An outflow in the Seyfert ESO 362-G18 revealed by Gemini-GMOS/IFU Observations

We present two-dimensional stellar and gaseous kinematics of the inner 0.7 $\times$ 1.2 kpc$^{2}$ of the Seyfert galaxy ESO 362-G18, derived from optical spectra obtained with the GMOS/IFU on the Gemini South telescope at a spatial resolution of $\approx$170 pc and spectral resolution of 36 km s$^{-1}$. ESO 362-G18 is a strongly perturbed galaxy of morphological type Sa or S0/a, with a minor merger approaching along the NE direction. Previous studies have shown that the [OIII] emission shows a fan-shaped extension of $\approx$ 10\arcsec\ to the SE. We detect the [OIII] doublet, [NII] and H${\alpha}$ emission lines throughout our field of view. The stellar kinematics is dominated by circular motions in the galaxy plane, with a kinematic position angle of $\approx$137$^{\circ}$. The gas kinematics is also dominated by rotation, with kinematic position angles ranging from 122$^{\circ}$ to 139$^{\circ}$. A double-Gaussian fit to the [OIII]$\lambda$5007 and H${\alpha}$ lines, which have the highest signal to noise ratios of the emission lines, reveal two kinematic components: (1) a component at lower radial velocities which we interpret as gas rotating in the galactic disk; and (2) a component with line of sight velocities 100-250 km s$^{-1}$ higher than the systemic velocity, interpreted as originating in the outflowing gas within the AGN ionization cone. We estimate a mass outflow rate of 7.4 $\times$ 10$^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ in the SE ionization cone (this rate doubles if we assume a biconical configuration), and a mass accretion rate on the supermassive black hole (SMBH) of 2.2 $\times$ 10$^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. The total ionized gas mass within $\sim$84 pc of the nucleus is 3.3 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ M$_{\odot}$; infall velocities of $\sim$34 km s$^{-1}$ in this gas would be required to feed both the outflow and SMBH accretion.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figure

The physics and astrophysics of X-ray outflows from Active Galactic Nuclei

The highly energetic outflows from Active Galactic Nuclei detected in X-rays are one of the most powerful mechanisms by which the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) interacts with the host galaxy. The last two decades of high resolution X-ray spectroscopy with XMM and Chandra have improved our understanding of the nature of these outflowing ionized absorbers and we are now poised to take the next giant leap with higher spectral resolution and higher throughput observatories to understand the physics and impact of these outflows on the host galaxy gas. The future studies on X-ray outflows not only have the potential to unravel some of the currently outstanding puzzles in astronomy, such as the physical basis behind the MBH$-\sigma$ relation, the cooling flow problem in intra-cluster medium (ICM), and the evolution of the quasar luminosity function across cosmic timescales, but also provide rare insights into the dynamics and nature of matter in the immediate vicinity of the SMBH. Higher spectral resolution ($\le 0.5$ eV at $1$ keV) observations will be required to identify individual absorption lines and study the asymmetries and shifts in the line profiles revealing important information about outflow structures and their impact. Higher effective area ($\ge 1000 \rm \,cm^{2}$) will be required to study the outflows in distant quasars, particularly at the quasar peak era (redshift $1\le z\le 3$) when the AGN population was the brightest. Thus, it is imperative that we develop next generation X-ray telescopes with high spectral resolution and high throughput for unveiling the properties and impact of highly energetic X-ray outflows. A simultaneous high resolution UV + X-ray mission will encompass the crucial AGN ionizing continuum, and also characterize the simultaneous detections of UV and X-ray outflows, which map different spatial scales along the line of sight.Comment: A Science White Paper submitted to the Astro2020 Decadal Surve

Mainstreaming domestic and gender-based violence into sociology and the criminology of violence

Sociological and criminological views of domestic and gender-based violencegenerally either dismiss it as not worthy of consideration, or focus on specificgroups of offenders and victims (male youth gangs, partner violence victims). Inthis paper, we take a holistic approach to violence, extending the definition fromthat commonly in use to encompass domestic violence and sexual violence. Weoperationalize that definition by using data from the latest sweep of the CrimeSurvey for England and Wales. By so doing, we identify that violence is currentlyunder-measured and ubiquitous; that it is gendered, and that other forms of violence (family violence, acquaintance violence against women) are equally ofconcern. We argue that violence studies are an important form of activity forsociologists

