TRATAMENTO EM MASSA COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE CONTROLE DE PARASITAS INTESTINAIS NÃO REDUZ A PREVALÊNCIA DE INFECÇÕES EM ESCOLARES INDÍGENAS GUARANIS NO BRASIL

The high frequency of intestinal parasites is favored by environmental and socio-cultural conditions of indigenous populations, and is still a neglected public health problem. Mass administration of broad-spectrum drugs aims to reduce the prevalence and intensity of the infections. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in school-children in an indigenous Guarani village was evaluated before and after the mass treatment of the population with albendazole. In the first phase of collection of stool samples, 81.4% of them were positive for enteroparasites and in the second phase, after two doses of antiparasitic medication, 87.5% were positive. Although the prevalence of infections by some helminths has reduced after treatment, many parasites remained frequent in the studied population, showing a change in the epidemiological profile in the distribution of these diseases in the population. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in indigenous schoolchildren proved to be high even after mass treatment with albendazole.A alta frequência de parasitoses intestinais é favorecida por condições ambientais e socioculturais das populações indígenas, sendo ainda um problema de saúde pública negligenciado. A administração em massa de medicamentos de amplo espectro busca reduzir o número e a intensidade das infecções. Avaliou-se a prevalência de parasitoses intestinais em escolares de uma aldeia indígena Guarani, antes e após o tratamento em massa da população com o albendazol. Na primeira fase de coleta das amostras de fezes, 81,4% delas apresentaram-se positivas para enteroparasitos e na segunda fase, após duas doses de antiparasitário, 87,5% apresentaram-se positivas. Embora a prevalência de infecções por alguns helmintos tenha reduzido após o tratamento, muitos parasitos continuaram frequentes na população estudada, mostrando uma mudança no perfil epidemiológico na distribuição dessas doenças na população. A prevalência de enteroparasitoses nos escolares indígenas mostrou-se elevada mesmo após o tratamento em massa com albendazol

Development and implantation of PCR-SSP for the genotyping of JAK2 V617F mutation / Desenvolvimento e implantação de metodologia molecular baseada em PCR-SSP para genotipagem da mutação V617F de JAK2

The JAK2 protein promotes cells growth and proliferation, and mutations in the JAK2 gene can result in increase of the number of blood cells and in development of myeloproliferative neoplasms. This study aimed to develop and implement the PCR-SSP (Sequence-Specific Primer - Polymerase Chain Reaction) to detect the JAK2V617F mutation. Therefore, a literature review about genotyping methodologies for this mutation was conducted and primers were based on the model proposed by Xavier (2009), tested and adjusted to the best amplification condition. The PCR-SSP technique was standardized and was effective for the detection of the JAK2V617F mutation. As it is not expensive, the technique reduces costs and can be implanted even in small molecular biology laboratories, helping the diagnosis of patients with myeloproliferative diseases and favoring research related to this gene

Impact of SNPs/haplotypes of IL10 and IFNG on the development of diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on cytokine genes in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). One hundred and twelve patients and 221 controls were investigated. Among them, 97 patients treated with R-CHOP were subdivided into two groups: (i) complete remission of the disease and (ii) patients who progressed to death, relapsed, or had disease progression. The SNPs investigated by PCR-SSP were TNF -308G>A (rs1800629), IFNG +874A>T (rs2430561), IL6 -174G>C (rs1800795), IL10 -1082A>G (rs1800896), IL10 -819C>T (rs1800871), IL10 -592C>A (rs1800872), and TGFB1 codon10T>C (rs1982073) and codon25G>C (rs1800471). In general, the genotypes that have been associated in the literature with lower production or intermediate production of IL-10 and higher production of IFN-gamma were associated with the protection of the development of the disease, possibly favoring the Th1 immune response and diminishing the capacity of cell proliferation. However, patients receiving R-CHOP treatment presented unfavorable prognoses in the presence of genotypes related to the intermediate production of IL-10 and high production of TGF-beta 1, indicating that cytokines may be related to the response to treatment and action mechanisms of Rituximab2019CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão temnão temnão te

