АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ В ГЛОБАЛЬНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ КАК СЛЕДСТВИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

The article focuses on the problems of national education at the current moment. The authors make case about the outlooks of improving the quality of education based on the most technologies. The authors outline that application of information technologies enhances the quality of training of specialists taking into account the obvious fact that social institutions have a high degree of originality and uniqueness and require development of specific technologies for each of them. Full socio-philosophical analysis of the role of information in global education implies investigation of the peculiarities of education as a part of society. The thing is that research devoted to the role, place and outlooks would depend on solution of social problems, education problems as an important social institute. This means that any actions on directing the information flows in education should follow the national idea, as the education system becomes a reason and a consequence of all social transformations. In other words, the education system is closely connected with sustainability of society; however, it has its own peculiarity specified by concrete education activity. Modern global education differs from the traditional one (Soviet), in the way knowledge is delivered on the broader spectrum. The authors pay attention to the mechanism of knowledge delivering and qualitative characteristics of new information that should become the bridge to the new knowledge by means of application new ways of information transmission. Due to the fact that information technologies are widely applied, teachers should deliver knowledge not only by means of classroom studies but using university and global information nets.В статье рассматриваются вопросы отечественного образования на современном этапе. Раскрываются перспективы повышения качества образования на основе новейших технологий. При этом доказывается, что внедрение информационных технологий является мощным средством повышения качества подготовки специалистов с учетом того очевидного обстоятельства, что социальные институты обладают высокой степенью неповторимости и уникальности и требуют разработки специфических технологий применительно к каждому из них. Полноценный социально-философский анализ роли информации в глобальном образовании предполагает исследование особенностей самого образования как части социума. Дело в том, что любые исследования, посвященные роли, месту и перспективам информации, так или иначе будут зависеть от уровня решения социальных проблем вообще и образования как важнейшего социального института в частности. Это означает, что любые действия по направлению потоков информации в образовательном процессе должны согласовываться с общенациональной идеей, поскольку система образования всегда является и причиной, и следствием всех социальных трансформаций. Другими словами, образовательная система тесным образом связана с устойчивостью всего общества, однако имеет свою особенность, детерминированную спецификой конкретной образовательной деятельности. Современная глобальная школа отличается от традиционной, советской, в частности тем, что трансляция знаний ведется по более широкому спектру. Представляет интерес как сам механизм трансляции знаний, так и качественные характеристики новой информации, которая должна стать своеобразным мостиком в новое знание, используя в обучении новые каналы передачи информации. В условиях активного применения информационных технологий наряду с традиционными авторскими программами преподаватели могут и должны доносить знания не только посредством аудиторных занятий, но и путем использования как локальных (вузовских), так и глобальных информационных сетей

Queen mandibular pheromone: questions that remain to be resolved

The discovery of ‘queen substance’, and the subsequent identification and synthesis of keycomponents of queen mandibular pheromone, has been of significant importance to beekeepers and to thebeekeeping industry. Fifty years on, there is greater appreciation of the importance and complexity of queenpheromones, but many mysteries remain about the mechanisms through which pheromones operate. Thediscovery of sex pheromone communication in moths occurred within the same time period, but in this case,intense pressure to find better means of pest management resulted in a remarkable focusing of research activityon understanding pheromone detection mechanisms and the central processing of pheromone signals in themoth. We can benefit from this work and here, studies on moths are used to highlight some of the gaps in ourknowledge of pheromone communication in bees. A better understanding of pheromone communication inhoney bees promises improved strategies for the successful management of these extraordinary animals

Comprehensive analysis of epigenetic clocks reveals associations between disproportionate biological ageing and hippocampal volume

The concept of age acceleration, the difference between biological age and chronological age, is of growing interest, particularly with respect to age-related disorders, such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Whilst studies have reported associations with AD risk and related phenotypes, there remains a lack of consensus on these associations. Here we aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between five recognised measures of age acceleration, based on DNA methylation patterns (DNAm age), and cross-sectional and longitudinal cognition and AD-related neuroimaging phenotypes (volumetric MRI and Amyloid-β PET) in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Significant associations were observed between age acceleration using the Hannum epigenetic clock and cross-sectional hippocampal volume in AIBL and replicated in ADNI. In AIBL, several other findings were observed cross-sectionally, including a significant association between hippocampal volume and the Hannum and Phenoage epigenetic clocks. Further, significant associations were also observed between hippocampal volume and the Zhang and Phenoage epigenetic clocks within Amyloid-β positive individuals. However, these were not validated within the ADNI cohort. No associations between age acceleration and other Alzheimer’s disease-related phenotypes, including measures of cognition or brain Amyloid-β burden, were observed, and there was no association with longitudinal change in any phenotype. This study presents a link between age acceleration, as determined using DNA methylation, and hippocampal volume that was statistically significant across two highly characterised cohorts. The results presented in this study contribute to a growing literature that supports the role of epigenetic modifications in ageing and AD-related phenotypes

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Uncovering the heterogeneity and temporal complexity of neurodegenerative diseases with Subtype and Stage Inference

The heterogeneity of neurodegenerative diseases is a key confound to disease understanding and treatment development, as study cohorts typically include multiple phenotypes on distinct disease trajectories. Here we introduce a machine-learning technique\u2014Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn)\u2014able to uncover data-driven disease phenotypes with distinct temporal progression patterns, from widely available cross-sectional patient studies. Results from imaging studies in two neurodegenerative diseases reveal subgroups and their distinct trajectories of regional neurodegeneration. In genetic frontotemporal dementia, SuStaIn identifies genotypes from imaging alone, validating its ability to identify subtypes; further the technique reveals within-genotype heterogeneity. In Alzheimer\u2019s disease, SuStaIn uncovers three subtypes, uniquely characterising their temporal complexity. SuStaIn provides fine-grained patient stratification, which substantially enhances the ability to predict conversion between diagnostic categories over standard models that ignore subtype (p = 7.18 7 10 124 ) or temporal stage (p = 3.96 7 10 125 ). SuStaIn offers new promise for enabling disease subtype discovery and precision medicine

Hard Tick Factors Implicated in Pathogen Transmission

Ticks are the most common arthropod vector, after mosquitoes, and are capable of transmitting the greatest variety of pathogens. For both humans and animals, the worldwide emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne disease is becoming increasingly problematic. Despite being such an important issue, our knowledge of pathogen transmission by ticks is incomplete. Several recent studies, reviewed here, have reported that the expression of some tick factors can be modulated in response to pathogen infection, and that some of these factors can impact on the pathogenic life cycle. Delineating the specific tick factors required for tick-borne pathogen transmission should lead to new strategies in the disruption of pathogen life cycles to combat emerging tick-borne disease