Long range energy transfer in conjugated polymer sequential bilayers

Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence have been used to investigate the optical properties of bilayer and blend films made from poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-2,7-diyl) (PFO) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH PPV). Energy transfer has been observed in both systems. From steady-state photoluminescence measurements, the energy transfer was characterized by the effective enhancement of the MEH PPV emission intensity after exciting the donor states. Relatively faster decays for the PFO donor emission have been observed in the blends as well as in the bilayer structures, confirming effective energy transfer in both structures. In contrast to the bilayers, the time decay of the acceptor emission in the blends presents a long decay component, which was assigned to the exciplex formation in these samples. For the blends the acceptor emission is in fact a composition of exciplex and MEH PPV emissions, the later being due to Forster energy transfer from PFO. In the bilayers, the exciplex is not observed and temperature dependence photoluminescence measurements show that exciton migration has no significant contribution to the energy transfer. The efficiency and very long range of the energy transfer in the bilayers is explained assuming a surface-surface interaction geometry where the donor/acceptor distances involved are much longer than the common Forster radius

Echocardiographic Findings and Their Impact on Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients with AIDS in the Era of HAART

Objective. To describe the echocardiographic findings in critically ill patients with AIDS and their impact on clinical outcome. Design. A retrospective chart review of consecutive AIDS patients over 18 years of age, who had a trans-thoracic echocardiogram performed during the course of intensive care unit stay over the course of 2 years at a tertiary care hospital. Main outcome measures. The prevalence of echocardiogram abnormalities in this population and its impact on ICU mortality, ICU length of stay, hospital mortality, hospital length of stay and 60 day survival. Results. Among 107 patients who met the inclusion criteria, an admission echocardiogram was performed in 62 (58%). The prevalence of cardiac abnormalities was 60%. The most common admission diagnosis was respiratory failure n = 27 (43%). The most common finding on echocardiogram was left ventricular (LV) dysfunction n = 31 (50%) followed by pulmonary hypertension n = 25 (40%). None of these findings had a significant impact on clinical outcomes. There was trend toward reduced 60 day survival among patients with depressed LV function. Conclusions. Although echocardiogram abnormalities were prevalent among this population none of these findings had a significant impact on ICU mortality or hospital mortality and ICU length of stay or hospital length of stay

European Union's public fishing access agreements in developing countries

The imperative to increase seafood supply while dealing with its overfished local stocks has pushed the European Union (EU) and its Member States to fish in the Exclusive Economic Zones of other countries through various types of fishing agreements for decades. Although European public fishing agreements are commented on regularly and considered to be transparent, this is the first global and historical study on the fee regime that governs them. We find that the EU has subsidized these agreements at an average of 75% of their cost (financial contribution agreed upon in the agreements), while private European business interests paid the equivalent of 1.5% of the value of the fish that was eventually landed. This raises questions of fisheries benefit-sharing and resource-use equity that the EU has the potential to address during the nearly completed reform of its Common Fisheries Policy

Avaliação do consumo de açúcar/sacarose nos alunos do curso de Odontologia do UniFOA

Durante os últimos anos, em especial devido ao aumento do consumo de açúcar nas grandes concentrações populacionais, o número de doenças associadas a este consumo tem repercutido na saúde humana, destacando-se entre essas doenças a cárie dentária. O Curso de Odontologia do UniFOA está localizado no campus Olezio Galotti no bairro Três Poços em Volta Redonda no estado do Rio de Janeiro, possuindo em suas instalações 3 restaurantes e 4 lanchonetes, onde são oferecidos alimentos que apresentam sacarose em sua composição, sendo esse, apontado como o principal substrato para desenvolvimento da doença cárie. No presente estudo foram selecionados aleatoriamente 64 acadêmicos matriculados no curso de Odontologia no período de julho de 2008 a julho de 2009. Foi realizado a partir da aplicação de um questionário contendo perguntas a respeito dos hábitos alimentares dos alunos, com ênfase no consumo de açúcar e sacarose. Foram avaliados o padrão do consumo de açúcar que os acadêmicos adotam para si próprios, ou adotarão na dieta de seus filhos, razões para restrição do consumo de açúcar de seus pacientes, e se os mesmos se consideram capazes de controlar e orientar o consumo de açúcar. Para a organização dos dados, foi utilizado o programa Microsoft Excel versão 2007. Os resultados foram apresentados em tabelas, e toda a análise foi realizada através de cálculo numérico e percentual. O objetivo foi o de estudar os padrões de consumo de açúcar e sacarose nos alunos do Curso de Odontologia do UniFOA, analisando mudanças de comportamento em relação a esse consumo

