59 research outputs found
Linguistique et colonialisme : la place des études sur le XVIe siÚcle européen
NumĂ©ro thĂ©matique : " Linguistiques et colonialismes ", dir. CĂ©cile Van den Avenne.Cet article vise Ă interroger les rapports linguistiques de domination propres Ă la Renaissance europĂ©enne en liant les deux dynamiques qui semblent dĂ©terminer la pensĂ©e linguistique de l'Ă©poque : les " dĂ©couvertes " gĂ©ographiques, qui augmentent considĂ©rablement le nombre de langues connues, et l'affirmation en Europe du vulgaire face au latin, qui permet l'Ă©mergence de nouvelles langues ainsi dĂ©crites et mises en valeur. Au-delĂ d'une rĂ©Ă©valuation de l'histoire europĂ©ocentrĂ©e du savoir linguistique, les textes du XVIe siĂšcle prĂ©sentent des caractĂ©ristiques particuliĂšres dans les processus d'enregistrement de la diversitĂ© linguistique et dans les modes de dĂ©fense, ou au contraire de mise Ă l'Ă©cart, des vulgaires, caractĂ©ristiques qui obligent Ă questionner aussi la notion mĂȘme de " littĂ©rature ". La prise en considĂ©ration des rapports linguistiques de domination au dĂ©but de l'Ă©poque moderne semble rendre nĂ©cessaire une redĂ©finition du geste littĂ©raire, de ce qu'est " Ă©crire " dans " une langue ". Document tĂ©lĂ©chargeable Ă l'adresse suivante : http://www.univ-rouen.fr/dyalang/glottopol/telecharger/numero_20/gpl20_02couffignal_jourde.pd
Yves Rouquette et les vidas des troubadours : le disque au service de la langue et de la littérature occitanes
Introduction En 1976, sort chez Harmonia Mundi un coffret de 4 disques 33 tours de musique mĂ©diĂ©vale, sous la direction de RenĂ© Clemencic (Clemencic Consort 1976). La premiĂšre partie, qui sera rĂ©Ă©ditĂ©e Ă part dĂšs 1977, est entiĂšrement consacrĂ©e aux troubadours occitans. Yves Rouquette participe Ă cette entreprise musicale en tant que rĂ©citant et propose, dans sa propre adaptation, une lecture des vidas et razos. Bien identifiĂ©s par lâhistoire littĂ©raire, ces objets sont de courts rĂ©cits anecd..
"Est-ce pas ainsi que je parle ?" : la langue Ă l'Ćuvre chez Pey de Garros et Montaigne
When he published Psaumes viratz (1565) then Poesias gasconas (1567), Pey de Garros (ca.1525-ca.1583) invented the notion of a specifically âGasconâ literature. A few years later, in his Essays (1580-1595), Montaigne (1553-1592) took up the issue of the âGascon languageâ in his general reflexion on language and languages. These two authors have hitherto been viewed as part of two different fields: the history of Occitan literature and the history of French literature. The notion of a âGascon languageâ helps bridge the gap between these two fields. In spite of the linguistic difference between writing in Occitan and writing in French, a specifically âGasconâ linguistic imaginary emerges out of the texts, and gives literary discourse its full meaning. In order to give flesh to this linguistic imaginary, a study in historical semantics is necessary, so as to understand what a âlanguageâ and its literary uses might have meant in the second half of the 16th century. As the various meanings which the âGascon languageâ has got for these two authors are examined, the whole network of representations, figures and echos which haunt the texts is uncovered. Although they seemed to have very little in common, the works of Garros and Montaigne are actually linked by a shared linguistic imaginary, consisting in both outspoken claims and deep reflections on means of expression. At the same time, the analysis of the linguistic imaginaries illuminates the relation established by the text with the readers. The power of the linguistic imaginary to elicit a response depends on how it fits in with the readersâ own linguistic imaginaries. This is why a peripheral viewpoint, drawing attention to the issue of the âGascon languageâ, makes it possible to read Psaumes viratz, Poesias gasconas and the Essays together.En publiant ses Psaumes viratz (1565) et ses Poesias gasconas (1567), Pey de Garros (ca.1525-ca.1583) se fait lâinventeur dâune littĂ©rature « gasconne ». Quelques annĂ©es plus tard, dans ses Essais (1580-1595), Montaigne (1553-1592) intĂšgre la question du « gascon » Ă sa rĂ©flexion gĂ©nĂ©rale sur les langues et le langage. Ces deux auteurs, jusquâĂ prĂ©sent, ont Ă©tĂ© perçus dans deux cadres distincts, lâhistoire de la littĂ©rature occitane et celle de la littĂ©rature française. La notion de « gascon » permet de dĂ©cloisonner ces deux domaines. Par-delĂ la diffĂ©rence linguistique, qui oppose une Ă©criture en occitan Ă une Ă©criture en français, se dessine un imaginaire linguistique « gascon », qui Ă©merge des textes et participe pleinement au sens que prend le discours littĂ©raire. Pour pouvoir dĂ©crire cet imaginaire linguistique, une enquĂȘte est nĂ©cessaire, relevant de la sĂ©mantique historique, afin de comprendre ce que peut signifier, dans la seconde moitiĂ© du xvie siĂšcle, une « langue » et son emploi littĂ©raire. En dĂ©couvrant les diffĂ©rents sens que prend le « gascon » pour ces deux auteurs, câest tout un rĂ©seau de reprĂ©sentations, de figures et dâĂ©chos obsĂ©dants qui se dĂ©voile. Alors que tout semblait les sĂ©parer, un imaginaire linguistique similaire relie les Ćuvres de Garros et de Montaigne, fait de prises de parole assumĂ©es et dâinterrogations profondes sur les moyens de sâexprimer. ParallĂšlement, cette analyse en termes dâimaginaire linguistique Ă©claire la relation que crĂ©e lâĆuvre avec son lecteur. Le pouvoir dâĂ©vocation de lâimaginaire linguistique de lâĆuvre dĂ©pend de sa rencontre avec lâimaginaire linguistique propre au lecteur. Câest ainsi quâun point de vue pĂ©riphĂ©rique, par son attention Ă la question du « gascon », permet, dans un mĂȘme geste, de lire les Psaumes viratz, les Poesias gasconas et les Essais
Introduction
Quand aurai tot perdutmon lassitge ma lenga e lo gost de lucharme virarai encara un cĂČp cap a vosautresĂČmes mieus⊠Aux yeux de tous, lâentrĂ©e dâYves Rouquette en littĂ©rature commence par ces quelques vers de lâEscriveire public publiĂ©s en 1958. Ils annoncent un coup dâĂ©clat dans le monde de lâĂ©criture poĂ©tique en langue occitane. Quelques annĂ©es plus tard, le poĂšte aux multiples engagements a confirmĂ© son dĂ©sir dâune nouvelle expression avec la direction dâun ouvrage collectif La nouvelle cha..
Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs
Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
Arnaud de Salette, Psalmes de Dauid metuts en rima bernesa, Ă©d. par Robert Darrigrand, 2010 (compte rendu)
International audienc
âEst-ce pas ainsi que je parle?â : about Pey de Garros and Montaigneâs linguistic imaginary
En publiant ses Psaumes viratz (1565) et ses Poesias gasconas (1567), Pey de Garros (ca.1525-ca.1583) se fait lâinventeur dâune littĂ©rature « gasconne ». Quelques annĂ©es plus tard, dans ses Essais (1580-1595), Montaigne (1553-1592) intĂšgre la question du « gascon » Ă sa rĂ©flexion gĂ©nĂ©rale sur les langues et le langage. Ces deux auteurs, jusquâĂ prĂ©sent, ont Ă©tĂ© perçus dans deux cadres distincts, lâhistoire de la littĂ©rature occitane et celle de la littĂ©rature française. La notion de « gascon » permet de dĂ©cloisonner ces deux domaines. Par-delĂ la diffĂ©rence linguistique, qui oppose une Ă©criture en occitan Ă une Ă©criture en français, se dessine un imaginaire linguistique « gascon », qui Ă©merge des textes et participe pleinement au sens que prend le discours littĂ©raire. Pour pouvoir dĂ©crire cet imaginaire linguistique, une enquĂȘte est nĂ©cessaire, relevant de la sĂ©mantique historique, afin de comprendre ce que peut signifier, dans la seconde moitiĂ© du xvie siĂšcle, une « langue » et son emploi littĂ©raire. En dĂ©couvrant les diffĂ©rents sens que prend le « gascon » pour ces deux auteurs, câest tout un rĂ©seau de reprĂ©sentations, de figures et dâĂ©chos obsĂ©dants qui se dĂ©voile. Alors que tout semblait les sĂ©parer, un imaginaire linguistique similaire relie les Ćuvres de Garros et de Montaigne, fait de prises de parole assumĂ©es et dâinterrogations profondes sur les moyens de sâexprimer. ParallĂšlement, cette analyse en termes dâimaginaire linguistique Ă©claire la relation que crĂ©e lâĆuvre avec son lecteur. Le pouvoir dâĂ©vocation de lâimaginaire linguistique de lâĆuvre dĂ©pend de sa rencontre avec lâimaginaire linguistique propre au lecteur. Câest ainsi quâun point de vue pĂ©riphĂ©rique, par son attention Ă la question du « gascon », permet, dans un mĂȘme geste, de lire les Psaumes viratz, les Poesias gasconas et les Essais.When he published Psaumes viratz (1565) then Poesias gasconas (1567), Pey de Garros (ca.1525-ca.1583) invented the notion of a specifically âGasconâ literature. A few years later, in his Essays (1580-1595), Montaigne (1553-1592) took up the issue of the âGascon languageâ in his general reflexion on language and languages. These two authors have hitherto been viewed as part of two different fields: the history of Occitan literature and the history of French literature. The notion of a âGascon languageâ helps bridge the gap between these two fields. In spite of the linguistic difference between writing in Occitan and writing in French, a specifically âGasconâ linguistic imaginary emerges out of the texts, and gives literary discourse its full meaning. In order to give flesh to this linguistic imaginary, a study in historical semantics is necessary, so as to understand what a âlanguageâ and its literary uses might have meant in the second half of the 16th century. As the various meanings which the âGascon languageâ has got for these two authors are examined, the whole network of representations, figures and echos which haunt the texts is uncovered. Although they seemed to have very little in common, the works of Garros and Montaigne are actually linked by a shared linguistic imaginary, consisting in both outspoken claims and deep reflections on means of expression. At the same time, the analysis of the linguistic imaginaries illuminates the relation established by the text with the readers. The power of the linguistic imaginary to elicit a response depends on how it fits in with the readersâ own linguistic imaginaries. This is why a peripheral viewpoint, drawing attention to the issue of the âGascon languageâ, makes it possible to read Psaumes viratz, Poesias gasconas and the Essays together
Note autour de quelques Ă©tudes et Ă©ditions de textes d'expression occitane
International audienc
Autour de lâimaginaire linguistique « gascon »
Couffignal Gilles Guilhem. Autour de lâimaginaire linguistique « gascon ». In: Cahiers du GADGES n°15, 2018. Lâimaginaire des langues. ReprĂ©sentations de lâaltĂ©ritĂ© linguistique et stylistique (XVIe-XVIIIe siĂšcle) pp. 133-144
- âŠ