Skin-to-skin contact after birth : Developing a research and practice guideline

Funding Information: Funding for the two in‐person meetings (one of the Steering Group and one of the Expert Panel) was provided through a grant from Healthy Children Project, Inc., a not‐for‐profit (501c3) non‐governmental organisation (NGO) located in the United States. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica. © 2023 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.Aim: Skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth is recognised as an evidence-based best practice and an acknowledged contributor to improved short- and long-term health outcomes including decreased infant mortality. However, the implementation and definition of skin-to-skin contact is inconsistent in both practice and research studies. This project utilised the World Health Organization guideline process to clarify best practice and improve the consistency of application. Methods: The rigorous guideline development process combines a systematic review with acumen and judgement of experts with a wide range of credentials and experience. Results: The developed guideline received a strong recommendation from the Expert Panel. The result concluded that there was a high level of confidence in the evidence and that the practice is not resource intensive. Research gaps were identified and areas for continued work were delineated. Conclusion: The World Health Organization guideline development process reached the conclusion immediate, continuous, uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact should be the standard of care for all mothers and all babies (from 1000 g with experienced staff if assistance is needed), after all modes of birth. Delaying non-essential routine care in favour of uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact after birth has been shown to be safe and allows for the progression of newborns through their instinctive behaviours.Peer reviewe

An outflow in the Seyfert ESO 362-G18 revealed by Gemini-GMOS/IFU observations

Contains fulltext : 193083.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Testing the Sersic bulge: black hole mass relation in Seyfert galaxies

Using a sample of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), we investigated the relationship between host galaxy and black hole mass using the Sérsic index. We performed two-dimensional (2-D) decompositions of high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope images of (AGN) using GALFIT 3 beta. Taking independent mass estimates for a subsample of the selected galaxies, we test both linear and quadratic regressions in order to find an optimal relation for estimating black hole mass in other galaxies. Our results show that there was little difference between the linear and higher order fits. We examine the effects of these analysis techniques on the black hole mass to luminosity relationship. Application of the data was also looked at concerning properties of pseudo- and classical bulges. (Published By University of Alabama Libraries

Longitudinal Assessment of Cognitive Decline: Distinguishing Features and Trends in Cognitive Challenge Test among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Amyloid PET Status

The Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales of Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L) is a sensitive measure of early cognitive impairment. It is unclear how performance over time on this cognitive challenge test (CCT) differentiates older adults who are cognitively unimpaired (CU) and amyloid PET negative (A-), from those with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) who are either A- or amyloid PET positive (A+) over long periods of time. 94 participants with a minimum of three LASSI-L assessments administered annually (baseline visit, and 2 annual follow-ups) were evaluated. 63 participants were diagnosed with aMCI (27 A+ and 36 A-) at baseline. All 31 CU participants were PET A- during the initial evaluation. The average length of the last follow-up period was 39.05 (SD=12.1) months with a maximum span of 71.4 months after the initial visit. Results showed a main group effect, but a lack of a time effect. Cued B1 and Cued B2 semantic intrusions (related to difficulties with self-monitoring and inhibitory control) and failure to recover from proactive semantic interference (frPSI; Cued B2 recall), were significantly impaired in aMCI A+ when compared to both aMCI A- counterparts and CU A- controls. In addition, a significant Group X Time Interaction for Cued A2 recall (maximum learning) showed higher scores for CU participants while the aMCI A+ evidenced decreased scores across subsequent follow-up visits. Semantic intrusion errors appear to be a distinguishing feature of aMCI A+ participants after adjustment for global mental status and demographic factors up to an average of 39 months after initial evaluation. Moreover, initial learning showed a modest and inconsistent increase among cognitively unimpaired participants but a decrease in aMCI A+ scores over time

The physics and astrophysics of X-ray outflows from Active Galactic Nuclei

AGN outflows are integral for understanding how the central super massive black hole interacts with the host galaxy and co-evolves in cosmic time. This white paper sets the primary science goals for the next decade and suggests the key parameters on which the next generation X-ray telescopes should be built to revolutionize our understanding