Does traumatic occlusal forces lead to peri-implant bone loss? a systematic review

Observational studies have indicated that crestal bone level changes at implants are typically associated with clinical signs of inflammation, but still mechanical overload has been described as possible factor leading to hard-tissue deficiencies at implant sites without mucosal inflammation. The aim of this paper was systematically review the literature regarding the possible effect of traumatic occlusal forces on the peri-implant bone levels. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs, including the following terms: oral OR dental AND implant$AND (load OR overload OR excessive load OR force$ OR bruxism) AND (bone loss OR bone resorption OR implant failure$). Databases were searched for the past 10 years of publications, including: clinical human studies, either randomized or not, cohort studies, case control studies, case series and animal research. Exclusion criteria were review articles, guidelines and in vitro and in silico (finite element analysis) research, as well as retrospective studies. The PICO questions formulated was: "does traumatic occlusal forces lead to peri-implant bone loss?" The database searches as well as additional hand searching, resulted in 807 potentially relevant titles. After inclusion/exclusion criteria assessment 2 clinical and 4 animal studies were considered relevant to the topic. The included animal studies did not reveal an association between overload and peri-implant bone loss when lower overloads were applied, whereas in the presence of excessive overload it seemed to generate peri-implant bone loss, even in the absence of inflammation. The effect of traumatic occlusal forces in peri-implant bone loss is poorly reported and provides little evidence to support a cause-and-effect relationship in humans, considering the strength of a clinically relevant traumatic occlusal force33

Peripheral Sensitization Increases Opioid Receptor Expression And Activation By Crotalphine In Rats

Inflammation enhances the peripheral analgesic efficacy of opioid drugs, but the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Crotalphine (CRP), a peptide that was first isolated from South American rattlesnake C.d. terrificus venom, induces a potent and long-lasting anti-nociceptive effect that is mediated by the activation of peripheral opioid receptors. Because the high efficacy of CRP is only observed in the presence of inflammation, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the CRP anti-nociceptive effect induced by inflammation. Using real-time RT-PCR, western blot analysis and ELISA assays, we demonstrate that the intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases the mRNA and protein levels of the μ- and κ-opioid receptors in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and paw tissue of rats within 3 h of the injection. Using conformation state-sensitive antibodies that recognize activated opioid receptors, we show that PGE 2, alone does not increase the activation of these opioid receptors but that in the presence of PGE2, the activation of specific opioid receptors by CRP and selective μ- and κ-opioid receptor agonists (positive controls) increases. Furthermore, PGE2 down-regulated the expression and activation of the δ-opioid receptor. CRP increased the level of activated mitogen-activated protein kinases in cultured DRG neurons, and this increase was dependent on the activation of protein kinase Cζ. This CRP effect was much more prominent when the cells were pretreated with PGE 2. These results indicate that the expression and activation of peripheral opioid receptors by opioid-like drugs can be up- or down-regulated in the presence of an acute injury and that acute tissue injury enhances the efficacy of peripheral opioids. © 2014 Zambelli et al.93Stein, C., Peripheral mechanisms of opioid analgesia (1993) Anesth Analg, 76, pp. 182-191Obara, I., Parkitna, J.R., Korostynski, M., Makuch, W., Kaminska, D., Local peripheral opioid effects and expression of opioid genes in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in neuropathic and inflammatory pain (2009) Pain, 141, pp. 283-291Puehler, W., Zollner, C., Brack, A., Shaqura, M.A., Krause, H., Schafer, M., Stein, C., Rapid upregulation of mu opioid receptor mRNA in dorsal root ganglia in response to peripheral inflammation depends on neuronal conduction (2004) Neuroscience, 129 (2), pp. 473-479. , DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.086, PII S030645220400627XMaekawa, K., Minami, M., Masuda, T., Satoh, M., Expression of 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10.1124/mol.64.2.202Shaqura, M.A., Zollner, C., Mousa, S.A., Stein, C., Schafer, M., Characterization of mu Opioid Receptor Binding and G Protein Coupling in Rat Hypothalamus, Spinal Cord, and Primary Afferent Neurons during Inflammatory Pain (2004) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 308 (2), pp. 712-718. , DOI 10.1124/jpet.103.057257Antonijevic, I., Mousa, S.A., Schafer, M., Stein, C., Perineurial defect and peripheral opioid analgesia in inflammation (1995) J Neurosci, 15, pp. 165-172Mousa, S.A., Zhang, Q., Sitte, N., Ji, R.-R., Stein, C., beta-endorphin-containing memory-cells and mu-opioid receptors undergo transport to peripheral inflamed tissue (2001) Journal of Neuroimmunology, 115 (1-2), pp. 71-78. , DOI 10.1016/S0165-5728(01)00271-5, PII S0165572801002715Konno, K., Picolo, G., Gutierrez, V.P., Brigatte, P., Zambelli, V.O., Crotalphine, a novel potent analgesic peptide from the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus (2008) 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Levantamento da incidência de prolongamento do processo estilóide e/ou calcificação do ligamento estiloióideo em radiografias panorâmicas

