Avaliação do desempenho das ações e serviços de controle da Tuberculose pela estratégia saúde da família

Introduction: Front of the persistence of tuberculosis in several municipalities in the country, the Ministry of Health (MS) established the National Tuberculosis Control Plan (NTCP), whose goals were to integrate 100% of the Brazilian municipalities in the fight against the disease. Objective: To evaluate the performance of tuberculosis (TB) control actions and services of the Family Health Strategies in the city of Salgueiro-PE. Methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive survey study that evaluated health services in the city of Salgueiro- Pe, involving 40 participants. The data were selected through the steps of specific questions for the evaluation of TB, in addition to the questions on the epidemiological situation and the current state of health. In order to know the conditions for the control of TB in the municipality, a script was also elaborated with orientations directed to the manager. Results: The results of our study showed a population aged from 34 to 59 years with a predominance of males (70%) and incomplete elementary school (37.5%). Regarding the place of diagnosis, the hospital had a higher prevalence of cases diagnosed with tuberculosis with 62.5%. 85,0% performed the Directly Observed Treatment. The averages of the evaluated actions showed that the municipality of Salgueiro-PE does not develop actions of health education and active search of symptomatic respiratory patients, The results were favorable only for the accomplishment of sputum bacilloscopy, monthly consultations of control and medical monitoring. Conclusion: The results showed weaknesses in the performance of actions and services by the Family Health Strategy in the municipality of Salgueiro, with damage to TB control and treatment.Introdução: A atenção básica é resultado do desenvolvimento e consolidação do SUS através do programa de Estratégia Saúde da Família. Diante do quadro de persistência da tuberculose em vários municípios do País, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) estabeleceu o Plano Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose (PNCT) cujas metas eram integrar 100% dos municípios brasileiros na luta contra a doença. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho das ações e serviços de controle da tuberculose (TB) da Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Salgueiro-PE. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo de inquérito que avaliou serviços de saúde na cidade de Salgueiro-PE, envolvendo 40 participantes. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário com perguntas específicas para cada componente organizacional essencial da atenção básica para as ações de controle da TB, além de perguntas sobre o perfil do paciente, informações clínicas epidemiológicas e estado atual de saúde. A fim de conhecer as políticas realizadas no controle da TB no município em  estudo, foi também elaborado um roteiro com perguntas direcionadas ao gestor. Resultados: Houve predominância do sexo masculino com 28 (70%), com ensino fundamental incompleto 15 (37,5%) e com faixa etária de 34 a 59 anos de idade. Quanto ao local do diagnóstico, o hospital teve maior prevalência de casos diagnosticados com tuberculose com 62,5%, os que realizavam tratamento supervisionado foram 85,0%. As médias das ações avaliadas demonstraram que o município de Salgueiro-PE não desenvolve ações de educação em saúde e busca ativa de sintomáticos respiratórios, obtendo médias favoráveis apenas para realização da baciloscopia de diagnóstico, consultas mensais de controle e acompanhamento medicamentoso. Conclusão: Houve fragilidades no desempenho das ações e serviços pela estratégia saúde da família no munícipio de Salgueiro, com prejuízos ao controle e ao tratamento, sendo necessário o fortalecimento das ações e serviços no combate à doença

Association between hospital anxiety depression scale and autonomic recovery following exercise

The hospital anxiety depression scale (HADS) is a benchmark used to investigate possible and probable cases of psychosomatic illness. Its affiliation with autonomic recovery after exercise is unclear and, as a technique applied to evaluate cardiovascular risk. We assessed a possible link between HADS and autonomic recovery after exercise. We studied healthy subjects split into two groups: Low HADS (n = 20) and High HADS (n = 21). Subjects consented to moderate aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 60% to 65% of the maximum heart rate (HR) for 30 min. We studied HR variability (HRV) before and during 30 min after exercise. Subjects with higher HADS values presented delayed recovery of HR and root-mean square of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (RMSSD) after submaximal exercise. RMSSD during recovery from exercise had a significant association with HADS. In summary, subjects with higher HADS presented slower vagal recovery following exercise

