Cartography interpreted of soil : San Carlos, Mendoza (Argentina)

El objetivo del trabajo fue generar mapas y asociarlos a bases de datos digitales donde se puedan consultar, en forma automatizada y eficiente, preguntas temáticas y por localización. No importa la cartografía en sí misma, sino el análisis, la interpretación y el establecimiento de indicadores de aptitudes edáficas a partir de información geográfica sistematizada. La Información básica es confiable y posee la máxima integridad. Con IDRISI se realizó, con las bandas 5, 4 Y 3 una composición en falso color. Se elaboraron mapas digitalizados de clasificación no supervisada de cobertura del suelo. Se confeccionó, en Access, una base de datos con 26 registros de determinaciones edáficas. Se exportó esta información temática a IDRISI versión 2.0. Con IDRISI se cartografiaron diferentes campos de la base de datos, lo que estableció distintas zonas pilotos en las que se realizó análisis espacial. De estos análisis se crearon mapas temáticos en formato digital. Con otra base de datos reales de 20 registros se convalidaron los resultados de las cartografías realizadas. El trabajo expresa una visión general real de las características edáficas superficiales más importantes y las cartografías cas realizadas tienen valor práctico al establecer indicadores que sirven para quienes tengan conocimientos edafológicos medios.The objective of the work is to generate maps and to associate them to digital databases. Where the databas es are immediately available and thematic and localization questions can be consulted in automated, efficient and effective formo The basis is not only the cartography by itself but also to analyse, to interpret, to create knowledge, to set indicators of edaphic aptitudes, starting from the data and systematized geographical information. The basic information is reliable and it possesses the maximum integrity. With IDRISI a composition in false color, with the bands 5, 4 and 3 was carried out. Digitized maps of not supervised classification of covering of the soil were elaborated. In Access a database with 26 registrations of edaphic determinations was created. Thematic information was exported to IDRIS1 version 2:0. In IDRISI different fields of the database were established different control areas in those that space analyses was carried out. From these analyses thematic maps were created in digital formato With another database of 20 registrations, the results of temáti¬ the carried out cartographies was authenticated. The work expresses a general vision of the most important characteristic of surface soil and the thematic cartographies carried out have an important practical value, specially for those who have average edaphic knowledge.Fil: Perez Valenzuela, Benjamín R.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: De Cara, Daniel E. . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Lipinski, Víctor M. . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agraria

Serendipitous Discovery of Light-Induced \u3cem\u3e(In Situ)\u3c/em\u3e Formation of An Azo-Bridged Dimeric Sulfonated Naphthol as a Potent PTP1B Inhibito

Background Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) like dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) are drug targets for diseases that include cancer, diabetes, and vascular disorders such as hemangiomas. The PTPs are also known to be notoriously difficult targets for designing inihibitors that become viable drug leads. Therefore, the pipeline for approved drugs in this class is minimal. Furthermore, drug screening for targets like PTPs often produce false positive and false negative results. Results Studies presented herein provide important insights into: (a) how to detect such artifacts, (b) the importance of compound re-synthesis and verification, and (c) how in situ chemical reactivity of compounds, when diagnosed and characterized, can actually lead to serendipitous discovery of valuable new lead molecules. Initial docking of compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), followed by experimental testing in enzyme inhibition assays, identified an inhibitor of DUSP5. Subsequent control experiments revealed that this compound demonstrated time-dependent inhibition, and also a time-dependent change in color of the inhibitor that correlated with potency of inhibition. In addition, the compound activity varied depending on vendor source. We hypothesized, and then confirmed by synthesis of the compound, that the actual inhibitor of DUSP5 was a dimeric form of the original inhibitor compound, formed upon exposure to light and oxygen. This compound has an IC50 of 36 μM for DUSP5, and is a competitive inhibitor. Testing against PTP1B, for selectivity, demonstrated the dimeric compound was actually a more potent inhibitor of PTP1B, with an IC50 of 2.1 μM. The compound, an azo-bridged dimer of sulfonated naphthol rings, resembles previously reported PTP inhibitors, but with 18-fold selectivity for PTP1B versus DUSP5. Conclusion We report the identification of a potent PTP1B inhibitor that was initially identified in a screen for DUSP5, implying common mechanism of inhibitory action for these scaffolds

