Study on macro and microplastics debris in Indonesian water: Current condition and problem

2020東京農業大

DAMPAK LIMBAH DOMESTIK PERUMAHAN SKALA KECIL TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR EKOSISTEM PENERIMANYA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Increasing number of houses will increase in domestic waste. The high level of domestic pollution not only an impact on the waters, but also can affect the health quality of people that live along the banks of the river. The aims of this study are to determine the quality of domestic wastewater in arranged housing and the impact on river water quality. The research was conducted in August 2008 on a small scale housing Puri Nirwana Estate, Cibinong. We found domestic waste water from household activity in Puri Nirwana Estate were affecting recipient ecosystem (river). This river was polluted with indication the high value of COD, total coliform and content of detergent in the water, would endanger the health of local people who live in unplanned housing. Key words : Domestic waste water, Pollution, River, Puri Nirwana Estate, public healt

Modeling of Plastic Debris Particle Trajectory During Pre and Post Reclamation in Jakarta Bay

The primary source of environmental problems in Jakarta Bay’s waters is the change in hydrodynamics caused by reclamation and land-derived waste from the 13 watersheds that discharge into the bay. In June and December 2006 and 2015, hydrodynamic and trajectory simulations were conducted in Jakarta Bay to determine the distribution of plastic debris in pre- and post-reclamation conditions. The hydrodynamic conditions and particle trajectory in Jakarta Bay were described numerically using the Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM). Secondary tidal data and primary ADCP data are used to validate the simulation results. The distribution of plastic debris released during the simulation depicts a distribution that follows the monsoon pattern, moving west during the east monsoon and moving east in the west monsoon and spreading along the coastline in both conditions. The percentage of plastic debris increased by 21.42% in June and 4.07% in December. The increase in the percentage of plastic debris that remains in the waters of Jakarta Bay is due to a 0.03 - 0.05 m/s decrease in current velocity following the formation of the reclamation island. Due to the decrease in current velocity within the bay, trajectory simulations indicate that plastic debris will take an additional 69.52 – 304.25 hours to exit. The accumulation of plastic debris around the reclamation islands demonstrates that the islands act as waste traps, necessitating proper waste cleanup, particularly in the canal area and around the reclamation island

Bioaccumulation of Cadmium and Lead in Prickly Pen Shell in Seribu Archipelago

Jakarta Bay waters contaminated with heavy metals, so that the waters of the Thousand Islands are also potentially contaminated with heavy metals. The purpose of this study were to determine the condition of the water quality on the Panggang Island and Karya Island, analyze contamination of heavy metals (Cadmium and Lead) in water, sediments and Prickly Pen Shell and then the correlation. Based on Ministry of Environment decree No. 51/2004, water quality in the Panggang Island and Karya Island tend toward to low category. Cadmium and lead concentration in the water on October exceed the quality standards. In the sediment on July and October at Karya Island, concentration of cadmium were exceed the quality standar by RNO. On the other hand, cadmium and lead concentration on Prickly Pen Shell still below standard quality from decree of Director General of POM RI No. 03725. We found highest positive correlation were found between cadmium and lead accumulation in the water and on the Prickly Pen Shell, then positive correlation between cadmium and lead in the water and in the sediment. For the heavy metal contamination, we found contamination of cadmium correlation were higher than lead contamination

Bioaccumulation of Cadmium and Lead in Prickly Pen Shell in Seribu Archipelago

Jakarta Bay waters contaminated with heavy metals, so that the waters of the Thousand Islands are also potentially contaminated with heavy metals. The purpose of this study were to determine the condition of the water quality on the Panggang Island and Karya Island, analyze contamination of heavy metals (Cadmium and Lead) in water, sediments and Prickly Pen Shell and then the correlation. Based on Ministry of Environment decree No. 51/2004, water quality in the Panggang Island and Karya Island tend toward to low category. Cadmium and lead concentration in the water on October exceed the quality standards. In the sediment on July and October at Karya Island, concentration of cadmium were exceed the quality standar by RNO. On the other hand, cadmium and lead concentration on Prickly Pen Shell still below standard quality from decree of Director General of POM RI No. 03725. We found highest positive correlation were found between cadmium and lead accumulation in the water and on the Prickly Pen Shell, then positive correlation between cadmium and lead in the water and in the sediment. For the heavy metal contamination, we found contamination of cadmium correlation were higher than lead contamination

