2,342 research outputs found
Reissner-Nordstrom and charged gas spheres
The main point of this paper is a suggestion about the proper treatment of
the photon gas in a theory of stellar structure and other plasmas. This problem
arises in the study of polytropic gas spheres, where we have already introduced
some innovations. The main idea, already advanced in the contextof neutral,
homogeneous, polytropic stellar models, is to base the theory firmly on a
variational principle. Another essential novelty is to let mass distribution
extend to infinity, the boundary between bulk and atmosphere being defined by
an abrupt change in the polytropic index, triggered by the density. The logical
next step in this program is to include the effect of radiation, which is a
very significant complication since a full treatment would have to include an
account of ionization, thus fieldsrepresenting electrons, ions, photons,
gravitons and neutral atoms as well. In way of preparation, we consider models
that are charged but homogeneous, involving only gravity, electromagnetism and
a single scalar field that represents both the mass and the electric charge; in
short, anon-neutral plasma. While this work only represents a stage in the
development of a theory of stars, without direct application to physical
systems, it does shed some light on the meaning of the Reissner-Nordstrom
solution of the modified Einstein-Maxwell equations., with an application to a
simple system.Comment: 19 pages, plain te
Fair scans of the seesaw. Consequences for predictions on LFV processes
Usual analyses based on scans of the seesaw parameter-space can be biassed
since they do not cover in a fair way the complete parameter-space. More
precisely, we show that in the common "R-parametrization", many acceptable
R-matrices, compatible with the perturbativity of Yukawa couplings, are
normally disregarded from the beginning, which produces biasses in the results.
We give a straightforward procedure to scan the space of complex R-matrices in
a complete way, giving a very simple rule to incorporate the perturbativity
requirement as a condition for the entries of the R-matrix, something not
considered before. As a relevant application of this, we show that the extended
believe that BR(mu --> e, gamma) in supersymmetric seesaw models depends
strongly on the value of theta_13 is an "optical effect" produced by such
biassed scans, and does not hold after a careful analytical and numerical
study. When the complete scan is done, BR(mu --> e, gamma) gets very
insensitive to theta_13. Moreover, the values of the branching ratio are
typically larger than those quoted in the literature, due to the large number
of acceptable points in the parameter-space which were not considered before.
Including (unflavoured) leptogenesis does not introduce any further dependence
on theta_13, although decreases the typical value of BR(mu --> e, gamma).Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Sexual function, quality of life, and fertility in women who had surgery for neonatal Hirschsprung's disease
On the fraction of dark matter in charged massive particles (CHAMPs)
From various cosmological, astrophysical and terrestrial requirements, we
derive conservative upper bounds on the present-day fraction of the mass of the
Galactic dark matter (DM) halo in charged massive particles (CHAMPs). If dark
matter particles are neutral but decay lately into CHAMPs, the lack of
detection of heavy hydrogen in sea water and the vertical pressure equilibrium
in the Galactic disc turn out to put the most stringent bounds. Adopting very
conservative assumptions about the recoiling velocity of CHAMPs in the decay
and on the decay energy deposited in baryonic gas, we find that the lifetime
for decaying neutral DM must be > (0.9-3.4)x 10^3 Gyr. Even assuming the
gyroradii of CHAMPs in the Galactic magnetic field are too small for halo
CHAMPs to reach Earth, the present-day fraction of the mass of the Galactic
halo in CHAMPs should be < (0.4-1.4)x 10^{-2}. We show that redistributing the
DM through the coupling between CHAMPs and the ubiquitous magnetic fields
cannot be a solution to the cuspy halo problem in dwarf galaxies.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures. To appear in JCA
Fetal body MRI and its application to fetal and neonatal treatment: an illustrative review
This Review depicts the evolving role of MRI in the diagnosis and prognostication of anomalies of the fetal body, here including head and neck, thorax, abdomen and spine. A review of the current literature on the latest developments in antenatal imaging for diagnosis and prognostication of congenital anomalies is coupled with illustrative cases in true radiological planes with viewable three-dimensional video models that show the potential of post-acquisition reconstruction protocols. We discuss the benefits and limitations of fetal MRI, from anomaly detection, to classification and prognostication, and defines the role of imaging in the decision to proceed to fetal intervention, across the breadth of included conditions. We also consider the current capabilities of ultrasound and explore how MRI and ultrasound can complement each other in the future of fetal imaging
Non-resonant leptogenesis in seesaw models with an almost conserved B-L
We review the motivations and some results on leptogenesis in seesaw models
with an almost conserved lepton number. The paper is based on a talk given at
the 5th International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics, SSP2012.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. Published in the proceedings of the 5th
International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics, SSP201
Flavoured soft leptogenesis and natural values of the B term
We revisit flavour effects in soft leptogenesis relaxing the assumption of
universality for the soft supersymmetry breaking terms. We find that with
respect to the case in which the heavy sneutrinos decay with equal rates and
equal CP asymmetries for all lepton flavours, hierarchical flavour
configurations can enhance the efficiency by more than two orders of magnitude.
This translates in more than three order of magnitude with respect to the
one-flavour approximation. We verify that lepton flavour equilibration effects
related to off-diagonal soft slepton masses are ineffective for damping these
large enhancements. We show that soft leptogenesis can be successful for
unusual values of the relevant parameters, allowing for and for values of the washout parameter up to .Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures postscript, Minor changes to match the published
version in JHE
Cross-cultural validation of the Brief Social Phobia Scale for use in Portuguese and the development of a structured interview guide
On the abundance of non-cometary HCN on Jupiter
Using one-dimensional thermochemical/photochemical kinetics and transport
models, we examine the chemistry of nitrogen-bearing species in the Jovian
troposphere in an attempt to explain the low observational upper limit for HCN.
We track the dominant mechanisms for interconversion of N2-NH3 and HCN-NH3 in
the deep, hightemperature troposphere and predict the rate-limiting step for
the quenching of HCN at cooler tropospheric altitudes. Consistent with other
investigations that were based solely on time-scale arguments, our models
suggest that transport-induced quenching of thermochemically derived HCN leads
to very small predicted mole fractions of hydrogen cyanide in Jupiter's upper
troposphere. By the same token, photochemical production of HCN is ineffective
in Jupiter's troposphere: CH4-NH3 coupling is inhibited by the physical
separation of the CH4 photolysis region in the upper stratosphere from the NH3
photolysis and condensation region in the troposphere, and C2H2-NH3 coupling is
inhibited by the low tropospheric abundance of C2H2. The upper limits from
infrared and submillimeter observations can be used to place constraints on the
production of HCN and other species from lightning and thundershock sources.Comment: 56 pages, 0 tables, 6 figures. Submitted to Faraday Discussions [in
press
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