Outline of an approach to management standards

In its book SMOG: A REPORT TO THE PEOPLE (1972), the Environmental Quality Laboratory (EQL) proposed that "management standards" be used as an approach to air quality in the Los Angeles Basin. The concept of management standards is based on technical, economic, and social feasibility. It envisions a relatively long-term, relatively stringent ambient air quality goal to be achieved eventually through a specified series of time-phased steps. Each step would set a target date by which there must be achieved substantial percentage reductions in the number of days per year on which the long-term ambient air quality goal is violated, reducing this figure by the ultimate target date to no (or insignificant) days of violation annually. Management standards thus aim at long-term goals, but they insist as well upon short-term, time-phased improvements -- each of which demands all feasible control steps, and each of which enhances air quality relative to what it was before. The outline that follows represents a first attempt at thinking about application of the management standards concept on a nationwide basis. The purpose is to achieve the commendable objectives of the Clean Air Amendments of 1970 in a manner that takes into account the varying problems and conditions that exist in different air quality regions. The approach suggested in the outline would preserve the strong features of the Clean Air Amendments; it would also require by law certain planning steps to have in fact been taken under, though they were not a formal part of, the Clean Air Amendments

State Power Plant Siting: a Sketch of the Main Features of a Possible Approach

Work on various phases of power plant technology and siting has been underway within the Environmental Quality Laboratory (EQL) at the California Institute of Technology for some time. Of particular relevance to this memorandum, a good deal of effort has been devoted to institutional aspects of the siting process. Our purpose in what follows is to draw from our past work -- and from the discussions and work of others -- a sketch of the major outlines of one possible approach to power plant siting for the state. We hope in doing so to give our present views about the issues and how they might rationally be resolved, not so much to convince as to inform, stimulate fruitful ideas, and help provide the basis for constructive debate. We ourselves are not necessarily wedded to any of the discussion that follows; we find our own minds changing from time to time as we study the problem further or confront sound suggestions from others. Part I of this memorandum briefly outlines the major features of what we see as a fruitful approach to the siting problem. Sections A through E of Part I describe some elements of the approach; Section F sketches the actual siting decision process we suggest, and in doing so shows how the elements play into the process. Section G comments briefly on a suggested role for judicial review. In Part II we attempt to reduce our ideas to a fairly precise outline for a state siting statute, and to deal with certain matters of detail not covered in Part I. Section A of Part II introduces the statutory outline by summarizing each of its provisions; Section B sets forth the outline itself. The Appendix to this memorandum depicts our suggested approach in time-line fashion; it should be helpful in reading and understanding the proposal

Room-temperature InAs0.89Sb0.11 photodetectors for CO detection at 4.6 mu m. .

An InAs0.89Sb0.11 photovoltaic detector that operates at room temperature in the 2.5-5 mu m mid-infrared wavelength region is reported. The photodiode has an extended spectral response compared with other currently available III-V room-temperature detectors. In order to accommodate the large lattice mismatch between the InAs0.89Sb0.11 active region and the InAs substrate, a buffer layer with an intermediate composition was introduced into the structure. In this way, we obtained room-temperature photodiodes with a cutoff wavelength near 5 mu m, a peak responsivity of 0.8 A/W, and a detectivity of 1.26 x 10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W. These devices could be effectively used as the basis of an optical sensor for the environmental monitoring of carbon monoxide at 4.6 mu m, or as a replacement for PbSe photoconductors. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02332-9]

Architectural Journal 1960-1975

How does one become a recognized architect? Where does the inspiration come from and how is it transformed into buildings, streets and cities? With his Architectural Journal Rob Krier takes the readers on a fascinating journey, guiding one through pivotal moments of early stages of his career as an architect. With a sense of humour, empathy and charm Krier tells a story of his professional path, starting with holidays spent with his grandparents, images, colors and smells that shaped his future choices. He talks about his triumphs and stumbles, giving an intimate insight into the architectural profession, deprived of any pretence to eternal greatness and heroic narrative. The journal encompasses 15 formative years of Krier’s career, starting from architectural studies in Munich, through trips and temporary settlements in Luxemburg, Stuttgart and Lausanne. Krier’s memories are accompanied by theoretical texts. Here he touches upon architect’s responsibilities, importance of historical legacy and exhorts to boycott ugliness in the name of beauty. Striving for something else than pure functionality in architecture, Krier calls for poetical approach, so characteristic for his work, stating: Poetry is in the breath of the building, the aroma that exudes from all its nooks”. Rob Krier is one of the most influential architects and urban planners of the second half of the 20th century. His theoretical writings deal with the idea of town planning informed by traditional notions of harmony, civic space and community

Risk and the Legal System

"Risk" and the "legal system" are ambiguous terms. Here they are clarified, then considered from the standpoint of the objectives, methods, and problems of legal intervention in a world of inevitable risk.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66562/2/10.1177_000271629654500119.pd