EFFECTS OF 3 TOPICAL PLANT EXTRACTS ON WOUND HEALING IN BEEF CATTLE

Eleven heifers of the Purunã cattle breed were used to evaluate wound healing by second intention. An experimental wound excision model in bovines was created by means of a skin punch of diameter 2cm. The animals were topically treated for 17 days with a saline control or decoctions of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Aroeira mansa), Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb (Ipê Roxo), and Casearia sylvestris Sw.(Guaçatonga) mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose. Centripetal retraction, clinical, and histological aspects of the wounds were observed until complete healing. Decoctions of T. avellanedae and S. terebinthifolius, but not C. sylvestris, had a beneficial effect on wound healing by second intention

Absence of polysialylated NCAM is an unfavorable prognostic phenotype for advanced stage neuroblastoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The expression of a neural crest stem cell marker, polysialic acid (polySia), and its main carrier, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), have been detected in some malignant tumors with high metastatic activity and unfavorable prognosis, but the diagnostic and prognostic value of polySia-NCAM in neuroblastoma is unclear.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A tumor tissue microarray (TMA) of 36 paraffin-embedded neuroblastoma samples was utilized to detect polySia-NCAM expression with a polySia-binding fluorescent fusion protein, and polySia-NCAM expression was compared with clinical stage, age, <it>MYCN </it>amplification status, histology (INPC), and proliferation index (PI).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>PolySia-NCAM-positive neuroblastoma patients had more often metastases at diagnosis, and polySia-NCAM expression associated with advanced disease (<it>P </it>= 0.047). Most interestingly, absence of polySia-NCAM-expressing tumor cells in TMA samples, however, was a strong unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival in advanced disease (<it>P </it>= 0.0004), especially when <it>MYCN </it>was not amplified. PolySia-NCAM-expressing bone marrow metastases were easily detected in smears, aspirates and biopsies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>PolySia-NCAM appears to be a new clinically significant molecular marker in neuroblastoma, hopefully with additional value in neuroblastoma risk stratification.</p

A unified lead-oriented synthesis of over fifty molecular scaffolds

Controlling the properties of lead molecules is critical in drug discovery, but sourcing large numbers of lead-like compounds for screening collections is a major challenge. A unified synthetic approach is described that enabled the synthesis of 52 diverse lead-like molecular scaffolds from a minimal set of 13 precursors. The divergent approach exploited a suite of robust, functional group-tolerant transformations. Crucially, after derivatisation, these scaffolds would target significant lead-like chemical space, and complement commercially-available compounds

Antimycobacterial drug discovery using Mycobacteria-infected amoebae identifies anti-infectives and new molecular targets

Tuberculosis remains a serious threat to human health world-wide, and improved efficiency of medical treatment requires a better understanding of the pathogenesis and the discovery of new drugs. In the present study, we performed a whole-cell based screen in order to complete the characterization of 168 compounds from the GlaxoSmithKline TB-set. We have established and utilized novel previously unexplored host-model systems to characterize the GSK compounds, i.e. the amoeboid organisms D. discoideum and A. castellanii, as well as a microglial phagocytic cell line, BV2. We infected these host cells with Mycobacterium marinum to monitor and characterize the anti-infective activity of the compounds with quantitative fluorescence measurements and high-content microscopy. In summary, 88.1% of the compounds were confirmed as antibiotics against M. marinum, 11.3% and 4.8% displayed strong anti-infective activity in, respectively, the mammalian and protozoan infection models. Additionally, in the two systems, 13-14% of the compounds displayed pro-infective activity. Our studies underline the relevance of using evolutionarily distant pathogen and host models in order to reveal conserved mechanisms of virulence and defence, respectively, which are potential "universal" targets for intervention. Subsequent mechanism of action studies based on generation of over-expresser M. bovis BCG strains, generation of spontaneous resistant mutants and whole genome sequencing revealed four new molecular targets, including FbpA, MurC, MmpL3 and GlpK

International Consensus Guidelines for the Definition, Detection, and Interpretation of Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a complex degradation process with a dual role in cell death that is influenced by the cell types that are involved and the stressors they are exposed to. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent oxidative form of cell death characterized by unrestricted lipid peroxidation in the context of heterogeneous and plastic mechanisms. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of specific types of autophagy (e.g. ferritinophagy, lipophagy, and clockophagy) in initiating or executing ferroptotic cell death through the selective degradation of anti-injury proteins or organelles. Conversely, other forms of selective autophagy (e.g. reticulophagy and lysophagy) enhance the cellular defense against ferroptotic damage. Dysregulated autophagy-dependent ferroptosis has implications for a diverse range of pathological conditions. This review aims to present an updated definition of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis, discuss influential substrates and receptors, outline experimental methods, and propose guidelines for interpreting the results