Variación intra-anual de la clorofila-a y nutrientes en un sistema río-llanura de inundación hidráulicamente perturbado en la cuenca del río Grijalva

Antecedentes: La interconexión lateral en el sistema rio-llanura de inundación Maluco fue reducida parcialmente por una carretera construida sobre una barrera natural. Objetivo: Determinar si las concentraciones de clorofila-a (Cla-a) y nutrientes contrastan en diferentes niveles de agua (NA) durante un ano hidrológico en el humedal fluvial. Métodos: El NA, Cla-a y nutrientes (NO2-, NO3-, NH4+ y PT) se midieron simultáneamente seis veces en dos estaciones durante dos años. Las diferencias esperadas de las concentraciones de Cla-a y nutrientes, relacionadas a la fluctuación intra-anual del NA, fueron analizadas por medio de técnicas multivariadas. La hipótesis sostiene que no se detectaran diferencias intra anuales de Cla-a y nutrientes debido a la reducción de la interconexión lateral por el efecto físico del terraplen. Resultados: Ninguna variable fue descartada con el ACP. La distribución intra-anual de las muestras resulto similar según la rutina de perfiles de similitud. Coincidentemente: 1) más del 54% de los valores de Cla-a y PT indicaron condiciones hipereutroficas durante todo el año y 2) ninguno de los valores de WL sobrepaso la altura del terraplen (4.5 msnm). Además, las concentraciones máximas de Cla-a se registraron en los WL mínimos. Conclusiones: La similitud intra-anual de la Cla-a y los nutrientes inorgánicos se puede vincular a que la llanura de inundación estuvo desconectada del rio Grijalva, ya que la inundación no sobrepaso la altura del terraplén durante todo el tiempo de muestreo. La tendencia intra-anual independiente al tiempo de la persistencia de las altas concentraciones de Cla-a y PT en el sistema rio llanura de inundación abre la oportunidad de estimar el caudal de entrada mínimo requerido para restaurar los procesos biogeoquímicos en un estudio a largo plazo.Background: The lateral connectivity in the Maluco river-floodplain system was partially reduced by the highway built on a natural barrier. Goal: To determine if the concentrations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and nutrients contrast in different water levels (WL) during a hydrologic year in the Maluco river-floodplain system. Methods: The WL, Chl-a, and nutrients (NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, and TP) were simultaneously measured six times in two sites during two years. The expected differences of Chl-a and nutrients concentrations, related to the intra-annual fluctuation of the WL, were tested through multivariate techniques. The hypothesis holds that there will be no intra-annual differences of Chl-a and nutrients due to the reduction of lateral interconnection by the physical effect of the embankment. Results: No variable was discarded during PCA. The intra-annual distribution of samples was similar according to the similarity profile routine. Furthermore: 1) more than 54% of the Chl-a and TP values indicated hypereutrophic conditions throughout the year, and 2) none of the values of WL surpassed the height of the bankfull (4.5 masl). The maximum concentrations of Chl-a were registered at the minimum WL values. Conclusions: The intra-annual similarity of Chl-a and inorganic nutrients can be linked to the disconnection between the floodplain and the Grijalva river since the bankfull was not overflowed throughout the sampling time. The intra-annual trend independent at the time of persistence of the high Chl-a and TP concentrations in the river-floodplain system opens up the opportunity to estimate the minimum input flow required to biogeochemical processes in a long-term study

Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis and Healing of Chronic Human Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) Species

The immune inflammatory response is a double edged sword. During infectious diseases, regulatory T cells can prevent eradication of the pathogen but can also limit inflammation and tissue damage. We investigated the role of regulatory T cells in chronic dermal leishmaniasis caused by species of the parasite Leishmania that are endemic in South and Central America. We found that although individuals with chronic lesions have increased regulatory T cells in their blood and at skin sites where immune responses to Leishmania were taking place compared to infected individuals who do not develop disease, their capacity to control the inflammatory response to Leishmania was inferior. However, healing of chronic lesions at the end of treatment was accompanied by an increase in the number and capacity of regulatory T cells to inhibit the function of effector T cells that mediate the inflammatory response. Different subsets of regulatory T cells, defined by the expression of molecular markers, were identified during chronic disease and healing, supporting the participation of distinct regulatory T cells in the development of disease and the control of inflammation during the healing response. Immunotherapeutic strategies may allow these regulatory T cell subsets to be mobilized or mitigated to achieve healing