Phylogenetic comparative analysis of electric communication signals in ghost knifefishes (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae)

Electrocommunication signals in electric fish are diverse, easily recorded and have well-characterized neural control. Two signal features, the frequency and waveform of the electric organ discharge (EOD), vary widely across species. Modulations of the EOD (i.e. chirps and gradual frequency rises) also function as active communication signals during social interactions, but they have been studied in relatively few species. We compared the electrocommunication signals of 13 species in the largest gymnotiform family, Apteronotidae. Playback stimuli were used to elicit chirps and rises. We analyzed EOD frequency and waveform and the production and structure of chirps and rises. Species diversity in these signals was characterized with discriminant function analyses, and correlations between signal parameters were tested with phylogenetic comparative methods. Signals varied markedly across species and even between congeners and populations of the same species. Chirps and EODs were particularly evolutionarily labile, whereas rises differed little across species. Although all chirp parameters contributed to species differences in these signals, chirp amplitude modulation, frequency modulation (FM) and duration were particularly diverse. Within this diversity, however, interspecific correlations between chirp parameters suggest that mechanistic trade-offs may shape some aspects of signal evolution. In particular, a consistent trade-off between FM and EOD amplitude during chirps is likely to have influenced the evolution of chirp structure. These patterns suggest that functional or mechanistic linkages between signal parameters (e.g. the inability of electromotor neurons increase their firing rates without a loss of synchrony or amplitude of action potentials) constrain the evolution of signal structure

Modeling Methyl-Sensitive Transcription Factor Motifs With an Expanded Epigenetic Alphabet

BACKGROUND: Transcription factors bind DNA in specific sequence contexts. In addition to distinguishing one nucleobase from another, some transcription factors can distinguish between unmodified and modified bases. Current models of transcription factor binding tend not to take DNA modifications into account, while the recent few that do often have limitations. This makes a comprehensive and accurate profiling of transcription factor affinities difficult. RESULTS: Here, we develop methods to identify transcription factor binding sites in modified DNA. Our models expand the standard A/C/G/T DNA alphabet to include cytosine modifications. We develop Cytomod to create modified genomic sequences and we also enhance the MEME Suite, adding the capacity to handle custom alphabets. We adapt the well-established position weight matrix (PWM) model of transcription factor binding affinity to this expanded DNA alphabet. Using these methods, we identify modification-sensitive transcription factor binding motifs. We confirm established binding preferences, such as the preference of ZFP57 and C/EBPβ for methylated motifs and the preference of c-Myc for unmethylated E-box motifs. CONCLUSIONS: Using known binding preferences to tune model parameters, we discover novel modified motifs for a wide array of transcription factors. Finally, we validate our binding preference predictions for OCT4 using cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) experiments across conventional, methylation-, and hydroxymethylation-enriched sequences. Our approach readily extends to other DNA modifications. As more genome-wide single-base resolution modification data becomes available, we expect that our method will yield insights into altered transcription factor binding affinities across many different modifications

Graphene-based Wireless Agile Interconnects for Massive Heterogeneous Multi-chip Processors

The main design principles in computer architecture have recently shifted from a monolithic scaling-driven approach to the development of heterogeneous architectures that tightly co-integrate multiple specialized processor and memory chiplets. In such data-hungry multi-chip architectures, current Networks-in-Package (NiPs) may not be enough to cater to their heterogeneous and fast-changing communication demands. This position paper makes the case for wireless in-package nanonetworking as the enabler of efficient and versatile wired-wireless interconnect fabrics for massive heterogeneous processors. To that end, the use of graphene-based antennas and transceivers with unique frequency-beam reconfigurability in the terahertz band is proposed. The feasibility of such a nanonetworking vision and the main research challenges towards its realization are analyzed from the technological, communications, and computer architecture perspectives.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table - Accepted at IEEE Wireless Communications Magazin

Longitudinal cerebral perfusion in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia:GENFI results

