Reconciling the stratigraphy and depositional history of the Lycian orogen-top basins, SW Anatolia

Terrestrial fossil records from the SWAnatolian basins are crucial both for regional correlations and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. By reassessing biostratigraphic constraints and incorporating new fossil data, we calibrated and reconstructed the late Neogene andQuaternary palaeoenvironments within a regional palaeogeographical framework. The culmination of the Taurides inSWAnatolia was followed by a regional crustal extension from the late Tortonian onwards that created a broad array of NE-trending orogen-top basins with synchronic associations of alluvial fan, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The terrestrial basins are superimposed on the upper Burdigalian marine units with a c. 7 myr of hiatus that corresponds to a shift from regional shortening to extension. The initial infill of these basins is documented by a transition from marginal alluvial fans and axial fluvial systems into central shallow-perennial lakes coinciding with a climatic shift from warm/humid to arid conditions. The basal alluvial fan deposits abound in fossil macro-mammals of an early Turolian (MN11–12; late Tortonian) age. The Pliocene epoch in the region was punctuated by subhumid/humid conditions resulting in a rise of local base levels and expansion of lakes as evidenced by marsh-swamp deposits containing diverse fossilmammal assemblages indicating late Ruscinian (lateMN15; late Zanclean) ageWe are grateful for the support of the international bilateral project between The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and The Russian Scientific Foundation (RFBR) with grant a number of 111Y192. M.C.A. is grateful to the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for a GEBIP (Young Scientist Award) grant. T.K. and S.M. are grateful to the Ege University Scientific Research Center for the TTM/002/2016 and TTM/001/2016 projects. M.C.A., H.A., S.M. and M.B. have obtained Martin and Temmick Fellowships at Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden). F.A.D. is supported by a Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Scientific Research Grant. T.A.N. is supported by an Alexander-von-Humboldt Scholarship. L.H.O. received support from TUBITAK under the 2221 program for visiting scientists

Subdermal nitrous oxide delivery increases skin microcirculation and random flap survival in rats

Random skin flaps are essential tools in reconstructive surgery. In this study, we investigated the effect of subdermal nitrous oxide (N2O) application on random flap survival. In this experimental study, we used 21 female rats in three groups. In the N2O and air groups, gases were administrated under the proposed dorsal flap areas daily for seven days. Following the treatment period, flaps were raised and inserted back into their place from the dorsal skin. In the control group, the flaps were elevated and inserted back to their place without any pretreatment. Calculation of necrotic flap areas, histological examination and microangiography was performed to evaluate the results 7 days after the flap surgery. The average of necrotic flap area in the N2O, air and control group was 13.45%, 37.67% and 46.43%, respectively. (N2O vs air p = .044; N2O vs control p = .003). The average number of capillary formations identified in the histological analysis was 7.0 +/- 1.58, 3.75 +/- 2.36 and 4.4 +/- 0.54 in the N2O, air and control group, respectively. (N2O vs air p = .017; N2O vs control p = .037). The average number of capillary structures identified in the angiography images were 6.3 +/- 1.52, 1.6 +/- 1.15 and 1.3 +/- 0.57 in the N2O, air and control group, respectively. (N2O vs air p = .04; N2O vs control p = .02). We conclude that subdermal N2O application increases random flap survival through an increase in the skin microcirculation and could be promising for future clinical applications