Descriptive molecular epidemiology study of Giardia duodenalis in children of Parana State, Brazil

Background and aims: We investigated the children of Parana State, Brazil the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and the associated factors involved in the transmission of intestinal parasites, and we genotyped the Giardia duodenalis isolates obtained. Methods: Fecal samples were analyzed by established microscopic methods. G. duodenalis positive samples were subjected to genotypic characterization by PCR amplification of sequences of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) and by enzymatic digestion with the restriction enzyme NlaIV for classification of genotypes. Results: Of the 877 samples tested, 41% were positive for some intestinal parasitosis, the most common being the presence of protozoa (87.8%). Lack of basic sanitation and poor health education were associated for the intestinal parasite cases found, and the only associated factor for giardiasis was low family income. The G. duodenalis assemblages of gdh amplified samples were 68.6% B and 31.4% AII. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the importance of epidemiological studies for the development of effective strategies with the aim of decreasing the incidence of intestinal parasites in children. Moreover, these results contribute to our knowledge of G. duodenalis assemblages circulating in the world and also offer support for future work on the molecular and clinical aspects of giardiasis

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Methods for blood group antigens detection: cost-effectiveness analysis of phenotyping and genotyping

Background: Alloimmunization is a major problem in transfusion practice due to the clinical complications of the patients and the difficulty of choosing a unit of compatible blood product. Serological methods are widely used in blood banks, but they not always determine the phenotype. Thus, genotyping is an important complement to the serology tool as it allows one to predict the phenotype from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with high accuracy. Objective: To compare the centrifugation gel, microarray, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphismone PCR (PCR-RFLP) and Sequence-Specific Primer PCR (PCR-SSP) techniques, in terms of cost, reaction time and reliability of the results. Methods: The RHCE, Kidd, Kell and Duffy blood group systems were chosen to determine the approximate cost of each technique, considering the reagents used in both methods and considering only one sample. The time required for the development of each reaction was obtained at the Maringa Regional Blood Center and Immunogenetics Laboratory at the State University of Maringa. Data from Microarray reactions were obtained at the Campinas Blood Center. The results of phenotyping and genotyping of the 16 samples were compiled in a spreadsheet and compared. Results: The PCR-SSP was more economical compared to other methods, and the serological method was faster than the molecular methods. However, all methods proved to be effective and safe in the detection of erythrocyte antigens. Conclusion: Analyzing the advantages and limitations of the molecular and serological methods tested in this study, we note that both are important and complementary. However, the choice of a methodology depends on the reality and needs of each health service. Keywords: Cost analysis, Molecular biology, Serology, Blood group antigen

Identical assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and vegetables in an urban area in southern Brazil indicates a relationship among them.

BackgroundGiardia duodenalis infects humans and other mammals by ingestion of cysts in contaminated water or food, or directly in environments with poor hygiene. Eight assemblages, designated A-H, are described for this species.Methodology/principal findingsWe investigated by microscopy or by direct immunofluorescence technique the occurrence of G. duodenalis in 380 humans, 34 animals, 44 samples of water and 11 of vegetables. G. duodenalis cysts present in samples were genotyped through PCR-RFLP of β giardin and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes and sequencing of gdh. The gdh gene was amplified in 76.5% (26/34) of the human faeces samples with positive microscopy and in 2.9% (1/34) of negative samples. In 70.4% (19/27) of the positive samples were found BIV assemblage. In two samples from dogs with positive microscopy and one negative sample, assemblages BIV, C, and D were found. Cysts of Giardia were not detected in water samples, but three samples used for vegetable irrigation showed total coliforms above the allowed limit, and Escherichia coli was observed in one sample. G. duodenalis BIV was detected in two samples of Lactuca sativa irrigated with this sample of water. BIV was a common genotype, with 100% similarity, between different sources or hosts (humans, animals and vegetables), and the one most often found in humans.Conclusions/significanceThis is the first study in Brazil that reports the connection among humans, dogs and vegetables in the transmission dynamics of G. duodenalis in the same geographic area finding identical assemblage. BIV assemblage was the most frequently observed among these different links in the epidemiological chain