A high-gradient test of a 30 GHz copper accelerating structure

The CLIC study is investigating a number of different materials at different frequencies in order to find ways to increase achievable accelerating gradient and to understand what are the important parameters for high-gradient operation. So far a series of rf tests have been made with a set of identical-geometry 30 GHz and X-band structures in copper, tungsten and molybdenum. A new test of a 30 GHz copper accelerating structure has been completed in CTF3 with pulse lengths up to 70 ns. The new results are presented and compared to the previous structures to determine dependencies of quantities such accelerating gradient, material, frequency, pulse length, conditioning rate, breakdown rate and surface damage

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead.

Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety 'Mode of Action' framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology

A construção e o caminhar do grupo união agroecológica de inconfidentes: agroecologia como/é resistência/autonomia estudantil

O relato apresentado aborda sobre a construção de um grupo de agroecologia em uma instituição federal de ensino. O grupo foi idealizado por discentes e vem sendo construído pela autonomia e resistência estudantil, autogestionado de maneira horizontal. São inúmeras as atividades desenvolvidas, em parcerias com diversos movimentos sociais, sindicais, estudantis e culturais. A postura tomada pelos discentes do grupo, que deveria ser vista como positiva pelos demais envolvidos e apoiada pela instituição, ocorre de maneira contrária. São poucos os docentes e servidores que apóiam a iniciativa e por parte da instituição não existe apoio algum para a autonomia estudantil, ainda mais quando se diz respeito a uma construção coletiva. O perfil e objetivo do grupo são: jovens que estão buscando conhecimento, através de estudos, pesquisas, extensão e debates nas diversas áreas temáticas da agroecologia que perpetuam questões ambientais e sociais.Eje: B6 Desarrollo rural, movimientos sociales, Estado y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

A construção e o caminhar do grupo união agroecológica de inconfidentes: agroecologia como/é resistência/autonomia estudantil

O relato apresentado aborda sobre a construção de um grupo de agroecologia em uma instituição federal de ensino. O grupo foi idealizado por discentes e vem sendo construído pela autonomia e resistência estudantil, autogestionado de maneira horizontal. São inúmeras as atividades desenvolvidas, em parcerias com diversos movimentos sociais, sindicais, estudantis e culturais. A postura tomada pelos discentes do grupo, que deveria ser vista como positiva pelos demais envolvidos e apoiada pela instituição, ocorre de maneira contrária. São poucos os docentes e servidores que apóiam a iniciativa e por parte da instituição não existe apoio algum para a autonomia estudantil, ainda mais quando se diz respeito a uma construção coletiva. O perfil e objetivo do grupo são: jovens que estão buscando conhecimento, através de estudos, pesquisas, extensão e debates nas diversas áreas temáticas da agroecologia que perpetuam questões ambientais e sociais.Eje: B6 Desarrollo rural, movimientos sociales, Estado y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

A construção e o caminhar do grupo união agroecológica de inconfidentes: agroecologia como/é resistência/autonomia estudantil

O relato apresentado aborda sobre a construção de um grupo de agroecologia em uma instituição federal de ensino. O grupo foi idealizado por discentes e vem sendo construído pela autonomia e resistência estudantil, autogestionado de maneira horizontal. São inúmeras as atividades desenvolvidas, em parcerias com diversos movimentos sociais, sindicais, estudantis e culturais. A postura tomada pelos discentes do grupo, que deveria ser vista como positiva pelos demais envolvidos e apoiada pela instituição, ocorre de maneira contrária. São poucos os docentes e servidores que apóiam a iniciativa e por parte da instituição não existe apoio algum para a autonomia estudantil, ainda mais quando se diz respeito a uma construção coletiva. O perfil e objetivo do grupo são: jovens que estão buscando conhecimento, através de estudos, pesquisas, extensão e debates nas diversas áreas temáticas da agroecologia que perpetuam questões ambientais e sociais.Eje: B6 Desarrollo rural, movimientos sociales, Estado y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

New approach methodologies to enhance human health risk assessment of immunotoxic properties of chemicals: a PARC (Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals) project

As a complex system governing and interconnecting numerous functions within the human body, the immune system is unsurprisingly susceptible to the impact of toxic chemicals. Toxicants can influence the immune system through a multitude of mechanisms, resulting in immunosuppression, hypersensitivity, increased risk of autoimmune diseases and cancer development. At present, the regulatory assessment of the immunotoxicity of chemicals relies heavily on rodent models and a limited number of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines, which only capture a fraction of potential toxic properties. Due to this limitation, various authorities, including the World Health Organization and the European Food Safety Authority have highlighted the need for the development of novel approaches without the use of animals for immunotoxicity testing of chemicals. In this paper, we present a concise overview of ongoing efforts dedicated to developing and standardizing methodologies for a comprehensive characterization of the immunotoxic effects of chemicals, which are performed under the EU-funded Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC)

New approach methodologies to enhance human health risk assessment of immunotoxic properties of chemicals — a PARC (Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals) project

As a complex system governing and interconnecting numerous functions within the human body, the immune system is unsurprisingly susceptible to the impact of toxic chemicals. Toxicants can influence the immune system through a multitude of mechanisms, resulting in immunosuppression, hypersensitivity, increased risk of autoimmune diseases and cancer development. At present, the regulatory assessment of the immunotoxicity of chemicals relies heavily on rodent models and a limited number of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines, which only capture a fraction of potential toxic properties. Due to this limitation, various authorities, including the World Health Organization and the European Food Safety Authority have highlighted the need for the development of novel approaches without the use of animals for immunotoxicity testing of chemicals. In this paper, we present a concise overview of ongoing efforts dedicated to developing and standardizing methodologies for a comprehensive characterization of the immunotoxic effects of chemicals, which are performed under the EU-funded Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC)

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead

Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety ‘Mode of Action’ framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead

Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/ mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety ‘Mode of Action’ framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology