policy, especially within the Natura 2000 network. However, identifying plant communities is a complex operation partly because of the lack of available tools to identify them accurately. This obstacle is particularly noticeable when we talk about diverse plant communities like meadows. This study aims to develop an expert system to apply formalized classifications of Atlantic estuarine wet meadow community types in the Natura 2000 site ‘Estuaire de la Loire’. The tool we created automatically assigns vegetation plots to the units of the French vegetation typology. It allows us to ensure the classification of the European habitat types (EUNIS and the Annex I of the EU Habitats Directive) with 91% accuracy. This expert system was applied to a dataset of 1898 vegetation plots from the study area. It allowed us to link 718 vegetation plots to 4 habitats of wet meadows including the habitat of community interest 1410 ‘Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi)’. Using this approach, we have also defined the characteristic species of these habitats at a local scale. This tool enables the fast, objective and replicable identifications of wet meadows which are necessary to map or monitor the habitat type (sensu Habitat Directive). The method applied in this study can be easily adapted in other sites and for other habitat types
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