Cosmological constraints on neutrino plus axion hot dark matter: Update after WMAP-5

We update our previous constraints on two-component hot dark matter (axions and neutrinos), including the recent WMAP 5-year data release. Marginalising over sum m_nu provides m_a < 1.02 eV (95% C.L.) for the axion mass. In the absence of axions we find sum m_nu < 0.63 eV (95% C.L.).Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, uses iopart.cls; v2 matches published versio

Flat Tree-level Inflationary Potentials in Light of CMB and LSS Data

We use cosmic microwave background and large scale structure data to test a broad and physically well-motivated class of inflationary models: those with flat tree-level potentials (typical in supersymmetry). The non-trivial features of the potential arise from radiative corrections which give a simple logarithmic dependence on the inflaton field, making the models very predictive. We also consider a modified scenario with new physics beyond a certain high-energy cut-off showing up as non-renormalizable operators (NRO) in the inflaton field. We find that both kinds of models fit remarkably well CMB and LSS data, with very few free parameters. Besides, a large part of these models naturally predict a reasonable number of e-folds. A robust feature of these scenarios is the smallness of tensor perturbations (r < 10^{-3}). The NRO case can give a sizeable running of the spectral index while achieving a sufficient number of e-folds. We use Bayesian model comparison tools to assess the relative performance of the models. We believe that these scenarios can be considered as a standard physical class of inflationary models, on a similar footing with monomial potentials.Comment: 42 LaTeX pages, 8 figure

<原著>パーソナルコンピュータを使用した医療情報保護システム構築の為の基礎的検討

これまでは医療情報システムを構築するには, 専用装置の導入などが必要であった為に, 費用や管理などの面から医療情報システムの構築は容易ではなかった。しかし, 近年の急激なコンピュータ技術の進歩により, パーソナルコンピュータのような比較的安価でありかつ容易に入手可能な装置にても情報システムの構築が可能となってきた。しかし, 医療情報のような重要な情報を利用する為には, 単純な性能だけではなく, 運用に関する安全性および信頼性が重要となる。そこで, 我々は, パーソナルコンピュータを用いて仮医療情報システムを構築し, その安全性および信頼性を検討した。それらの結果, 適切な構築を行った場合には, パーソナルコンピュータを使用した医療情報システムでも実用性に問題なく運用を行うことが可能であることがわかった。Medical information security and reliability are strongly required. Large medical institution could construct an exclusive medical information system, but at small medical institution and patient's home (most of telemedical users) it was difficult to construct such an exclusive system. Therefore, we tried to develop medical information protection system with personal computer. The practicability and the system performance of the system were examined. The system was operated for 80 days running, no error occurred in operation. Data transfer test was done 800 times by the inner communication using 600 MB data, that proved successful. In the system performance, encryption speed was 22 s/MB, or transfer speed of the inner communication was 870 KB/s, and that of the outer communication was 3.1 KB/s (except overhead time). For example, total time (encryption + transfer) of CT image(512 KB) of the inner communication was 19 s, and that of the outer communication was 156 s. In concluding, we should note that it is possible to utilize personal computer for medical information system.国立情報学研究所で電子

Willow short-rotation production systems in Canada and Northern United States: A review

Willow short rotation coppice (SRC) systems are becoming an attractive practice because they are a sustainable system fulfilling multiple ecological objectives with significant environmental benefits. A sustainable supply of bioenergy feedstock can be produced by willow on marginal land using well-adapted or tolerant cultivars. Across Canada and northern U.S.A., there are millions of hectares of available degraded land that have the potential for willow SRC biomass production, with a C sequestration potential capable of offsetting appreciable amount of anthropogenic green-house gas emissions. A fundamental question concerning 1 sustainable SRC willow yields was whether long-term soil productivity is maintained within a multi-rotation SRC system, given the rapid growth rate and associated nutrient exports offsite when harvesting the willow biomass after repeated short rotations. Based on early results from the first willow SRC rotation, it was found willow systems are relatively low nutrient-demanding, with minimal nutrient output other than in harvested biomass. The overall aim of this manuscript is to summarize the literature and present findings and data from ongoing research trials across Canada and northern U.S.A. examining willow SRC system establishment and viability. The research areas of interest presented here are the crop production of willow SRC systems, above- and below-ground biomass dynamics and the C budget, comprehensive soil-willow system nutrient budget, and soil nutrient amendments (via fertilization) in willow SRC systems. Areas of existing research gaps were also identified for the Canadian context

A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex

ABSTRACT We report the generation of a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex (MOp or M1) as the initial product of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN). This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties, and cellular resolution input-output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge and understanding of brain cell type organization: First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that congruently integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. Second, cross-species analysis achieves a unified taxonomy of transcriptomic types and their hierarchical organization that are conserved from mouse to marmoset and human. Third, cross-modal analysis provides compelling evidence for the epigenomic, transcriptomic, and gene regulatory basis of neuronal phenotypes such as their physiological and anatomical properties, demonstrating the biological validity and genomic underpinning of neuron types and subtypes. Fourth, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially-resolved cell type atlas of the motor cortex. Fifth, integrated transcriptomic, epigenomic and anatomical analyses reveal the correspondence between neural circuits and transcriptomic cell types. We further present an extensive genetic toolset for targeting and fate mapping glutamatergic projection neuron types toward linking their developmental trajectory to their circuit function. Together, our results establish a unified and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties

Database of Selected British Gallup Opinion Polls, 1958-1991

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The &lt;i&gt;Database of Selected British Gallup Opinion Polls&lt;/i&gt; is a sample product, developed at The Data Archive by the Opinion Polls Unit, which illustrates how the texts and data might be used. The aim was to produce an information system which could be used by non-specialists in the field of data analysis - practitioners like journalists, teachers or legislators who could use a CD-ROM publication to find out what attitudinal changes had occurred over time or how people had indicated they would vote in the recent or distant past. It was also intended as a tool to show funders the potential of the material. The CD-ROM contains a 'Microsoft (MS) Access' database, which combines survey text and matching SPSS output in the form of calculated frequencies, some of which are depicted in graphical form, and a text search facility. There are three versions of the database to suit different users' needs; version 2 for MS Access 2.0, version 7 for MS Access 95/7.0 and version 8 for MS Access 97. Potential users are advised to request the database version that is specific to their own version of MS Access. The hierarchical pathway system is a series of forms navigated by using buttons and includes a description of the surveys as well as additional information on the changes made to the text for inputting purposes. A text only version of the original question text and calculated frequencies, together with the accompanying data and documentation files is also available on request. SPSS portable files are also provided on the CD in order that the user has the option of carrying out further data manipulation. A further directory consisting of 27 SPSS portable files containing coded parliamentary constituency information is also provided, along with a key to the codes. Users should note that constituency information for years 1958-1964 is currently unavailable.Main Topics:The database consists of one survey from January of each year (except for 1979, which uses February). A wide variety of political, social and economic subjects are covered including, among others, satisfaction with the government's performance; opposition policies; the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition. Also covered are attitudes towards specific political and economic issues and current problems, both domestic and international; recall of past vote and voting intention; social concerns, such as law and crime, nationalisation, immigration, public services etc. Throughout most of the surveys respondents are classified by age, gender, marital status, socio-economic group, employment status and occupation, self-assessed social class, trade union membership, size of household, number of children, terminal education age and car ownership