A multilevel dataset of microplastic abundance in the world’s upper ocean and the Laurentian Great Lakes

A total of 8218 pelagic microplastic samples from the world’s oceans were synthesized to create a dataset composed of raw, calibrated, processed, and gridded data which are made available to the public. The raw microplastic abundance data were obtained by different research projects using surface net tows or continuous seawater intake. Fibrous microplastics were removed from the calibrated dataset. Microplastic abundance which fluctuates due to vertical mixing under different oceanic conditions was standardized. An optimum interpolation method was used to create the gridded data; in total, there were 24.4 trillion pieces (8.2 × 104 ~ 57.8 × 104 tons) of microplastics in the world’s upper oceans

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Study of Heavy Metal Distribution and Hydrodynamic Simulation in Green Mussel Culture Net, Cilincing Water - Jakarta Bay

This study aimed to investigate the heavy metals distribution in the surrounding area of green mussel culture net, Cilincing water, Jakarta Bay, and its distribution behavior. The water sampling was carried out during the ebb tide. The heavy metal concentration was then measured by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). In order to understand the water circulation behavior related to heavy metal distribution in the study area, the Princeton Ocean Model was applied, and the model design was developed based on a scenario of an open canal in the eastern and western sides, while the center canal was placed with net cages in the water column resembling the green mussel culture net. The observed heavy metal distribution showed an intensified concentration in the green mussel culture location. The observed water current also showed a reduced velocity in the location. The modeling approach could explain the water circulation behavior in response to the presence of net units in the water column. In this case, the density of net units for green mussel culture potentially produced shear stress in the water column, which affected the flow pattern and the distribution of heavy metals. Therefore, the existence of green mussel culture nets has a potential to become a trap for pollutant distribution in the water

Study of Heavy Metal Distribution and Hydrodynamic Simulation in Green Mussel Culture Net, Cilincing Water - Jakarta Bay

This study aimed to investigate the heavy metals distribution in the surrounding area of green mussel culture net, Cilincing water, Jakarta Bay, and its distribution behavior. The water sampling was carried out during the ebb tide. The heavy metal concentration was then measured by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). In order to understand the water circulation behavior related to heavy metal distribution in the study area, the Princeton Ocean Model was applied, and the model design was developed based on a scenario of an open canal in the eastern and western sides, while the center canal was placed with net cages in the water column resembling the green mussel culture net. The observed heavy metal distribution showed an intensified concentration in the green mussel culture location. The observed water current also showed a reduced velocity in the location. The modeling approach could explain the water circulation behavior in response to the presence of net units in the water column. In this case, the density of net units for green mussel culture potentially produced shear stress in the water column, which affected the flow pattern and the distribution of heavy metals. Therefore, the existence of green mussel culture nets has a potential to become a trap for pollutant distribution in the water

MICROPLASTIC IN THE DEEP-SEA SEDIMENT OF SOUTHWESTERN SUMATRAN WATERS

Indonesia was recently ranked second on the list of countries producing plastic waste. Plastic can be degraded by thermal oxidation either with ultraviolet radiation and by mechanical to a very small size the size will be smaller. Degraded plastic with small sizes (<5 mm) measured has been micrometers known as microplastic. We took sediment samples on 07-18 May 2015 in EWIN 2015 cruise, which part of the contribution of Indonesian researchers for the International Indian Ocean Expedition-2 program, at 66.8 to 2182 m below sea level. Microplastic analysis from the sediment was carried out by using flotation methods. We found microplastic in 8 locations out of 10 sampling locations. We found 41 particles microplastic with a form of granules (35 particles) and fibers (6 particles). Most of microplastic particles were found at depths less than 500 m with 20 particles. The discovery of microplastic in the sediment from the sea of western Sumatra at a depth more than 2000 m, indicated that plastic, considered new developed materials (early nineteen centuries made), has invaded marine areas, including pristine areas. It confirms the statement that plastic waste has spread widely to different areas of the seas and oceans, including remote and mostly unknown areas such as the deep sea