Communication in health care/delivery of health care for deaf people: an integrative literature review

As barreiras de comunicação têm impactos diretos nos resultados de saúde das pessoas surdas, que muitas vezes ficam expostas a riscos de tratamentos inadequados sem consentimento. Neste contexto, a comunicação tem papel fundamental na avaliação e implementação dos cuidados específicos para essa clientela. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura cujo objetivo foi identificar, avaliar e sintetizar evidências acerca de como é feito o atendimento a pessoa surda nos diversos serviços presentes na área da saúde. As bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, CINHAL e LILACS foram utilizadas para a busca dos estudos primários indexados nos últimos 10 anos. Os descritores controlados foram delimitados de acordo com o vocabulário padronizado para cada uma das bases de dados. Dos 3.273 estudos localizados e considerando os critérios de seleção adotados, 86 estudos foram lidos na íntegra e 11 estudos primários foram incluídos na revisão integrativa. Foi utilizado um instrumento validado para a extração dos dados. A análise dos dados foi descritiva. Os estudos primários incluídos foram divididos em três categorias temáticas: Uso das línguas de sinais ou escritas, Atendimento por intermédio de terceiros (intérpretes e familiares) ou leitura labial e; Uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e outros dispositivos de mídia. Por meio dos estudos primários avaliados pode-se observar que ainda há uma ausência de adequação dos serviços de saúde com relação ao atendimento da pessoa surda. Entre elas foram identificadas a ausência de treinamento dos profissionais de saúde em linguagem de sinais, dificuldades na compreensão da linguagem escrita, dificuldade de acesso a intérpretes de línguas de sinais, dependência de familiares e amigos para acessar os serviços de saúde e, dificuldades com a leitura labial. Os dados desta pesquisa possibilitam aos profissionais de saúde e de enfermagem conhecer melhor quais lacunas na comunicação com os surdos devem ser preenchidas nos serviços de saúde e dessa forma orientar a prática assistencial e políticas para a inclusão destes.Communication barriers have a direct impact on the health outcomes of deaf people, who are often exposed to the risks of inappropriate treatment without consent. In this context, communication has a fundamental role in the evaluation and implementation of specific care for this clientele. It is an integrative review of the literature whose objective was to identify, evaluate and synthesize evidence about how care is provided for the deaf in the various services present in the health area. The Pubmed / Medline, CINHAL and LILACS databases were used to search for indexed primary studies in the last 10 years. The controlled descriptors were delimited according to the standardized vocabulary for each of the databases. Of the 3,273 studies located and considering the selection criteria adopted, 86 studies were selected for reading in full and 11 primary studies were included in the integrative review. A validated instrument was used for data extraction. Data analysis was descriptive. The included primary studies were divided into three thematic categories: Use of sign or written languages, Assistance through third parties (interpreters and family members) or lip reading and; Use of information and communication technologies and other media devices. Through the primary studies evaluated, it can be observed that there is still a lack of adequacy of health services in relation to the care of the deaf person. Among them were identified the lack of training of health professionals in sign language, difficulties in understanding written language, difficulty in accessing sign language interpreters, dependence on family and friends to access health services, and difficulties with lip reading. The data of this research enable health and nursing professionals to better understand which gaps in communication with the deaf should be filled in the health services and in this way guide the care practice and policies for their inclusion

Low-complexity and high throughput VLSI architecture of soft-output ML MIMO detector

In this paper a VLSI architecture of a high throughput and high performance soft-output (SO) MIMO detector (the recently presented Layered ORthogonal Lattice Detector, LORD) is presented. The baseline implementation includes optimal (i.e. maximum-likelihood - ML - in the max-log sense) SO generation. A reduced complexity variant of the SO generation stage is also described. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed architecture is the first VLSI implementation of a max-log ML MIMO detector which includes QR decomposition and SO generation, having the latter a deterministic very high throughput thanks to a fully parallelizable structure, and parameterizability in terms of both the number of transmit and receive antennas, and the supported modulation orders. The two designs achieve a very high throughput making them particularly suitable for MIMO-OFDM systems like e.g. IEEE 802.11n WLANs: the most demanding requirements are satisfied at a reasonable cost of area and power consumption

A 58mW 1.2 mm 2 HSDPA Turbo Decoder ASIC in 0.13 μm CMOS

This paper presents the implementation of the 1.2 mm2 HSDPA turbo decoder ASIC in 0.13 mum CMOS achieves a measured maximum frequency of 246 MHz, which translates to a maximum throughput of 20.2 Mb/s at 5.5 iterations. The peak throughput of 10.8 Mb/s required for HSDPA is achieved at 58 mW and an energy efficiency of 0.7 nJ/b/iter. The number of iterations versus input SNR, as determined by the implemented stopping criterion, and corresponding power measurements

Method and device for soft-output detection in multiple antenna communication systems

An embodiment of a method and device for detecting and generating bit soft-output of a multiple-input-multiple-output system is provided. The device includes at least one channel estimates preprocessing unit, one received vector processing and one detection and soft-output generation unit

Method and device for soft-output detection in multiple antenna communication systems

An embodiment of a method and device for detecting and generating bit soft-output of a multiple-input-multiple-output system is provided. The device includes at least one channel estimates preprocessing unit, one received vector processing and one detection and soft-output generation unit

A Hardware Oriented, Low Complexity LORD MIMO Detector

In this paper we introduce an innovative version of the recently proposed Layered ORthogonal lattice Detector (LORD). LORD is an attractive MIMO detection algorithm, which aims to approach the optimal Maximum-Likelihood (ML) detection performance with a reasonable complexity, quadratic in the number of transmitting antennas rather than exponential. LORD is also well suited to a hardware (e.g. ASIC or FPGA) implementation because of its regularity, deterministic latency and parallelism. Nevertheless, its complexity is still high in case of high cardinality constellations, such as the 64-QAM foreseen by the 802.11n standard. We show that, when only global latency constraints exist, e.g. a xed time to detect the whole OFDM symbol, the LORD complexity can be remarkably reduced (up to 60%), still approaching the ML performance