A Síndrome de Eagle tem sido associada a uma variedade de sintomas, destacando-se a dor, usualmente unilateral, referida para a garganta, língua, olhos, terço médio da face, ATM e ouvido. É caracterizada pela presença de prolongamento do processo estilóde e/ou calcificação do ligamento estiloióideo, alterações que podem ser observadas em radiografias panorâmicas comumente utilizadas em clínicas e consultórios odontológicos durante tratamento de rotina. Quinhentas radiografias panorâmicas pertencentes ao arquivo da Disciplina de Patologia Bucal do Curso de Odontologia do UniFOA, serão avaliadas em relação a alterações anatômicas associadas à Síndrome de Eagle. Para avaliação das radiografias será utilizado negatoscópio de 1 corpo, à base de luz fria e composto por 2 lâmpadas fluorescentes, 110/220V, construído em chapa de aço esmaltada, com frente de acrílico leitoso, e possuindo fixação de RX por roletes. Área útil de 0,37m de largura, e 0,47m de altura (Santa Luzia – Brasil). As radiografias serão inicialmente avaliadas pelos alunos participantes da pesquisa, e posteriormente pelos professores orientadores. Os dados serão catalogados em planilha elaborada pelos professores orientadores, utilizando-se o Microsoft Excel 2007. Os resultados serão apresentados sob a forma de gráficos e tabelas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo gerar maiores informações à respeito da incidência de alterações radiográficas associadas à Síndrome de Eagle, no intuito de orientar os cirurgiões dentistas e alunos de graduação em Odontologia, bem como avaliar sua incidência em Volta Redonda, ainda desconhecida

Do infarto agudo do miocárdio ao choque cardiogênico: o que mudou?

Há muito se sabe que o infarto agudo do miocárdio é a etiologia mais prevalente do choque cardiogênico, sendo sua ocorrência um agravante importante de um quadro já crítico. Assim sendo, esta revisão de literatura tem por objetivo estudar as novas conclusões a respeito das respostas neuroendócrinas do organismo considerando as consequências a curto e longo prazo da ativação simpática, os efeitos deletérios por trás do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, os mecanismos de regulação pressórica e volumétrica intrínsecos dos grandes vasos. Com esse intuito, foram coletados estudos disponíveis nos sítios eletrônicos Pubmed e Scielo com um limite de data de publicação entre 2009 e 2011, prevalecendo aqueles cuja linha de pesquisa se ateve à utilização e confrontamento de resultados de diferentes classes de fármacos no tratamento agudo do choque e acompanhamento da patologia de base. Dessa forma, os achados da pesquisa foram confrontados com a terapêutica vigente, evidenciando, portanto, as perspectivas futuras para a abordagem do choque e seu melhor seguimento