Late Pleistocene–Holocene evolution of the northern shelf of the Sea of Marmara

Chirp sub-bottom profiling, multibeam bathymetric mapping and a combination of faunal and isotopic analysis of molluscs and foraminifera in sediment cores on the northern shelf of the Sea of Marmara (SoM) provide evidence of sea-level excursions, water exchanges between the adjacent Mediterranean and Black Seas, and oscillating salinity over the last 160ka bp. During the marine isotope stages MIS-2, MIS-3, MIS-4 and MIS-6 the SoM disconnected from the Mediterranean Sea and evolved into a lake. During MIS-1, MIS-5 and MIS-7, the SoM reconnected and became salty once again. Sapropels formed shortly after each invasion of Mediterranean saltwater observed in our cores. Concurrent suboxic–dysoxic conditions prevailed over quite shallow substrates on the shelf. Ancient shorelines are pervasive at −85m on the northern shelf and in the region of Prince Islands coincident with the elevation of the modern bedrock sill in the Çanakkale (Dardanelles) Strait. At times when global (eustatic) sea level dropped below this sill, the surface of the SoM stabilized at its outlet and freshened. Thus this particular shoreline is interpreted as the edge of the most recent SoM lake that existed from about 75ka bp to 12ka bp. The freshening is observed in very light (−6‰) values of δ18O measured on freshwater molluscs and the complete absence of foraminifera. Two brief lacustrine episodes during MIS-5 suggest that the level of the Çanakkale outlet might have been as shallow as −50m in the past, a likelihood supported by submerged terraces along its margins bounding the modern central channel and the presence of an euryhaline biofacies in Unit L4.1 corresponding to MIS-5b. δ18O profiles and carbon-14 dating show that salinification of the SoM and the blossoming of bioherms evolved rapidly after the latest connection with the Mediterranean at 12ka bp. However, freshening proceeded more slowly once the connection was severed

Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene vegetation and climate changes at the European scale: Long pollen records and climatostratigraphy

International audienceThe biostratigraphically calibrated long pollen record at DSDP Site 380 (southwestern Black Sea) displays a high-resolution continuous and contrasted evolution of the vegetation in the region for the entire Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene. An accurate correlation is established with the reference global oxygen isotopic curve and with the Northwestern European climatostratigraphy. Climatostratigraphic relationships are evident at the latitudinal and longitudinal scale of Europe, confirming the extensive strength of pollen analysis as a tool for correlations over large distances

The Messinian salinity crisis in the Dardanelles region : chronostratigraphic constraints

International audienc

Potent ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors: Thiazole-containing thiosemicarbazone derivatives

The antioxidant, antimalarial, antibacterial, and antitumor activities of thiosemicarbazones have made this class of compounds important for medicinal chemists. In addition, thiosemicarbazones are among the most potent and well-known ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors. In this study, 24 new thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized, and the structures and purity of the compounds were determined by IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The IC50 values of these 24 compounds were determined with an assay for ribonucleotide reductase inhibition. Compounds 19, 20, and 24 inhibited ribonucleotide reductase enzyme activity at a higher level than metisazone as standard. The cytotoxic effects of these compounds were measured on the MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cell lines. Similarly, compounds 19, 20, and 24 had a selective effect on the MCF7 and HEK293 cell lines, killing more cancer cells than cisplatin as standard. The compounds (especially 19, 20, and 24 as the most active ones) were then subjected to docking experiments to identify the probable interactions between the ligands and the enzyme active site. The complex formation was shown qualitatively. The ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties of the compounds were analyzed using in-silico techniques

A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL MODELS OF STRAY RADIATION EXPOSURES FROM PHOTON- AND PROTON-BEAM RADIOTHERAPIES

External-beam radiation therapy is safe, effective and widely used to treat cancer. With 5-year cancer survival for adults above 70%, increasingly research is focusing on quantifying and reducing treatment-related morbidity. Reducing exposures to healthy tissues is one strategy, which can be accomplished with advanced-technology radiotherapies, such as intensitymodulated photon therapy and proton therapy. Both of these modalities provide good conformation of the therapeutic dose to the tumor volume, but they also deliver stray radiation to the whole body that increases the risk of radiogenic second cancers. To minimize these risks, one needs to create and compare candidate treatment plans that explicitly take into account these risks. Currently, clinical practice does not include routine calculation of stray radiation exposure and, consequently, the assessment of corresponding risks is difficult. In this article, we review recent progress toward stray dose algorithms that are suitable for large-scale clinical use. In particular, we emphasize the current state of physics-based dose algorithms for intensity-modulated photon radiotherapy and proton therapy