Effect of Thiamine, Riboflavin, Pantothenic Acid, and Niacin in Bovine Blood on the Economy of the Short-nosed Cattle Louse Haematopinus eurysternus (Nitzsch)

A livestock producer will usually experience a louse infestation among his cattle sometime during his career. Most of the cattle that become louse-infested are easily ridded of their lice. There may be, however, one animal in a herd which is particularly susceptible to the lice and becomes chronically infested. Sometimes the susceptible animal may become so heavily infested with lice that death occurs. Scharff (1962) stated that the death loss resulting from very heavy infestations of the short-nosed cattle louse, Hematopinus eurysternus (Nitzsch) was probably about one percent. The louse involve in the experiment was the short-nosed cattle louse, Hematopinus eurysternus (Nitzsch). This louse is a very important pest of beef cattle, appearing every fall and winter. According to Scharff (1962), this species is the most common louse infesting cattle in Montana during the winter months. Peterson et al. (1953) and Shemanchuk et al. (1960) demonstrated that infestations may become great enough to cause severe anemia and death to their victims. They draw so much blood that the animal’s body is unable to replace it by hemopiesis. The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the degree of louse infestation is related to the amount of riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, and pantothenic acid in the animal’s blood. Kemper (1953) stated that there may be some relationship between cattle louse infestation and the lack of some B-vitamins in the blood. Kartman (1949) observed that rats, deficient in thiamine, riboflavin and pantothenic acid, were more susceptible to pediculosis than rats not lacking the vitamins. Matthys (1946) suggested that the levels of vitamins A and D in the host apparently had no relationship to the infestation of cattle lice

Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio Predicted by a Unified 3-D Critical State Bounding Surface Plasticity Model

A unified 3-d critical state bounding surface plasticity model (gUTS) has been developed which is able to provide realistic simulations of the behavior of clays, silts and sands both in drained and undrained conditions over a wide range of monotonic and complex cyclic paths. A strong feature of this model is its ability to treat loose and dense states of the same material with a single set of material constants. The link between the two states is made by introducing an apparent normal consolidation line for sands and adopting a volumetric plastic strain hardening/softening model (similar to the critical state models for clays). This and other features enable the model to degenerate to simpler forms including the classic modified Cam-Clay formulation. To date, simulations have concentrated on the medium to high strain range (10-3 to 10-1). To address a wider strain range, this paper reports on a new series of simulations for sand in the range 10-6 to 10-

Reflections on a crisis: political disenchantment, moral desolation, and political integrity

Declining levels of political trust and voter turnout, the shift towards populist politics marked by appeals to ‘the people’ and a rejection of ‘politics-as-usual’, are just some of the commonly cited manifestations of our culture of political disaffection. Democratic politics, it is argued, is in crisis. Whilst considerable energy has been expended on the task of lamenting the status of our politics and pondering over recommendations to tackle this perceived crisis, amid this raft of complaints and solutions lurks confusion. This paper seeks to explore the neglected question of what the precise nature of the crisis with which we are confronted involves, and, in so doing, to go some way towards untangling our confusion. Taking my cue from Machiavelli and his value-pluralist heirs, I argue that there is a rift between a morally admirable and a virtuous political life. Failure to appreciate this possibility causes narrations of crisis to misconstrue the moral messiness of politics in ways that lead us to misunderstand how we should respond to disenchantment. Specifically, I suggest that: (i) we think that there is a moral crisis in politics because we have an unsatisfactorily idealistic understanding of political integrity in the first place; and (ii) it is a mistake to imagine that the moral purification of politics is possible or desirable. Put simply, our crisis is not moral per se but primarily philosophical in nature: it relates to the very concepts we employ—the qualities of character and context we presuppose whilst pondering over political integrity

Informing the development of Australia's national eating disorders research and translation strategy : a rapid review methodology

Background Eating disorders (EDs) are highly complex mental illnesses associated with significant medical complications. There are currently knowledge gaps in research relating to the epidemiology, aetiology, treatment, burden, and outcomes of eating disorders. To clearly identify and begin addressing the major deficits in the scientific, medical, and clinical understanding of these mental illnesses, the Australian Government Department of Health in 2019 funded the InsideOut Institute (IOI) to develop the Australian Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy, the primary aim of which was to identify priorities and targets for building research capacity and outputs. A series of rapid reviews (RR) were conducted to map the current state of knowledge, identify evidence gaps, and inform development of the national research strategy. Published peer-reviewed literature on DSM-5 listed EDs, across eight knowledge domains was reviewed: (1) population, prevalence, disease burden, Quality of Life in Western developed countries; (2) risk factors; (3) co-occurring conditions and medical complications; (4) screening and diagnosis; (5) prevention and early intervention; (6) psychotherapies and relapse prevention; (7) models of care; (8) pharmacotherapies, alternative and adjunctive therapies; and (9) outcomes (including mortality). While RRs are systematic in nature, they are distinct from systematic reviews in their aim to gather evidence in a timely manner to support decision-making on urgent or high-priority health concerns at the national level. Results Three medical science databases were searched as the primary source of literature for the RRs: Science Direct, PubMed and OVID (Medline). The search was completed on 31st May 2021 (spanning January 2009-May 2021). At writing, a total of 1,320 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Conclusions For each RR, the evidence has been organised to review the knowledge area and identify gaps for further research and investment. The series of RRs (published separately within the current series) are designed to support the development of research and translation practice in the field of EDs. They highlight areas for investment and investigation, and provide researchers, service planners and providers, and research funders rapid access to quality current evidence, which has been synthesised and organised to assist decision-making

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers multiple loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common lymphoid malignancy with strong heritability. To further understand the genetic susceptibility for CLL and identify common loci associated with risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of four genome-wide association studies (GWAS) composed of 3,100 cases and 7,667 controls with follow-up replication in 1,958 cases and 5,530 controls. Here we report three new loci at 3p24.1 (rs9880772, EOMES, P=2.55 × 10(-11)), 6p25.2 (rs73718779, SERPINB6, P=1.97 × 10(-8)) and 3q28 (rs9815073, LPP, P=3.62 × 10(-8)), as well as a new independent SNP at the known 2q13 locus (rs9308731, BCL2L11, P=1.00 × 10(-11)) in the combined analysis. We find suggestive evidence (P<5 × 10(-7)) for two additional new loci at 4q24 (rs10028805, BANK1, P=7.19 × 10(-8)) and 3p22.2 (rs1274963, CSRNP1, P=2.12 × 10(-7)). Pathway analyses of new and known CLL loci consistently show a strong role for apoptosis, providing further evidence for the importance of this biological pathway in CLL susceptibility