INTRODUCTION: Effective longitudinal biomarkers that track disease progression are needed to characterize the presymptomatic phase of genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We investigate the utility of cerebral perfusion as one such biomarker in presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers. METHODS: We investigated longitudinal profiles of cerebral perfusion using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in 42 C9orf72, 70 GRN, and 31 MAPT presymptomatic carriers and 158 non-carrier controls. Linear mixed effects models assessed perfusion up to 5 years after baseline assessment. RESULTS: Perfusion decline was evident in all three presymptomatic groups in global gray matter. Each group also featured its own regional pattern of hypoperfusion over time, with the left thalamus common to all groups. Frontal lobe regions featured lower perfusion in those who symptomatically converted versus asymptomatic carriers past their expected age of disease onset. DISCUSSION: Cerebral perfusion is a potential biomarker for assessing genetic FTD and its genetic subgroups prior to symptom onset. Highlights: Gray matter perfusion declines in at-risk genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Regional perfusion decline differs between at-risk genetic FTD subgroups. Hypoperfusion in the left thalamus is common across all presymptomatic groups. Converters exhibit greater right frontal hypoperfusion than non-converters past their expected conversion date. Cerebral hypoperfusion is a potential early biomarker of genetic FTD.</p

Longitudinal cerebral perfusion in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia:GENFI results

INTRODUCTION: Effective longitudinal biomarkers that track disease progression are needed to characterize the presymptomatic phase of genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We investigate the utility of cerebral perfusion as one such biomarker in presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers. METHODS: We investigated longitudinal profiles of cerebral perfusion using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in 42 C9orf72, 70 GRN, and 31 MAPT presymptomatic carriers and 158 non-carrier controls. Linear mixed effects models assessed perfusion up to 5 years after baseline assessment. RESULTS: Perfusion decline was evident in all three presymptomatic groups in global gray matter. Each group also featured its own regional pattern of hypoperfusion over time, with the left thalamus common to all groups. Frontal lobe regions featured lower perfusion in those who symptomatically converted versus asymptomatic carriers past their expected age of disease onset. DISCUSSION: Cerebral perfusion is a potential biomarker for assessing genetic FTD and its genetic subgroups prior to symptom onset. Highlights: Gray matter perfusion declines in at-risk genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Regional perfusion decline differs between at-risk genetic FTD subgroups. Hypoperfusion in the left thalamus is common across all presymptomatic groups. Converters exhibit greater right frontal hypoperfusion than non-converters past their expected conversion date. Cerebral hypoperfusion is a potential early biomarker of genetic FTD.</p

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

An oxalate-bridged oxidovanadium(iv) binuclear complex that improves the in vitro cell uptake of a fluorescent glucose analog

The centrosymmetric oxidovanadium(IV) complex (Et 3NH) 2[{VO(OH 2)(ox)} 2(μ–ox)] (I), where ox 2− = oxalate, was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (single-crystal and powder, PXRD), thermogravimetric (TGA), magnetic susceptibility (at room temperature) and spectroscopic analyses (infrared, Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR, spectroscopies). In the solid state, each vanadium center is coordinated by the oxygen atoms of a bis-bidentate oxalate bridging ligand, a terminal oxalate, an oxo group and one water molecule. The electronic structure of the binuclear complex was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, both in vacuum and in a simulated aqueous environment, employing the ωB97XD functional and the def2TZVP basis set. The cytotoxicity of I was evaluated in vitro in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, giving an IC 50 value of 15.67 µmol L −1 after incubation for 24 h. The EPR analysis of I in aqueous solution suggested the maintenance of the binuclear structure, while in the hyperglycemic medium DMEM the complex suffers dissociation to give a mononuclear oxidovanadium(IV) species. HepG2 cell treatment with 0.10 and 0.50 µmol L −1 of I in DMEM increased 2-NBDG (2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose) uptake significantly (up to 91% as compared to HepG2 in hyperglycemic condition, 59%). These results indicate a promising activity of I to be investigated further in additional antidiabetic studies