Future research directions in pneumonia

Copyright © 2018 by the American Thoracic Society. Pneumonia is a complex pulmonary disease in need of new clinical approaches. Although triggered by a pathogen, pneumonia often results from dysregulations of host defense that likely precede infection. The coordinated activities of immune resistance and tissue resilience then dictate whether and how pneumonia progresses or resolves. Inadequate or inappropriate host responses lead to more severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and to organ dysfunction beyond the lungs and over extended time frames after pathogen clearance, some of which increase the risk for subsequent pneumonia. Improved understanding of such host responses will guide the development of novel approaches for preventing and curing pneumonia and for mitigating the subsequent pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of pneumonia. The NHLBI assembled a working group of extramural investigators to prioritize avenues of host-directed pneumonia research that should yield novel approaches for interrupting the cycle of unhealthy decline caused by pneumonia. This report summarizes the working group’s specific recommendations in the areas of pneumonia susceptibility, host response, and consequences. Overarching goals include the development of more host-focused clinical approaches for preventing and treating pneumonia, the generation of predictive tools (for pneumonia occurrence, severity, and outcome), and the elucidation of mechanisms mediating immune resistance and tissue resilience in the lung. Specific areas of research are highlighted as especially promising for making advances against pneumonia

Neotropical Freshwater Fishes: A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications.Fil: Tonella, Lívia Helena. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Engenharia Química. Laboratorio de Pesquisa.; BrasilFil: Ruaro, Renata. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Engenharia Química. Laboratorio de Pesquisa.; BrasilFil: Daga, Vanessa Salete. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Garcia, Diego Azevedo Zoccal. Universidade Estadual de Londrina; BrasilFil: Barroso Vitorino Júnior, Oscar. Instituto Natureza do Tocantins-Naturatins; BrasilFil: Lobato de Magalhães, Tatiana. Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro.; MéxicoFil: Reis, Roberto Esser. Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia; BrasilFil: Di Dario, Fabio. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Petry, Ana Cristina. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Mincarone, Michael Maia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Assis Montag, Luciano Fogaça. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Pompeu, Paulo Santos. Universidade Federal de Lavras; BrasilFil: Teixeira, Adonias Aphoena Martins. Universidade Estadual da Paraiba; BrasilFil: Carmassi, Alberto Luciano. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Sánchez, Alberto J.. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco; MéxicoFil: Giraldo Pérez, Alejandro. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Bono, Alessandra. Universidad de Vale do Rio dos Sinos; BrasilFil: Datovo, Aléssio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Flecker, Alexander S.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Sanches, Alexandra. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Godinho, Alexandre Lima. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Matthiensen, Alexandre. Embrapa Suínos e Aves; BrasilFil: Peressin, Alexandre. Universidade Federal de Lavras; BrasilFil: Silva Hilsdorf, Alexandre Wagner. Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes; BrasilFil: Barufatti, Alexéia. Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; BrasilFil: Hirschmann, Alice. Universidade Federal do Pampa; BrasilFil: Jung, Aline. Universidade Do Estado de Mato Grosso (unemat);Fil: Cruz Ramírez, Allan K.. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco; MéxicoFil: Braga Silva, Alline. Instituto Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Cunico, Almir Manoel. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Tagliaferro, Marina Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentin

Large Scale Searches for Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets

Searches of large scale surveys have resulted in the discovery of over 1000 brown dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood. In this chapter we review the progress in finding brown dwarfs in large datasets, highlighting the key science goals, and summarising the surveys that have contributed most significantly to the current sample.Comment: Accepted to appear in the Handbook of Exoplanets (Springer); Editors: Hans J. Deeg & Juan Antonio Belmont

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Search for top squark production in fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for production of the supersymmetric partners of the top quark, top squarks, is presented. The search is based on proton-proton collision events containing multiple jets, no leptons, and large transverse momentum imbalance. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). The targeted signal production scenarios are direct and gluino-mediated top squark production, including scenarios in which the top squark and neutralino masses are nearly degenerate. The search utilizes novel algorithms based on deep neural networks that identify hadronically decaying top quarks and W bosons, which are expected in many of the targeted signal models. No statistically significant excess of events is observed relative to the expectation from the standard model, and limits on the top squark production cross section are obtained in the context of simplified supersymmetric models for various production and decay modes. Exclusion limits as high as 1310 GeVare established at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the top squark for direct top squark production models, and as high as 2260 GeV on the mass of the gluino for gluino-mediated top squark production models. These results represent a significant improvement over the results of previous searches for supersymmetry by CMS in the same final state.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the W gamma Production Cross Section in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=13 TeV and Constraints on Effective Field Theory Coefficients

A fiducial cross section for W gamma production in proton-proton collisions is measured at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 137 fb(-1) of data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The W -> e nu and mu nu decay modes are used in a maximum-likelihood fit to the lepton-photon invariant mass distribution to extract the combined cross section. The measured cross section is compared with theoretical expectations at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. In addition, 95% confidence level intervals are reported for anomalous triple-gauge couplings within the framework of effective field theory.Peer reviewe